I-Fiat Uhlobo lwemali, Ukwehla kwamandla emali, kanye nokuthi kungani i-Bitcoin's Fixed Supply Matters

Uhlangothi olulodwa lwalokhu lungaphrinta okuningi ngokwalo noma nini lapho ingcindezi ikhula. Olunye uhlangothi alukwazi, ngokuklama, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani olufunayo. Izimali ze-Fiat zilahlekelwa amandla okuthenga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba ukunikezwa okungahlala kukhule ekugcineni kuyakhula. I-Bitcoin ifinyelela ku-21 million zemali ohlelweni okungekho muntu ongakwazi ukuchibiyela. Kubantu baseNingizimu Afrika ababukele irandi lishibilika uma liqhathaniswa nedola isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuphila, lowo mehluko uyeka ukuba yithiyori yezimali bese uqala ukuba ngomuntu siqu.

Igama elithi "fiat" liyisiLatini elisho "makwenziwe." Imali ye-fiat ifanele okuthile ngoba uhulumeni uthi ifanele okuthile, hhayi ngoba isekelwa yinoma iyiphi into ebonakalayo ongayikala esandleni sakho.

Kwakungeyona njalo indlela imali esebenza ngayo. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomlando oqoshiwe imali yayiboshelwe empahleni, futhi indinganiso yegolide eyayixhumanisa amanothi ephepha nezisindo ezingaguquki zegolide yayisebenza njengebhuleki lokuthi uhulumeni wayengasebenzisa ngokukhululeka kangakanani. Ibhuleki liphume ngezigaba. I-United States yenza ikhefu layo lokugcina egolideni ngo-Agasti 1971, lapho uMongameli uNixon eqeda ukuguqulwa kwedola futhi evala inkathi yeBretton Woods. Yonke imali enkulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ibilokhu iphrinteka ngaphandle komkhawulo. U-Milton Friedman uchithe umsebenzi wakhe ephikisana ngokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali kuhlale futhi yonke indawo kuyisimo semali, ukuthi lapho ukunikezwa kwemali kukhula ngokushesha kunokunikezwa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo, amanani ayakhuphuka. Akulona itulo. I-arithmetic, futhi iyi-arithmetic wonke umlondolozi ogcina eyikhokhela.

Ukuthi ukuphrinta imali kubukeka kanjani esikalini

Iminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule yenza lokho kuhlolwa ngezinga okungekho muntu owake wazama ngalo ngaphambili. Ngaso sonke lesi sifo i-United States ikhulise imali yayo engu-M2 ngaphezulu kwama-40% esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu. I-European Ibhange elikhulu, iBhange LaseNgilandi kanye neBhange LaseJapan baqhube ezabo izinguqulo zebhuku lokudlala elifanayo, kanye namabhange amakhulu ezimakethe asafufusa ajoyina lapho ayengakwazi khona.

Akekho owavotela. Imiphumela yafika noma kunjalo.

Lapho umnotho uvaleka ngo-2020 imali entsha ayizange ikhiqize izimpahla ezengeziwe ngokushesha. Yahlala ohlelweni ilindile. Ngenkathi ukuthengwa kwempahla kuxegiswa ngo-2021 no-2022 ukunyuka kwentengo kwafika yonke indawo ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngophethiloli, ukudla, izinto zokwakha, i-medical aid kanye nomshwalense, kanye nerandi kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti okulondoloza athengwa buthule ngaphansi kunangonyaka odlule. Ngilandelela ukuthi lokho kuvuza okuhamba kancane kwenzani empilweni yonke yokonga ebhange empeleni kwenzekani ekongeni kwakho. Inguqulo emfushane ukuthi lolu uhlelo olusebenza njengoba luklanywe, noma lungakaze lukhangiswe ngaleyo ndlela.

Inguqulo yaseNingizimu Afrika, ngezinombolo

Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika abakudingi lokhu kuchazwe ku-abstract. Sikuphile.

Ukwehla kwamandla emali lapha kufinyelele ku-8.47% ngonyaka kusukela ngo-1968 futhi kufinyelele ku-20.7% ngoJanuwari 1986. Ishumi leminyaka lakamuva libukeke lizolile uma liqhathaniswa, futhi amanani entengo namanje enyuka ngo-65% phakathi kuka-2010 no-2020, okuyisilinganiso esingu-5.2% ngonyaka, phakathi nendawo iBhange Lombuso libalwa phakathi kwempumelelo yalo. Akekho owazizwa egetshengwa nganoma iyiphi inyanga eyodwa. Noma ubani owashiya imali yokulondoloza isikhathi eside kuleyo minyaka eyishumi usalahlekelwe ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yalokho abengakuthenga. Njengoba ngibhala maphakathi no-2026 izinga elisemthethweni lenyuke labuyela ku-4.5%, elishayelwa kakhulu uphethiloli, kanti uphethiloli unyuke cishe ngo-25% ngonyaka kanti udizili ukhuphuke kakhulu. Iklayenti eduze kwaseGeorge lakubeka kwacaca ebusika obudlule: i-medical aid yalo, amanani alo kanye nophethiloli walo konke kudlule umholo walo iminyaka emithathu edlule, futhi i-akhawunti yalo yemakethe yemali ibingakasondeli ekugcinweni kwayo.

Bese kuba nengxenye cishe akekho oyifundayo. NgoMashi 2020, lapho imakethe yendawo yamabhondi ibamba, i-SARB yamemezela ukuthi izodala imali yokuthenga amabhondi kahulumeni, futhi yaqala ukuthenga ngomhla zingama-20 kuNdasa, ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngaphambi kwesimemezelo esisemthethweni. Ekupheleni kukaMfumfu wezi-2020 ibisiqoqe izigidigidi ezingama-R38.8 ephepheni likahulumeni, kanti ibhalansi yayo ikhule cishe ngama-15% kuleyo nyanga kaNdasa. IBhangengodla belilokhu ligcizelela ukuthi lokhu bekuwukusebenza kwezimakethe kunokuba kube lula ngomthamo. Kumakhenikha ngithatha iphuzu. Isifundo siyasinda kulebula. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyanele ukucindezela kwasuswa, futhi imali ezwakalayo iyona kanye ukucindezela kwakhe okungenakukwazi.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-GFECRA ka-2024 kuyindaba efanayo ngesudi ethule. Leyo akhawunti irekhoda izinzuzo zokubuyekezwa kwegolide nezimali zezwe zangaphandle. Yahlala ku-R28 billion ngo-2003. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili yobuthakathaka bamarandi yenze yadlula izigidigidi ezingama-R500 ngo-2024, kanti u-R150 billion wayo manje usukhokhelwe kuMgcinimafa phakathi neminyaka emithathu, uxhaswe hhayi ngokudayisa noma yiziphi izinqolobane kodwa ngokudala izikweletu ezintsha zebhange elikhulu. Izazi zezomnotho ezicwaninga ngamapayipi ziphawula ukuthi umphumela we-balance sheet ukhombisa ukukhululeka kwenani noma yini ebizwa. NgoMfumfu wezi-2025 imali ebanzi ibikhula ngo-7.5% ngonyaka, kanti izigidigidi ezingama-R22.4 zokwandiswa kwenyanga eyodwa zivela ezicelweni ezintsha zomkhakha kahulumeni.

Inzuzo yokuhlaziya enkulu leyo akuyona inzuzo yokuhweba. Yiminyaka engamashumi amabili yokushelela kwemali, eqoshwe ngobunono ngababali bezimali bombuso. Ngimise leso silayidi eside ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukushelela kwerandi uma kuqhathaniswa nedola kuBitcoin.

Kungani ukunikezwa okungaguquki kweBitcoin akuyona imininingwane encane yobuchwepheshe

Yonke inqubomgomo yemali yeBitcoin ilingana ngomusho owodwa. Kuyoke kube nezinhlamvu zemali eziyizigidi ezingu-21 kuphela futhi izinga okuvela ngalo okusha liba yingxenye cishe njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine kuze kuphele ukukhishwa.

I-Satoshi Nakamoto yethule inethiwekhi ngoJanuwari 2009 futhi yabhala ukuthi i-cap ku-Umthetho olandelwayo we-Bitcoin hhayi njengenqubomgomo noma ubani angabuyekezwa kodwa njengomthetho ophoqelelwa yiwo wonke ama-node agcwele asebenzisa isofthiwe. Izinhlamvu zemali ezintsha zingena ngezimayini. Abavukuzi bathole ama-50 ibhulokhi ngayinye ngo-2009. Ngemuva kokwehliswa kuka-April 2024 bathola u-3.125, futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-2030 izoba ngaphansi kweyodwa. Izinhlamvu zemali ezingaphezu kweshumi nesishiyagalolunye kwezigidi ezingamashumi amabili nanye sezikhishiwe, ngakho-ke umhlaba usuhlangabezane neningi lokunikezwa oyoke ukuthole. Alikho ibhange elikhulu elingavotela ukulikhulisa. Abukho ubunzima obuyikhululayo. Alikho ikomiti elihlala ngemuva kwalo, ngoba alikho nhlobo ikomiti.

Yilowo umehluko ophelele, futhi kumuntu okhuliswe lapho imali yehliswe khona amashumi eminyaka akuyona encane.

Abantu bafinyelela igama elithi "unbacked" lapha futhi balibuyisele emuva impela. I-Bitcoin ayisekelwa isithembiso esingaphulwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Isekelwa umthetho wokuthi isithembiso angeke siwuchithe. Lapho umkhawulo webhange eliphakathi kuwukwahlulela kwabantu abahlomulayo ngokuyixegisa, umkhawulo weBitcoin uwumugqa wokuvumelana owenqaba noma iyiphi ibhulokhi ezama ukuhlanganisa okungaphezu kwalokho okukuvunyelwa yishejuli, ngokuzenzekelayo, kungabikho muntu ozonxenxa futhi kungabikho sikhalazo esifayelwa. Yingakho ukuhlukaniswa kwesigamu kungakaze kushelele nakanye. I-spike yokufuna ayikusheshi. I-geopolitical shock ayikumisi isikhashana. Ishejuli imane ihambe, ivimbe ngemva kokuvinjwa, ingabi nandaba nokuthi noma ubani angathanda ukuba yenzeni.

Yikuphi ukushoda okukuthengayo

Ukushoda kukodwa kuyize. Ukugijima okulinganiselwe kwanoma yini ongafunwa muntu kuhlala kushibhile. Okunikeza amazinyo okushoda kweBitcoin yikho konke okufika kunamathiselwe. Kuyoke kube nezigidi ezingu-21 kuphela. Isifiso sayo sikhule unyaka nonyaka. Isebenza njengempahla ephethe kanye nenethiwekhi yokukhokhelana ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi noma ubani angaqinisekisa konke ukunikezwa kusuka kukhompuyutha evamile ngaphandle kokucela imvume kumphefumulo.

Beka lokho ngokumelene nerandi. I-SARB ishicilela izibalo zayo zokuhlinzeka ngemali futhi angingabazi, kodwa awukwazi ukuqinisekisa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi mangaki amarandi akhona noma akhiwayo kule kota. Uthemba isikhungo ukuthi sizophatha uhlobo lwemali ngokuzibophezela futhi sibambe izindleko uma ingcindezi iwina. Nge-Bitcoin asikho isikhungo sokuthembela kwasekuqaleni. Kukhona ikhodi nezibalo kanye nenethiwekhi yemishini ephoqelela kokubili, kuyilapho abanikazi bengadingeki bathembane. Ngenza lelo cala ngokugcwele I-Bitcoin njengemali ezwakalayo, kanye nengxabano eqotho yothango oluzungezile kuyo I-Bitcoin njengethango.

Ukuqhathanisa negolide kufanelekile ukuthi kumiswe isikhashana, ngoba igolide seliwenze lo msebenzi amakhulu eminyaka futhi lifanelwe ukuhlonishwa. Igolide lahlala lizwakala isikhathi eside ngoba kwakuyinto enzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni ukukhiqiza, ukunikezwa kwalo kwenyuka ngaphansi kuka-2% ngonyaka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu wayefuna kabi kangakanani. Kodwa ukunikezwa kwegolide kusaphendula intengo. Lapho insimbi isebenza, abavukuzi baphinde bavule imigodi engaseceleni futhi bacwengisise insimbi empofu kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni ifika into entsha ukuze ihlangabezane nesasasa. Ukunikezwa kwe-Bitcoin izimpendulo zalutho. Abavukuzi abaningi nemishini esheshayo ayikwazi ukuhlanganisa uhlamvu lwemali olulodwa, ngoba umthetho olandelwayo uvele wenze iphazili ibe nzima ukuze ishejuli ibambe. Umsebenzi ungokoqobo futhi ugesi ungokoqobo, futhi akukho noyedwa kuwo ohambisa ingqikithi nge-satoshi eyodwa.

Yini ongayenza ngalokhu uma wonga ngerandi

Isiphetho akukhona ukuthi akufanele ubambe irandi. Uhola ngamarandi futhi uchithe ngamarandi, kanti isikhwama sakho sezimo eziphuthumayo singerandi, siyabhora futhi sifinyeleleka ngokushesha. Ingxenye yengcebo yakho okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlala ingakathintwa iminyaka eyishumi ingumbuzo ohlukile, futhi ifanele ithuluzi elingakwazi ukunwetshwa buthule ngenkathi ilindile.

I-Bitcoin ngeke iziphathe njengediphozithi ehleliwe endleleni eya lapho. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuncane ngonyaka okungama-2% eminothweni ecebile, kanye no-5% noma u-6% eduze nesipiliyoni sesikhathi eside saseNingizimu Afrika, intela ukheshi unyaka nonyaka ngaphandle kokukuthumelela isikweletu. Ngo-6% amandla akho okuthenga ayancipha cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nambili.

Uhlelo lokunikezwa kwe-Bitcoin alukwazi ukuhlelwa kabusha ukuze lusebenze umjikelezo wesabelomali, okuyiyona nse impahla entula ngayo i-fiat, futhi yingakho ngiyigcina enkabeni yazo zonke izingxoxo zamaklayenti nakuba intengo yayo ingehla ngo-30% ngekota futhi ikwenze izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Lokho kuntengantenga yizindleko zempahla esencane ethola izinga layo emakethe evulekile engenalo ibhange elikhulu elishelelayo, yingakho ngiphikelela emkhathizwe weminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi nawo wonke umuntu engisebenza naye.

Empeleni ngihlela ukuthi njengokuthenga njalo ngenyanga kusukela ku-R1,000 ngenyanga, ngihambisa amakhasimende ekuzigcineni kwangempela kusukela ku-R10,000 lapho okhiye behlezi ezandleni zabo esikhundleni sokushintshisana, abanezimpahla ezinkulu ezifakwa ku-Vault ukuze kungabikho mshini owodwa noma ukugqekeza okungagudluza izinhlamvu zemali. Uma irandi lingenzi lutho ku-akhawunti yakho yikho okukugcina umile, qala uhlelo lokonga lwe-Bitcoin lwanyanga zonke futhi uvumele isikhathi kanye nempahla engaguquki yenze umsebenzi ongeke ukwazi ukuwusebenzisa.