I-Bitcoin njengemali eqinile: Kusho ukuthini ngempela lokho

Imali eqinile igcina izici zayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yalokho eyikho, hhayi ngenxa yokuthi iphathwa ngubani. Isivivinyo sineminyaka engamakhulu futhi asixoleli. Yonke imali ye-fiat ihlala ohlangothini olungalungile lwaso, kufaka nerandi. I-Bitcoin yakhelwa ukusiphumelela, ngenani elimisiwe lezinhlamvu eziyizigidi ezingu-21 elingeke lichitshiyelwe yikomiti.

Isho ukuthini ngempela imali eqinile?

Buza abantu abayishumi ukuthi iyini imali uzothola izinguqulo eziyishumi zempendulo efanayo: yinto oyishintshanisa ngezinye izinto. UCarl Menger, ebhala ngemvelaphi yemali ngo-1892, wabuza umbuzo obukhali kakhulu, wokuthi kungani izimpahla ezithile zithola lowo msebenzi ngesikhathi ezinye zingawutholi neze. Impendulo yakhe kwaba wukuthengiseka. Impahla yemali yaziswa hhayi ngalokho ongakwenza ngayo kodwa ngokuthi kulula kangakanani ukushintshaniswa nakho konke okunye, ngokwesikhathi, ngebanga futhi nganoma yibuphi ubukhulu bokuthengiselana. Impahla ehweba kahle kunazo zonke iwina umsebenzi.

Imali yingxenye yakho konke ukuthengiselana oyamukelayo ngaphandle kokuyifuna yona uqobo. Igcina umsebenzi osuwenzile kakade, isivuno esithengisiwe, umsebenzi weminyaka, kuze kufike usuku oyishintshanisa ngalo nalokho okufunayo. Ukukhetha ukuthi ugcine lowo msebenzi kuphi kuyisinqumo sezimali esikhulu kunazo zonke abantu abaningi abangasoze basenza.

Hlukanisa ukuthengiseka ube yizingxenye uthole uhlu lokuhlola lwakudala. Imali eqinile ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukusinda ekugcinweni, ihlukaniseka ngokwanele ukuthenga ukugundwa kwezinwele ngethuluzi elifanayo elithenga ipulazi, iphatheka ngokwanele ukuhamba lapho uhamba, iyafana ngokwanele ukuthi iyunithi eyodwa ilingane nanoma iyiphi enye futhi iyindlala ngokwanele ukuthi ukuyibamba akubona umnikelo ohamba kancane kunoma ubani okhiqiza eyengeziwe yayo.

Ngaphansi kohlu lokuhlola kuhlala isivivinyo esinquma konke: ukuthi ngabe umuntu angakwazi yini ukwenza imali eyengeziwe lapho kumfanele. Uma impendulo kunguyebo, imali ilula. Wonke umuntu oyibambile uxhasa buthule noma ubani olawula inani. Uma impendulo kungucha, imali ilukhuni. Imali elukhuni yilokho abantu abakushoyo lapho bethi imali eqinile.

Akekho owasungula imali ngomyalelo. Izimakethe zayithola, impahla ngempahla, ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka zokukhetha into ethengiseka kakhulu ekhona. Ngilandela leyo ndaba ende ku-isizathu nomlando wemali. Kule ngosi uhlu lokuhlola lwanele.

Kwenzekani ngemali elula

Umlando uwuqhube lo mkhuba izikhathi eziningi kunalokho umuntu azihlupha ngokukubala futhi umphumela awushintshi. Amagobolondo olwandle, ubuhlalu bengilazi namadiski amatshe konke kwake kwasebenza njengemali ndawana thize. Ngakunye kwasebenza isikhathi esilingana ncamashi nesikhathi kwahlala kulukhuni ukukukhiqiza. Ngakunye kwawa ngomzuzu umuntu efika nobuchwepheshe bokwenza okwengeziwe, lapho abongayo banikela khona ngengcebo yabo, ukuthengiselana ngokuthengiselana, kubakhiqizi.

Ubunzima bokukhiqiza kwakuyiyo yonke inkambiso. Igolide lagcina lo msebenzi isikhathi eside kunazo zonke ngoba lahlala liyinto elukhuni kunazo zonke emhlabeni ukuyikhiqiza, nenani likhula ngaphansi kuka-2% ngonyaka noma ngabe umuntu wayefuna kangakanani okwengeziwe. Izindleko ziyilo iphuzu. Kusho ukuthi ingcebo ayikwazi ukudalwa ngomyalelo.

Ukwehliswa kwenani lemali uqobo akuyona into yesimanje. Ababusi babesika izinhlamvu zemali bexuba nensimbi ephansi esiliveni kudala amabhange amakhulu engakabi khona. Okwashintsha esikhathini se-fiat wukungqubuzana. Ukwehlisa inani lezinhlamvu kwakuthatha ulwazi lwensimbi nesikhathi. Ukukhulisa inani lemali yesimanje kuthatha isinqumo.

Kusukela ngo-1971 ayikho imali enkulu eboshelwe entweni ephathekayo. Ngayinye iyisithembiso esiphathwayo, esikhawulelwe wukwahlulela kwekomiti nesifiso sezombusazwe. Amakomiti aziphatha ngokufanele izikhathi ezithile. Kwase kufika uMashi 2020 futhi i-United States yakhulisa inani lemali layo le-M2 ngaphezu kuka-40% eminyakeni emithathu, ngesikhathi iBank of England, i-ECB neBank of Japan zisebenzisa indlela efanayo ngezilinganiso zazo.

Akekho owavotela lokho. Akekho owayedinga ukuvota.

Ingabe irandi liyimali eqinile?

AbaseNingizimu Afrika bathola ithuba lokufunda lo mbuzo bengaphakathi. IBhange Elikhulu liqhube ukuhloswa kokwenyuka kwamanani okusemthethweni kusukela ngoFebruwari 2000 futhi iminyaka engu-25 ibhande lalihlala ku-3% kuya ku-6%. Lahlulelwa ngokwemigomo yalo uhlaka lwasebenza ngokwengxenye enkulu; ngokwezilinganiso zezimakethe ezisafufusayo i-SARB iyisikhungo esizikhandlayo. Lahlulelwa njengemali, irekhodi lifundeka ngokwehlukile. Amanani entengo kubathengi enyuka ngo-65% phakathi kuka-2010 no-2020, ngesilinganiso esingu-5.2% ngonyaka, eshumini leminyaka uhlaka olubala njengempumelelo.

Leyo yinguqulo enenhlonipho yokwehliswa kwenani lemali. Ngo-5.2% ngonyaka imali yakho yehla ngesigamu emandleni okuthenga cishe njalo eminyakeni eyishumi nane ngesikhathi konke kusebenza ncamashi njengoba kwaklanywa.

Inguqulo engenanhlonipho yafika ngoMashi 2020. Lapho imakethe yamabhondi ima emavikini okuqala obhubhane, i-SARB yaqala ukuthenga amabhondi kahulumeni emakethe yesibili mhla zingu-20 Mashi, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuba imemezele uhlelo ngokusemthethweni. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba 2020 yayisiqoqe u-R38.8 billion wamaphepha kahulumeni. IBhange lizikhandle ukubiza lokhu ngokusebenza kwemakethe kunokuba wukugqugquzela futhi ngobufakazi ngiyakwamukela lokho. Isifundo sisinda encazelweni yamagama. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyanele, umkhawulo wanyakaza. Imali eqinile yiyo kanye imali umkhawulo wayo ongeke unyakaze.

Ukuduma kwangemuva kuyaqhubeka phakathi kwezinhlekelele. Inani lemali elibanzi lakhula ngo-7.5% unyaka nonyaka ngo-Okthoba 2025, lisizwa wukwenyuka kwanyanga zonke kuka-R22.4 billion ezimangalweni ezimsulwa zomkhakha wamabhange kuhulumeni. Isikweletu somphakathi safinyelela cishe ku-75% we-GDP ekupheleni kuka-2024, cishe siphindwe kathathu kwezinga lika-2008. Izindleko zokukhokhela isikweletu manje zithatha amasenti angu-20 kuyo yonke irandi uhulumeni ayiqoqayo, okunciphisa yonke isabelomali ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe isinqumo esisodwa esisha. Imali ekhishwa kuleyo zibalo ithwala lezo zibalo nayo.

Ukuba nobulungiswa ku-SARB, izwe lamukela umgomo oqinile wephuzu lika-3% ngoNovemba 2025 futhi ukwenyuka kwamanani sekwehlile kuya kuwo kusukela lapho. Ngithemba ukuthi inkambiso izobambelela emjikelezweni wezombusazwe olandelayo. Ithemba, nokho, akusona isici semali.

Akukho kulokhu okusho ukuthi irandi liyehla kuphela. Lasimama cishe ngo-14% ngo-2025, unyaka walo omuhle kunayo yonke kusukela ngo-2009, lavala eduze kuka-R16.50 ngedola. Iminyaka emihle iyenzeka. Imali edinga unyaka omuhle ukuze ixolelwe isakutshela ukuthi iyini. Ukuqina kuyisici, hhayi intengo. Ngikhombisa ukuthi ukuvuza okuhamba kancane kwenzani empilweni yonke yokongiwe ku-okwenzeka ngempela kokongiwe kwakho.

Kungani i-Bitcoin ifaneleka njengemali eqinile

Yonke inqubomgomo yemali ye-Bitcoin ingena emshweni owodwa. Kuyoke kube khona izinhlamvu eziyizigidi ezingu-21 kuphela futhi izinga lokukhishwa okusha lehla ngesigamu cishe njalo eminyakeni emine kuze kume cishe ngo-2140.

Ishedyuli ayikaze igeje. Ngo-2009 abavukuzi bathola i-bitcoin engu-50 ngebhulokhi ngayinye eyengezwa kuketanga. Ngemva kokwehliswa ngesigamu kuka-Ephreli 2024 umvuzo umi ku-3.125. Ngo-2032 uzoba ngaphansi kuka-1. Ngaphezu kuka-90% wayo yonke i-bitcoin eyoke ibe khona isikhishiwe kakade, ngakho umhlaba usuhlangane kakade nengxenye enkulu yenani oyoke alithole. Akukho kwenyuka kwesidingo okusheshisa ishedyuli. Ayikho inhlekelele eyixegisayo. Alikho ikomiti lesimo esiphuthumayo elihlala ngemuva kwayo, ngoba alikho ikomiti nhlobo.

Ngabhala ku-I-The Strategic Reserve ukuthi umkhawulo wezigidi ezingu-21 akuwona umhlahlandlela. Kungumthetho ophoqelelwa yi-node ephelele ngayinye esebenzisa isofthiwe ye-Bitcoin. Ibhulokhi eliwephulayo lichithwa ngokuzenzakalela, ngaphandle kwenqubo yokwedlulisa icala futhi kungekho muntu ongancengwa. Umkhawulo we-fiat uyisithembiso. Umkhawulo wegolide yikhemistri kanye nezindleko zokumba. Umkhawulo we-Bitcoin yizibalo, ezihlolwa njalo ngamashumi ezinkulungwane emishini ezimele abanikazi bayo abangadingi neze ukwethembana.

Namuhla ukuqhathaniswa negolide kubukeka kusondelene. Ngeke kuhlale kusondelene. Inani le-Bitcoin njengamanje likhula cishe ngo-1.8% ngonyaka, eduze ngokwanele nezinga legolide. Kodwa ukugeleza kwegolide kuphendula intengo: lapho insimbi igijima, abavukuzi bavula kabusha imigodi engaphansi bacwenge i-ore empofu kuze kufike inani elisha ukuhlangabezana nogqozi. Ukugeleza kwe-Bitcoin akuphenduli lutho. Abavukuzi abengeziwe namachipu asheshayo abakwazi ukukhiqiza uhlamvu olulodwa olwengeziwe; iphrothokholi imane yenze indida ibe nzima kakhulu ukuze ishedyuli ibambelele. Umsebenzi ungowangempela namandla angawangempela, kodwa akukho kukho okuhambisa inani ngisho nge-satoshi eyodwa. Ngiyichaza leyo mishini ku-ubufakazi bomsebenzi, buchaziwe.

Abahlaziyi bakala ukuqina kwemali nge-stock-to-flow, inani elikhona lihlukaniswe ngokukhiqizwa okusha konyaka ngamunye. Igolide libe phezulu kuleli tafula amakhulu eminyaka ngoba ingqikithi yalo iphakeme kakhulu kunokugeleza kwalo. Ukwehliswa ngesigamu ngakunye kuphinda kabili amaphuzu e-Bitcoin. Ukwehliswa ngesigamu kuka-2024 kwayilinganisa nensimbi kanti okuka-2028 kuyidlulisa unomphela.

Umbuzo wokugcina wukuthi ubani oqapha umthetho. Ucwaningo lwama-asethi edijithali lwakwa-Fidelity luwuphendula ngethiyori yomdlalo: ukukhuphula umkhawulo kungancipha okubanjwe ngabantu imvume yabo okungayidinga. Abavukuzi bebengavotela ukwehlisa inani lemali yabo engenayo yesikhathi esizayo. Abasebenzisi bama-node bebengavotela ukwehlisa inani lokongiwe kwabo. Emlandweni, imali eqinile yayincike ekuzibambeni kwababusi ababezuza ngokuyephula. I-Bitcoin yimali yokuqala eqashwe ngababambiqhaza abazuza ngokuyigcina. Iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa yohulumeni abanobutha, ukuwa kwama-exchange nokwehla okuthathu okungu-80% noma okubi kakhulu akuwuhambisanga umkhawulo ngisho ngohlamvu olulodwa.

Lapho i-Bitcoin ishaya khona igolide: izici ezingathakaseli

Indlala ithola izihloko zezindaba. Izici ezingabalulwa kakhulu yizo ezithule.

I-bitcoin ihlukaniseka ibe ngamayunithi ayizigidi eziyikhulu abizwa ngama-satoshi, ngakho ithuluzi elifanayo likhokhela ukuthenga kuka-R100 nokuka-R100 million. Igolide lihlukaniswa ngesaha. I-fiat ihlukaniseka kahle kakhulu, okuyisivivinyo esisodwa esiphumelela ngamalengiso.

Ukuqinisekisa yisici engisigcizelela kakhulu lapho amaklayenti ebuza ukuthi uyini umehluko osebenzayo. Noma ubani onekhompyutha ejwayelekile angasebenzisa isofthiwe ye-Bitcoin, ahlole lonke inani futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izinhlamvu zakhe zingezangempela ngaphandle kokucela imvume esikhungweni esisodwa. Ukuhlola ibha yegolide kuthatha imishini yokuhlola nochwepheshe okhokhisa ngokufanele. Ukuhlola imali ye-fiat akwenzeki ngisho nangokwomthetho, ngoba into obungadinga ukuyihlola yizinhloso zesikhathi esizayo zabantu abayikhiphayo.

Ukuphatheka nokufana kuqedela konke. Idola laseMelika alifani nedola laseKhanada. Irandi aliweli umngcele ngaphandle kwemvume; kukhona imvume yonyaka namaphepha okufakazela ukuthi uhlale ngaphakathi kwayo. I-Bitcoin iyi-asethi efanayo eGoli njengaseLondon futhi ukudluliswa phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili kukhokheleka cishe ngehora, nganoma yibuphi ubukhulu, kungekho mvume yamuntu edingekayo.

Umeluleki wakho cishe akakaze asho ngisho igama lalokhu. Ukuthula kuyindaba emayelana nezikhuthazo zezimali kunokuba imayelana nezici zemali futhi ngiyixoxe ngokugcwele ku-kungani abatshalimali bayeka ukuhlonipha igolide nezimpahla.

Ongakwenza ngalokhu uma wonga ngerandi

Isiphetho akusikho ukuthi akufanele ubambe randi. Uhola ngerandi. Usebenzisa irandi. Isikhwama sakho sesimo esiphuthumayo sifanele sibe serandini, singathakaseli futhi sitholakala ngokushesha. Isiphetho wukuthi ingxenye yengcebo yakho okuhloswe ukuthi ihlale ingathintwa iminyaka eyishumi ifanelwe yithuluzi elingeke likhuliswe buthule ngesikhathi lilindile.

Kulowo msebenzi ngibamba i-Bitcoin mina uqobo futhi ngisiza amaklayenti ayibambe kahle. Uhlelo lokonga lwanyanga zonke luqala ku-R1,000 futhi luthenga kuyo yonke imizwa imakethe enayo. Kusukela ku-R10,000 ngiqondisa amaklayenti ekuzigcineleni kwangempela, nezikhiye ezandleni zawo kunokuba zibe ku-exchange. Okugcinwe okukhulu kufanele kube ku-i-Vault, uhlelo lwe-multisig ye-2-ku-3 lapho iklayenti libamba i-Trezor ne-Ileja ngesikhathi mina ngigcina ukhiye wokubuyisela we-Coldcard, ukuze kungabikho divayisi eyodwa, muntu noma kugqekezwa okungahambisa izinhlamvu.

I-Bitcoin ngeke iziphathe njengediphozithi emisiwe endleleni. Ingehla ngo-30% ekotini futhi ikwenzile lokho ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa. Lokho kuguquguquka kuyintengo ye-asethi ezitholela izinga layo emakethe evulekile ngaphandle kwebhange elikhulu elenza uhambo lube bushelelezi, yingakho ngigcizelela umbono weminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi kuwo wonke amaklayenti. Lokho umkhawulo wezigidi ezingu-21 okuthengela kona kulowo mbono kuyinto eyivelakancane kunohambo olubushelelezi: ukuqiniseka ngesabelo sakho. Yiba ne-bitcoin eyodwa futhi ungumnikazi wesigidi esisodwa kwezingu-21 sakho konke okuyoke kube khona, kulo nyaka nango-2140. Akekho ongakukhiphela ngaphandle kwaleso sikhundla ngokukhipha okusha. Ezweni imali yalo eyehla ngesigamu emandleni okuthenga njalo eminyakeni eyishumi nane ngesikhathi isebenza njengoba yaklanywa, ukuqiniseka ngesabelo sakho kuyisici esiwusizo kunazo zonke i-asethi engasinikeza.