Kwenzekani Empeleni Ekongeni Kwakho
Imali eku-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza ilahlekelwa amandla okuthenga ngokushesha kunenzalo eyitholayo, futhi lokhu akulona ishwa noma isigaba esidlulayo. Izibalo ezilandela indlela ohulumeni abazixhasa ngayo uma bekweleta okungaphezu kwalokho abakwazi ukukukhokhela kahle. Abalondolozi baseNingizimu Afrika bahlala ngaphakathi kuleyo zibalo, noma ngabe kukhona oke wabachazela noma cha.
Ukhiye wokuthatha
Imali iqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kudlula inzalo etholwa yimali yakho, futhi ngokuvamile kuba njalo. Amanani abathengi baseNingizimu Afrika anyuke ngo-65% phakathi kuka-2010 no-2020, okuyisilinganiso sama-5.2% ngonyaka, ngaphakathi kohlaka olwalufinyelela imigomo yalo. Irandi lehle lisuka ku-R14 laya edollar ngo-2019 laya ku-R18.70 ngo-2024. Imali ebanzi ilokhu ikhula, u-7.5% unyaka nonyaka ngo-Okthoba 2025, iningi layo liqhutshwa ukuboleka kukahulumeni. I-Bitcoin ivala ukunikezwa kwayo ngezinhlamvu zemali eziyizigidi ezingama-21 okungekho komiti elingakwazi ukuzikhulisa. Lesi siqeshana sihamba ngomshini kanye nalokho engikwenzayo ngakho kumakhasimende.
Ukukhathazeka okuningi ngokonga kuqala njengomqondo ongacacile wokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle buthule, ngaphandle kwesithombe esicacile salokho. Indlela yokusebenza ayifihliwe. Ishicilelwa nyanga zonke yi-Reserve Bank kanye nabe-Stats SA, futhi uma usuwubonile awukwazi ukuwuyeka.
Ukubuya kwangempela kuwumdlalo wonke
Hlikihla isihloko sibe inombolo eyodwa futhi siyimbuyiselo yakho yangempela, inzalo oyitholayo khipha izinga lokukhuphuka kwezintengo. Idiphozithi engaguquki ekhokha inani elincane lizwakala njengenqubekelaphambili. Khona-ke izindleko zegrosa zikhuphuka ngaphezu kwalelo zinga phakathi nonyaka futhi inqubekela phambili yaba inkohliso, ngoba ibhalansi ikhule ngamarandi kuyilapho amarandi ancipha kulokho abakuthengayo. Uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kuhlala ngaphezu kwenzalo ekhokhwa ngokheshi, kubambe izingidi zebhalansi enkulu embuyiselo yangempela engeyinhle ngedizayini.
Isisho sokuhlala lapho sisho ukuklama. Imbuyiselo yangempela engeyinhle emalini ayiyona inkimbinkimbi ohlelweni, wuhlelo olwenza lokho kanye lokho izwe elinezikweletu ezinkulu elidinga ukuthi likwenze.
Ohulumeni abanezikweletu ezinkulu banegama lalelisu, ngisho noma bengalisho ngokuzwakalayo kubalondolozi bemali. Izazi zezomnotho zikubiza ngokuthi ukucindezelwa kwezimali, futhi iphepha le-IMF lango-2011 elinesihloko esithi "The Liquidation of Government Debt" likuchaza ngokusobala njengentela kubanikazi bamabhondi nabalondolozi ngamanani enzalo yangempela angemahle noma angaphansi kwemakethe. Leli phepha liphawula ukuthi iqhinga lisebenza kangcono ekwehliseni isikweletu uma sihambisana nokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuguguleka okuhamba kancane kokonga kwakho akuwona umthelela oseceleni abenzi benqubomgomo abazisola ngawo. Embusweni othwele isikweletu awukwazi ukukhula ngendlela yawo, ungenye yezindlela ezimbalwa ezisele, futhi yiwona okungadingeki ukuthi uvotelwe.
Ukuqonda lokhu kushintsha indlela ofunda ngayo igama elithi safe. I-akhawunti yemali iphephile ngomqondo omncane wokuthi inombolo ngeke iwe futhi ibhange ngeke lilahlekelwe idiphozithi yakho. Ayiphephile ngendlela yokuthi ibalulekile ku-saver, okuwukuthi ukuthi into iyasinda yini iminyaka uyibambe ngefomu esathenga lokho ekuthengile. Lezo zincazelo ezimbili zokudonsela okuphephile ngezindlela ezihlukile, futhi imboni yezeluleko ichithe isizukulwane ikukhuthaza ukuthi uzwe eyokuqala kuphela.
Kungani ingcindezi yokufutha ingakhuphuki ngempela
Isamba sesikweletu sikahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika sifinyelele ku-77% we-GDP ekupheleni kukaNdasa wezi-2025 futhi senyuke safinyelela ku-78.8% ekupheleni kwalowo nyaka, cishe ngokuphindwe kathathu lapho sasihleli khona ngo-2008. Izindleko zokukhokhela izikweletu zigwinye u-21.3% wayo yonke imali engenayo kahulumeni ngonyaka wezimali ka-2024/25, okusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwerandi elilodwa kweziyisihlanu eziqoqwe ngentela kushiwo ngaphambi kokuba kuxhaswe isikole esisodwa, umtholampilo noma umgwaqo.
Uhulumeni okuleso sikhundla uneminyango emithathu. Ingakhuphula izintela kude ngokwanele ukuvala igebe, elinonya ngokwepolitiki futhi lizibekela imingcele ngokwezomnotho. Kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngezinga okungekho uhulumeni wanamuhla waseNtshonalanga oke wakwazi ukulisebenzisa. Noma ingavumela ukunikezwa kwemali kuqhubeke kwanda ukuze isisindo sangempela sesikweletu esikhona sinciphe kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umnyango wesithathu yilowo othule, futhi yilowo cishe wonke umuntu ongena kuwo.
Ungakubuka kwenzeka ezibalweni zokuphakelwa kwemali iBhange Lombuso elizishicilelayo nyanga zonke. Imali ebanzi, isilinganiso se-M3, ikhule ngo-7.5% ngonyaka ngo-Okthoba 2025, isuka ku-6.1% ngenyanga edlule. Umshayeli oyedwa omkhulu wanyanga zonke ukwenyuka ngo-R22.4 billion ezicelweni eziphelele zamabhange kuhulumeni. Ngakho-ke kwakhiwa amarandi engeziwe futhi ingxenye enkulu yalawo amasha ibuyela emuva ekuzixhaseni kombuso ngokwawo. Wonke lawo randi amasha anciphisa ngokuthula lawo asehleli ku-akhawunti yakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyaqaphela noma cha.
Ayigqoki njalo ilebula. Ngenkathi imakethe yamabhondi iba ngoMashi 2020, iBhangengodla laqala ukuthenga amabhondi kahulumeni emakethe yesibili futhi laqongelela izigidigidi ezingama-R38.8 ngawo lowo Mfumfu, kuyilapho ligcizelela ukuthi lo msebenzi wawumayelana nokusebenza kwezimakethe kunokuba ukhuthaze. Ngobufakazi ngiyakwamukela lokho kuhlaka. Isifundo siyasinda kuma-semantics nokho. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyanele ukucindezela kwahamba, futhi imali umkhawulo wayo ongahamba ngaphansi kwengcindezi akuyona imali oyifunayo ukubamba ishumi leminyaka lomsebenzi wakho.
Lokhu kubukeka kanjani ngebhalansi yerandi langempela
Thatha i-saver e-George eno-R200,000 epakwe ku-akhawunti yemakethe yemali, utshelwe ukuthi iyindawo ephephile, enengqondo yayo. Akukho okumangalisayo okwenzekayo. Akukho ukuphahlazeka, akukho sihloko, akukho mzuzu lapho inombolo esitatimendeni iwela khona. Ibhalansi ibheka phezulu unyaka ngamunye nenzalo. Kodwa uma amanani enyuka ngokushesha kunaleyo nzalo, futhi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ka-2010 kuya kowezi-2020 amanani entengo aseNingizimu Afrika enyuke ngo-65% kuyilapho i-akhawunti yemali evamile engakhokhi ndawo ukuze ilingane, amandla okuthenga alowo R200,000 ayopha buthule sonke isikhathi. Iminyaka eyishumi yesilinganiso sokwehla kwamandla emali ngo-5.2% sinciphisa lokho okuthengwa yimali cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nane, futhi lokho kwenzeka ngesikhathi iBhange Lombuso likubala njengempumelelo yenqubomgomo. Lapho uhlaka lunyakaza, ukuvuza kuba ngokushesha. Isilondolozi asenzanga lutho olungalungile. Ithuluzi lenze lokho ebelihlale lizokwenza.
Bese kuba nokuvuza kwesibili, okufihlwa izinombolo zendawo.
Irandi alilahlekelwa kuphela inani uma liqhathaniswa nenqola yegrosa yasendaweni. Ilahlekelwa inani uma iqhathaniswa nezimali eziqinile. Isuke ku-R14 yaya edola ngo-2019 yaya ku-R18.70 ngo-2024, futhi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili isilahle cishe amaphesenti angama-70 wenani layo uma iqhathaniswa nedola, ukwehla kancane engikubeke ngokufanelekile. ukuthi kusho ukuthini ubuthakathaka berandi ngeBitcoin. Ngakho-ke, imali yaseNingizimu Afrika ebamba irandi ivezwa kabili, ekukhuphukeni kwamandla emali yasekhaya edla lokho okuthengwa yilawo randi ekhaya kanye nokwehla kwenani lokudla akuthenge phesheya. I-akhawunti yokulondoloza irandi ekhokha inzalo yerandi ikheli alinawo. Yimali eyehliswayo ebuye isetshenziselwe ukukala umvuzo wokuyibamba.
Isikali sokuphrinta, sibekwe kumongo
Lokhu akukona ukwehluleka okuhlukile kwaseNingizimu Afrika. Kuyindlela yonke imali engasekelwanga eziphatha ngayo, eyethu ngokuqondiswa okuncane kunokuningi nangaphezulu kunezinye. Umfanekiso wakamuva ocace kakhulu uvela emalini ebekiwe yomhlaba, idola laseMelika. Phakathi kuka-2020 no-2023 i-United States ikhulise ukunikezwa kwemali kwayo kwe-M2 ngaphezu kuka-40% ngaphansi kweminyaka emithathu, ukwanda okukhulu kwezimali ngesikhathi sokuthula okurekhodiwe. IBhange LaseNgilandi, I-European Ibhange elikhulu kanye neBhange LaseJapan bonke basebenzise incwadi yokudlala efanayo ngezikali zabo. I-liquidity entsha kuleso sikali ayimane ishabalale. Ingena ezimpahleni, ikhuphule intengo yamasheya, impahla kanye nezimpahla eziyivelakancane, kuyilapho umlondolozi ehlezi ngesineke emalini ebuka umugqa wokuqedela uqhela kancane kancane kuzo, unyaka nonyaka.
Akukho kulokhu okuyicala lonya. Kusukela ngo-1971 alukho uhlobo lwemali olukhulu oluye lwasekelwa kunoma yini engokoqobo, ngakho ngayinye iyisithembiso esiphethwe esikhundleni senani elinqunyiwe. I-Reserve Bank, ngokwezindinganiso ezisafufusa, iyisikhungo esiqondile, futhi ngikusho ngaphandle kwendida. Inkinga akukhona ukuthi abantu abaphethe uhlelo babudedengu. Inkinga ukuthi isithiyo sokuthi ingakanani imali engaba khona yisinqumo kunokuba umthetho, futhi ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyanele izinqumo ziyagoba. Isilondolozi asikwazi ukuhlola isinqumo. Leso yisizathu esijulile engichaza kuso kungani i-fiat inflates futhi ukunikezwa kwe-Bitcoin kuhlala kugxilile.
Kungani i-Bitcoin iphendula le nkinga ethile
I-Bitcoin inokunikezwa okungaguquki kwezinhlamvu zemali eziyizigidi ezingama-21. Isheduli yokukhishwa ibhalwe kuphrothokholi, ihhafu cishe njalo eminyakeni emine futhi iphoqelelwa yiwo wonke amanodi agcwele asebenzisa isoftware. Alikho ibhange elikhulu, alikho ihhovisi likamgcinimafa, alikho ikomiti lezimo eziphuthumayo elingakhipha okwengeziwe, futhi isizathu akusona isithembiso sokuziphatha. Kungokuthi ibhulokhi ephula umthetho inqatshwa ngokuzenzakalela inethiwekhi, kungabikho muntu ongakhala kuye futhi kungabikho ozonxenxa. Lesi yisithombe esiyisibuko semali ekhula ngoba uhulumeni uyayidinga.
Ukuhlobana ekongeni kwakho kuqondile kunokuba kungaqondakali. Uma uhlobo oluthile lwemali lunweba ukunikezwa kwayo minyaka yonke futhi olunye lungakwazi ukwanda, amandla okuthenga kufanele, emkhathizwe omude owanele, asuke kowokuqala aye kowesibili. Lesi akusona isibikezelo mayelana nenani. I-arithmetic yokushoda okuhlobene, umqondo ofanayo owenze insimbi etholakalayo engaguquki yaba luthi lokulinganisa lomcebo izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani akwazi ukuhlela ispredishithi ukuze enze okwengeziwe.
Ucwaningo lwe-Fidelity lubeka inombolo ekudonseni. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu ezungeze u-87% wokwehluka kwentengo ye-Bitcoin kuchazwa izinguquko ekunikezeni imali emhlabeni jikelele. I-Bitcoin iziphatha kancane njengesitokwe sobuchwepheshe futhi isifana nesipontshi semali encibilikisa amarandi akho. Ngikhipha okukuyo ukuthi i-Bitcoin empeleni iyini futhi uyihlole ngokumelene nezakhiwo zakudala zemali ku I-Bitcoin njengemali ezwakalayo.
Ngifuna ukwethembeka mayelana nokuhwebelana, ngoba ingxenye yokonga eyenza sengathi ayikho ayifanele ukuyifunda. I-Bitcoin ayiphathi njengediphozithi engaguquki endleleni. Ingehla ngo-30% ngekota futhi ikwenze izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Lokho kuntengantenga yinani lempahla ethola izinga layo emakethe evulekile engenalo ibhange eliphakathi elisheshisa indlela yokuhamba, yingakho ngigcizelela ukuthi wonke amaklayenti ayibambe emkhathizwe weminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi futhi angalokothi abe nemali angase ayidinge ebusika obuzayo. Isikhwama sakho sezimo eziphuthumayo sisengerandi, siyisicefe futhi sitholakala ngokushesha. Okuvikelwa yi-cap yezigidi ezingu-21 ingxenye yengcebo yakho ehloselwe ukuhlala ingakathintwa, ingxenye leyo i-akhawunti yokulondoloza intela buthule unyaka nonyaka kuyilapho izibiza ngokuthi iphephile.
Indlela esebenzayo ayilungile futhi yilo iphuzu. Inani elivamile lanyanga zonke, elithengwe ngayo yonke imizwa imakethe enayo, yakha isikhundla ngaphandle kwanoma ubani oshaya sengathi uyazi ukuthi ngenyanga ezayo iletha ini, futhi izinto ezinkulu ezibanjiwe zivikeleke ngendlela efanele kunokuba zishiywe ekuhwebeni.
Engingakutsheli ukuthi ukwenze ukuthi ukhiphe i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange kusasa. Iphuzu lincane futhi liwusizo kakhulu kunalokho. Cishe ubamba imali eningi kunesikhwama sakho sezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezinhlelo zakho zesikhashana ezidingekayo, futhi leyo nsalela ingxenye ekhokhiswa intela ngendlela engenhla ngenkathi ihlezi lapho izizwa inesibopho. Leyo nsalela yiyona okufanele ibe nempahla eyivelakancane. Bonke abanye bangahlala lapho ekhona.
Umlondolozi wase-George akudingeki abe usomnotho ukuze enze okuthile. Kudingeka aqaphele ukuthi i-akhawunti atshelwa ukuthi iphephile imdle iminyaka buthule, bese ehambisa ingxenye abengeke ayithinte entweni engenakuphrintwa. Leso isinqumo esincane kunalokho esizwakalayo futhi sikhulu kakhulu kunokungenzi lutho.
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe ukwanda kokunikezwa kwemali kubaluleke kangako kubalondolozi abajwayelekile?
Yebo. Umphumela uhlangana buthule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-akhawunti yokulondoloza ekhokha ngaphansi kwezinga okwenziwa ngalo imali ilahlekelwa amandla okuthenga unyaka nonyaka, ngisho noma ibhalansi esitatimendeni ikhuphuka. Iningi labantu baseNingizimu Afrika likubona lokhu njengokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo kunokuba inani lehle, okuyikhona kanye okwenza kube lula ukukuziba futhi kubize ukungaziba.
Ngabe lokhu kusho ukuthi irandi selizowa?
Cha, futhi ngingamethembi noma ubani okutshela ukuthi kunjalo. Ingxabano ayikona ukwehluleka okungazelelwe. Ukwehliswa kancane kancane, indlela yokumelana okuncane kukahulumeni ozindleko zakhe zokukhokhela izikweletu sezivele zithatha ngaphezu kwengxenye yesihlanu yemali yakhe engenayo. Izimali zingachitha iningi lamandla azo okuthenga phakathi namashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kosuku olulodwa olumangalisayo. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika sebevele baphila ngale ndlela kanye nerandi.
Kuthiwani ngamabhondi ahlobene nokwehla kwamandla emali?
Zivikela ngokumelene ne-CPI esemthethweni, ekala ubhasikidi wezimpahla zabathengi kunokukhula kokutholakala kwemali ngemuva kwayo. Lapho imali ebanzi ikhula ngokushesha kune-CPI ebikiwe, futhi ngokuvamile ikhula, ithuluzi elixhumene nokwehla kwamandla emali lisabambezela ukwanda kwezimali okuyisisekelo. Ikuvikela enombolweni eshicilelwe, hhayi into inombolo eyisithunzi sayo esisalele.
Kungani i-Bitcoin kunegolide?
Igolide selibambe amandla okuthenga amakhulu eminyaka futhi angilokothi ngikuchithe. I-Bitcoin igcina ukushoda kwegolide kodwa yengeza lokho igolide elingeke likunikeze isilondolozi: ungaqinisekisa okwakho kukhompuyutha evamile, ukuhlukanise kube izindawo eziyisishiyagalombili zamadesimali, ukuweqe umngcele cishe ihora futhi ukubambe ngaphandle komthengisi noma i-vault. Kumuntu waseNingizimu Afrika obhekene nezilawuli zokushintshisana kanye nemali ewohlokayo, lowo mehluko uyeka ukuba yimfundo.
Misa intela ethule ekongeni kwakho
I-SimplB isiza abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukuhambisa ingxenye engathinteki yomcebo wabo ku-Bitcoin ngendlela efanele, njengoMmeleli Wezomthetho we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).
Qala uhlelo lokonga