Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi We-Bitcoin: Ukuthi Kuyini nokuthi Kungani Kubalulekile

Ubufakazi bomsebenzi yisizathu sokuthi akekho ongaqamba amanga kunethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin. Iwumshini ovumela amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu abangabazi abangathembani lutho ngomunye nomunye ukuba bavumelane ngesethi eyodwa yama-akhawunti, ngaphandle kwebhange eliphakathi eligcina amaphuzu. Leso sivumelwano sibambe njalo ngemizuzu eyishumi kusukela ngoJanuwari 2009, ngokuphahlazeka nokugebenga kanye nohulumeni abanobutha, futhi asikaze nakanye sephulwe kungqimba lwephrothokholi. Lena yindlela esebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani ibamba.

Ubufakazi benkinga bomsebenzi wakhelwe ukuxazulula

Lonke uhlobo lwemali yedijithali ngaphambi kokuthi i-Bitcoin ingene odongeni olufanayo. Uhlamvu lwemali lwedijithali yifayela, futhi ifayela lingakopishwa. Manje-ke yini engivimbela ukuthi ngisebenzise uhlamvu lwemali olufanayo kabili, kanye nawe futhi kanye nomunye umuntu edolobheni lonke, kumasekhondi ngaphambi kokuthi noma ubani kini abone? Nikeza omunye u-R100 futhi awusenayo. Kopisha ifayela bese ugcina elokuqala. Lelo gebe libizwa ngenkinga yokuchitha kabili imali futhi lanqoba ababhali be-cryptographer ababukhali kakhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 phakathi namashumi eminyaka.

I-workaround yayihlala ifana. Faka iphathi ethembekile phakathi. Ibhange, inethiwekhi yamakhadi, indlu yokukhokha, umuntu ogcina incwadi eyodwa yeqiniso futhi enqaba ukuthi irandi lisetshenziswe kabili. Kuyasebenza. Yisizathu futhi isizathu sokuthi imali yakho ihambe ngesivinini sesikhungo sokufuna ubungozi, abantu baseNingizimu Afrika abasiqonda kangcono kunabaningi, njengoba bebukele amabhange emisa ama-akhawunti kuqala bese ebuza imibuzo ngemva kwalokho.

Ngaphansi kwenkinga yokusebenzisa imali ephindwe kabili kuhlezi endala futhi ejulile ososayensi bekhompyutha abayibiza ngokuthi Inkinga Yezikhulu ZaseByzantine. Iqembu labalingisi abazimele abangaboni ngasolinye futhi abangenasizathu sokuthembana livumelana kanjani ngohlelo olulodwa lwezenzakalo, kuyilapho abanye babo bengase baqambe amanga? Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka impendulo eqotho yayiwukuthi babengakwazi, ngaphandle kokuqoka unompempe wonke umuntu kwakufanele amethembe. Igalelo le-Satoshi Nakamoto, elashicilelwa ephepheni elinamakhasi ayisishiyagalolunye ngomhla zingama-31 kuMfumfu wezi-2008, bekuwukuxazulula leyo nkinga ngemali ngaphandle kokuqoka noma ubani. Umshini owenzayo uwubufakazi bomsebenzi.

Iqhinga kwakungelona i-cryptography ehlakaniphile yodwa. Kwakwenza ukungathembeki kubize ngaphezu kokwethembeka, unomphela, ukuze umhlanganyeli onengqondo adlale ngokuqondile hhayi ngenxa yobuhle kodwa ngenxa yezibalo.

Indlela umshini osebenza ngayo empeleni

Okwenziwayo okulinde ukuqinisekiswa kuqoqwa kubhlokhi. Ukwengeza lelo bhulokhi ochungechungeni, amakhompyutha abizwa ngokuthi abavukuzi ancintisana ukuze axazulule iphazili, futhi indida iyisiphukuphuku ngamabomu. Abukho ubuhlakani obusizayo. Umvukuzi uthatha idatha yebhulokhi, wengeze inombolo engahleliwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-nonce, futhi uqhuba yonke into ngomsebenzi wendlela eyodwa okuthiwa i-SHA-256 oguqula noma yikuphi okokufaka kube uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu ezigxilile. Umthetho uthi okukhiphayo kufanele kube ngaphansi kwethagethi ethile, okusho ukuthi kufanele kuqale ngokugijima koziro abaholayo. Awukwazi ukucabanga indlela yakho eya ku-nonce ewinile. Ungakwazi ukuqagela kuphela, ulahle, bese uqagela futhi, izikhathi eziyizigidigidi ngomzuzwana, kuze kufike ukuqagela okukodwa. Lokho kugaya okunamandla kuwumsebenzi wokufakazela umsebenzi, futhi kushisa ugesi wangempela ngamabomu.

Umvukuzi wokuqala othole i-nonce evumelekile uyimemezela kuwo wonke umuntu.

Nansi i-asymmetry eyenza umklamo wonke ulenga ndawonye. Ukuthola impendulo kudinga umzamo omkhulu, kodwa ukuyihlola akudingi lutho. Noma iyiphi i-node kunethiwekhi iqinisekisa ibhulokhi exazululiwe ngokushesha, indlela ongabheka ngayo i-sudoku eqediwe ngemizuzwana nakuba ukuyixazulula kuthathe ihora. Umvukuzi owinile uqoqa i-bitcoin esanda kukhishwa kanye nezimali ezikhokhwayo ezivela ekuthengiseni ku-Ibhulokhi, futhi inethiwekhi iqhubekela emzuliswaneni olandelayo.

Bese kuba ne-metronome. I-Bitcoin ibhalwe ukuthi ikhiqize ibhulokhi cishe njalo ngemizuzu eyishumi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mingaki imishini ejoyina ukuzingela. Ibamba leso sivinini ngokulungisa ubunzima: njalo emabhuloki angu-2,016, asebenza cishe amasonto amabili, inethiwekhi ihlola ukuthi lawo mabhulokhi athathe isikhathi esingakanani ngempela. Uma zifike ngokushesha kunezinsuku eziyishumi nane, indida iba nzima, kudingeka amaziro aholayo ngaphezulu. Uma ihamba kancane, iyancipha. Akekho ophethe lokhu. Alikho ikomiti elihlanganayo. Amandla ekhompiyutha engeziwe athenga inethiwekhi evikeleke kakhudlwana, akulokothi kube isikhukhula esisheshayo sezinhlamvu zemali ezintsha, futhi ngiyachaza ukuthi lelo shejuli elungisiwe yenzani ekunikezeni ucezu ku. I-Bitcoin njengemali ezwakalayo.

Isiqephu sokugcina iketango ngokwalo. Ibhulokhi ngayinye iphethe izigxivizo zeminwe zebhulokhi ngaphambi kwayo, ngakho-ke amabhulokhi axhunyaniswa ngokulandelana, okukodwa kuya ngokulandelayo. Shintsha okwenziwayo okukodwa okudala kanye nezigxivizo zeminwe zebhulokhi yakho, ephula ibhlokhi ngemva kwayo, ehlephula enye ngemva kwalokho, kuze kube manje. Ukuze ubhale kabusha umlando kuzomele wenze kabusha ubufakazi bomsebenzi walelo bhulokhi futhi yonke ibhulokhi kusukela, ngokushesha ukwedlula yonke inethiwekhi ethembekile ibeka phansi amasha. Uma umsebenzi uqhubeka uhlehla, umjaho uphelelwa ithemba, ngoba amathuba okuthi umhlaseli ongasheshi abambe iqhaza ancipha ngawo wonke amabhlogo inethiwekhi ethembekile eyengezayo. Yilokho abantu abakushoyo ngokungaguquki.

Kungani amandla kuyiphuzu, hhayi inkinga

Abantu babheka isikweletu sikagesi seBitcoin futhi babone imfucuza. Ngiyawuqonda umzwelo wemvelo futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ithola umqondo emuva ncamashi. Amandla awakhokhi ukucubungula okwenziwayo ngendlela okuswayipha ngayo ikhadi. Amandla yiwona enza i-Ileja ingenzeki. Kuyizindleko ezingokomzimba eziqinisa irekhodi ledijithali emhlabeni wangempela, futhi inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin engachithanga lutho ukuze izivikele ngeke izuze lutho ukuyivikela.

Cabanga ngegolide. Isizathu sokuthi uhlamvu lwegolide lumelane nokwenza umgunyathi ukuthi igolide langempela libiza ukumba liphume emhlabathini, ngakho ukulikhohlisa ngokugculisayo kubiza cishe into yangempela. I-Bitcoin iphinda idale leyo mpahla ku-software. Ukwenza amarekhodi awo kubiza kakhulu njengokuwakhiqiza ngokwethembeka, ngoba womabili adinga ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko zikagesi ngesihluku esifanayo, futhi akukho ubuhlakani obutholwayo mayelana nesikweletu. Yilokho umcwaningi wezokuphepha angakubiza ngokuthi izindleko ezingenakulibaleka, futhi iyinqaba yonke.

Okunye okufanele ukwazi ukuthi ugesi uvelaphi. Abavukuzi bayindawo-agnostic, okusho ukuthi bazosebenzisa imishini yabo nomaphi lapho amandla eshibhe kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi lapho abantu behlala khona, futhi amandla ashibhile ngokuvamile amandla okungekho omunye umuntu ongawasebenzisa. I-hydro ene-stranded ezigodini ezikude. Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile okuvela emapulazini omoya kanye nelanga angenayo indawo yokuyithumela. Igesi yemvelo lemithombo kawoyela iphumela esibhakabhakeni ngoba ukuyikhipha kubiza ngaphezu kwalokho ekufanele. Imayini ingavula futhi ivale ngokuphazima kweso, okuyiguqule ibe umthengi wecebo lokugcina lamandla abengalahlwa ngaphandle kwalokho, futhi ngingena kuleyo datha ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni esithi. lokho okubonisa idatha yamandla. Ama-chips akhethekile enza i-hashing, abizwa ngama-ASIC, akhelwe lo msebenzi owodwa hhayi okunye, okuyingxenye yokuthi kungani i-hardware ikhona ukuze kuvikeleke i-Bitcoin kuphela futhi ayikwazi ukuphinda iphinde ibuyiselwe buthule.

Amanye amanethiwekhi akhethe indlela ehlukile, ekhetha iziqinisekisi zawo ngokuthi zingaki izinhlamvu zemali aseziphethe kunokuba asebenzise amandla angakanani. Lokho kusebenzisa ugesi omncane kakhulu. Iphinde ishintshe izindleko ongazilinganisa emhlabeni wenyama kulowo ohlala ngaphakathi kuphela ohlelweni, futhi engakaqedi iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa ehlaselwa yiwo wonke umuntu ngesizathu sokuzama.

Yeka ukuhlasela okungamaphesenti angu-51 okwakuzothatha ngempela

Indlela ecatshangelwayo yokuphula i-Bitcoin ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlasela kwamaphesenti angu-51. Lawula ngaphezu kwesigamu samandla ekhompuyutha enethiwekhi, ugijimele abavukuzi abathembekile, futhi ngokomthetho ungakwazi ukuhlehlisa owakho wakamuva ukuthenga futhi usebenzise izinhlamvu zemali ezifanayo kabili.

Manje kubiza. Inethiwekhi njengamanje isebenza ngokuthile nge-oda le-800 quintillion yokusebenza kwe-hashing umzuzwana ngamunye, inani elenza amandla ekhompuyutha ahlanganisiwe ezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezinkulu emhlabeni kanye namakhompiyutha amakhulu ehlanganiswe. Ukuze uyishaye uzodinga ukuthenga noma ukwakha i-Hardware ye-ASIC engaphezu kweplanethi yonke ehlanganisiwe, uvikele ugesi ukuze uyisebenzise, futhi wenze konke lokho obala, ngoba umsebenzi wokuthenga kuleso sikali awukwazi ukufihlwa. Umthethosivivinywa ufinyelela ezigidini zamarandi futhi ukwakhiwa kuqhubeka iminyaka. Asikho isinqamuleli futhi ayikho ikhodi yokukhohlisa.

Ezomnotho ziba zimbi lapho uphumelela. I-Bitcoin inenani ngokunembile ngoba ileja ayikwazi ukuphazanyiswa, ngakho-ke ngokuphazima kweso ubonise ukuthi ingakwazi, intengo izokwehla ibe yize futhi izinhlamvu zemali osebenzise izigidigidi ukuze uyeba ngeke zibe yize. Abavukuzi abathembekile bangamane bafohle iketango ngaphambi nje kokuhlasela kwakho futhi baqhubeke, bakushiye ubambe imishini ephukile kanye nempahla efile. Ubungasebenzisa imali eningi ukucekela phansi into eyodwa eyenza lelitshe likufanele ukuhlasela.

Lona ubuhlakani obuthule bomklamo. Ayilokothi ibuze abavukuzi ukuthi baziphathe kahle. Kwenza ukudlala ngemithetho kube nenzuzo enkulu kunokuyephula, ukuze ngisho nomlingisi omubi oxhaswe kahle enze izibalo nezimayini ngokwethembeka, enezele ezokuphepha esikhundleni sokususa kuzo.

Iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, akukho nesisodwa ibhlokhi eyakhiwe

Inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin yobufakazi bomsebenzi iqhube ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ebhulokhini lokuqala ngoJanuwari 2009. Kuso sonke leso sikhathi umthetho olandelwayo awukaze uhlaselwe ngempumelelo kungqimba lokuvumelana. Hhayi kanye. Konke okwenziwayo okuke kwaqinisekiswa kuhlale kuqinisekisiwe, ngo-2021 okuqhubekisele phambili inani lenethiwekhi ladlula amadola ayizigidi eziyisigidi futhi kwanikeza umhlaba wonke izizathu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zokuyiphula.

Setha lokho ngokumelene nerekhodi lezinhlelo esitshelwa ukuthi sizithembe. Amabhange ayagqekezwa. Amaphrosesa okukhokha ayavuza. Ukuhwebelana kuyaphangwa. Izikhungo ezakhelwe phezu kokwethenjwa zinerekhodi elibi kwezokuphepha kunenethiwekhi engenabaholi engathembi lutho ngaphandle kwezibalo nogesi.

Okuye kwahluleka, kaningi, wukuzungeza i-Bitcoin esikhundleni se-Bitcoin uqobo. I-Mt Gox ilahlekelwe imali elinganiselwa ku-850,000 ngo-2014 futhi bekungeyona ukwehluleka kwephrothokholi. Kwakuyinkampani eyayiphethe i-bitcoin yabanye abantu futhi iqhuba ukuphepha kwayo kabi. Izinhlamvu zemali zazikhona ku-Uchungechunge lwamabhulokhi ngaphambi kokuwa nangemva kwayo. Okwaphuka kwakuyizincwadi zokushintshana, futhi ngidweba lowo mugqa ngokucophelela lokho okugetshengiwe nokungagetshengwanga. Ukusola i-Bitcoin nge-Mt Gox kufana nokusola irandi ngoba igatsha liye lagetshengwa.

Lowo mehluko awukona okwemfundo kimina. Kuyisizathu sokuthi ngisuse amakhasimende ekushintshanisweni ngiwafake kokhiye abalawulayo.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu uma empeleni ubambe i-Bitcoin

Ukuqonda ubufakazi bomsebenzi kushintsha lokho ocabanga ukuthi kungokwakho. Ihlela kabusha lokho okushiwo ubunikazi. I-Bitcoin ayiyona inkampani enebhodi elingabanjwa, ithimba labaphathi elingafumbathiswa noma isisekelo esingaxhaswa futhi sicindezelwe kuze kube yilapho imithetho igoba. Imithetho yayo isetshenziswa amashumi ezinkulungwane zemishini ezimele abanikazi bayo abanemali kulayini futhi ayikho indlela yokuzuza ngokukopela. Lolo uhlobo oluhluke kakhulu lokuqina kunoma yini ese-Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), futhi yingxenye enkulu yokuthi kungani ngiphatha i-Bitcoin njengento ethatha isikhathi eside kune-trade, icala engilenza ngokugcwele. I-Bitcoin njengethango.

Imodeli yezokuphepha iyona futhi enika u-21 million amazinyo ayo. Umkhawulo wokuhlinzeka ubiza noma yini kuphela uma uhlelo oluwuphoqelelayo lungenakunqotshwa amandla, futhi ubufakazi bomsebenzi yibo obenza ukuwunqoba kube umgwaqo wamabhiliyoni ongayi ndawo. Khipha amandla bese ikepisi libe isiphakamiso. Kugcine ngaphakathi futhi ikepisi liba yiqiniso, lisekelwa iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa yomsebenzi oqoqwe okungekho noyedwa owake wakwazi ukukuhlehlisa. Ungumnikazi we-bitcoin eyodwa futhi ungumnikazi wezigidi ezingu-21 zayo yonke into, kulo nyaka nonyaka ngemva kwalokho, futhi akukho okufushane kwe-physics okungakukhulula kulelo sabelo.

Uma ufuna ukuthi leso siqiniseko sihlale ezandleni zakho kunokuhlala eshidini lokushintshana lothile, lowo ngumsebenzi engiwenzayo. Bhukha ikholi yesakhiwo seBitcoin futhi sizoyimisa kahle.