Ukuphepha kwe-Bitcoin: Okukhona Nokungakaze Kugqekezwe

I-Umthetho olandelwayo we-Bitcoin ye-Bitcoin ayikaze igqekezwe. Hhayi kanye eminyakeni eyishumi nesithupha, ngokusebenzisa amabhulokhi angaphezu kuka-880,000 nakho konke ukuphahlazeka nohulumeni onobutha abaphonswa kukho. Okuphangiwe, ngokuphindaphindiwe, i-scaffolding yabantu eyakhiwe nxazonke: ukuhwebelana kanye nezikhwama zokunganaki. Ngenkathi iMt Gox iwa ngo-2014 futhi cishe i-850,000 Bitcoin yanyamalala, izihloko zezindaba zathi i-Bitcoin yagqekezwa. Kwakungenjalo. Kwaba yinkampani. Lowo mehluko owodwa unquma ukuthi i-Bitcoin yakho iphephile yini, futhi iyona nto engichitha isikhathi sami esiningi ngichazela amakhasimende.

Iningi lamazwana omphakathi athola lokhu emuva. Ibeka ngokweqile ubungozi obukhona kumthethonqubo, osekusondele u-nil, futhi ibubeka phansi ubungozi emabhizinisini, okuyilapho cishe lonke irandi selilahlekele khona.

Iyini inethiwekhi empeleni, nokuthi kungani ibambe

I-Bitcoin Uchungechunge lwamabhulokhi iyirekhodi lomphakathi lakho konke ukuthengiselana okwake kwenziwa. Ayigcinwa kuseva ndawo ndawo. Ibanjwa ngesikhathi esisodwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhompiyutha azimele, abizwa ngokuthi ama-node, asebenza emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu, ngalinye liphethe ikhophi egcwele yomlando futhi ngalinye lihlola ibhulokhi entsha ngokumelene nemithetho ngokwayo. Awekho amahhovisi amakhulu okugasela kuwo, awukho umshini omkhulu oshintshwayo futhi awukho umshini owodwa ukwehluleka kwawo kwehlisa okunye. Ukonakalisa irekhodi kuzomele uwonakalise wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, yonke indawo, ngokuphazima kweso.

Lolo uhlobo lwenqaba oluyinqaba, futhi kufanelekile ukuhlala nalo isikhashana.

Isibambiso sincike ezintweni ezimbili ezisebenzisanayo. Eyokuqala i-cryptography. I-Bitcoin isebenzisa i-SHA-256, i-algorithm ye-hashing eyaphuma ku-American National Security Agency, futhi izinombolo ezihilelekile ziyeka ukuba enembile ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuqagela ukhiye othile oyimfihlo ngenhlanhla cishe amathuba okuthi ukhethe inombolo eyodwa ngqo kububanzi obunamadijithi angu-78. Ngokwesilinganiso, ibhiliyoni linamadijithi ayishumi. Ngeke ukhubeke kokhiye bomuntu, kanjalo ne-supercomputer.

Okwesibili amandla ekhompuyutha aluhlaza. Ukuze ubhale kabusha umsebenzi oqinisekisiwe umhlaseli uzodinga ukukhipha imisipha engaphezu kwesigamu senethiwekhi ngesikhathi esisodwa, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlasela okungu-51%. Inethiwekhi okwamanje isebenzisa imisebenzi ye-hashing engaphezu kuka-800 quintillion njalo ngomzuzwana, inani elincanyana amandla ahlangene ezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezinkulu emhlabeni kanye nawo wonke amakhompyutha amakhulu emhlabeni ehlanganiswa. Abantu abakhathazeka ngalokhu ngokuvamile bafanekisela isimo esikhohlakele. Qalisa izinombolo futhi ngisho nomzamo ohlangene wohulumeni abakhulu emhlabeni uzosilela ku-hardware edingekayo, ungakhathazeki ukuthi iningi labo lizohlaselana ngokushesha. Ngachaza ukuthi kungani lokho kuhlasela kuwumgwaqo ongangeni ndawo ubufakazi bomsebenzi buchazwe. Inguqulo emfushane ukuthi izobiza izigidigidi, ithathe ishumi leminyaka lokuthenga okubonakalayo ngaphandle kwesinqamuleli futhi kungenakhodi yokukhohlisa, futhi ngesikhathi iphumelele intengo izokwehla futhi ishiye umhlaseli ebambe imishini ephihliziwe kanye nempahla engenamsebenzi. Umklamo awuceli muntu ukuba athembeke. Kwenza ukwethembeka kube umnyakazo onenzuzo kuphela.

Ngakho-ke ukuhlaselwa kuka-51% akukaze kwenzeke. U-Ethereum no-Solana bobabili babahluphe kumanethiwekhi abo amancane. I-Bitcoin ayinayo, futhi esikalini sayo samanje akuyona usongo oluthembekile.

Yini ngempela ephangiwe

I-Mt Gox ayizange ihluleke ngoba othile wephula i-Bitcoin. Yehlulekile ngenxa yokuthi ukushintshana kwe-Tokyo okwathi lapho kufinyelela phezulu kwaphatha cishe ama-70% azo zonke izihwebo ze-Bitcoin kwaqhuba ukuphepha kwayo ngendlela eyinhlekelele futhi, ngamanye ama-akhawunti, bekudonswa ngaphakathi iminyaka. Izinhlamvu zemali ezingaba ngu-850,000 zithathwe kumawallet okushintshana. I-Uchungechunge lwamabhulokhi ilokhu ikhiqiza ibhulokhi njalo ngemizuzu eyishumi yonke, futhi isaphethe irekhodi eliphelele lazo zonke lezo zinhlamvu zemali ezihambayo. Abakweletwayo balinde iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukuze bakhokhe ingxenye, iningi labo kudala likholelwa ukuthi imali ikhona.

I-Mt Gox bekungeyona eyokuqala futhi engekho eduze neyokugcina. Abaduni bathatha izinhlamvu zemali ezingu-24,000 ku-Bitfloor ngo-2012 kanye ne-19,000 ku-Bitstamp ngo-2015. I-Bitfinex ilahlekelwe cishe kuzinhlamvu zemali ze-120,000 ngo-2016 naphezu kokuqhuba ilungiselelo le-multisignature nomuntu wesithathu. I-FTX ngoNovemba 2022 yayingelona iphutha kunoma yimuphi umqondo wezobuchwepheshe nhlobo. Imali yeklayenti yayingekho nje. Yayichithiwe futhi yagembula abantu abaqhuba lo kushintshana, okuwukukhwabanisa kohlobo oludala kakhulu olugqoke uphawu olusha. Iphethini nayo ayizange ihambe. I-Bybit yabhekana nokwebiwa okukhulu kakhulu kokushintshisana okukodwa okurekhodiwe ngo-2025.

Konke kwalokhu kwakuyisikhungo esihlulekayo. Izilawuli zangaphakathi ezibuthakathaka, ukunciphisa izindleko kwezokuphepha, noma isisebenzisi esiphatha izinhlamvu zemali zabanye abantu njengezakhe. Akukho nokukodwa kwakho okuthinte umthetho olandelwayo. Njengoba omunye umlobi akubeka, ukucabanga ukuthi ukushintshana okugqekeziwe kusho ukuthi i-Bitcoin ngokwayo isengozini kufana nokucabanga ukuthi othile ogqekeza ebhange lakho manje ulawula wonke amadola akhona. Akunangqondo ebusweni bayo, nokho isimangalo senziwa njalo.

INingizimu Afrika inombhalo wayo ebhukwini

Awudingi ukulandela imibiko yenkantolo yase-Tokyo ukuze ufunde lesi sifundo. Kufundiswa lapha ngerandi.

Uhlelo lwe-BHI Trust luthathe imali elinganiselwa ku-R2.9 billion kubantu baseNingizimu Afrika futhi lwakhokhela abatshalizimali abadala ngamadiphozithi amasha kanti owesilisa ophezu kwalo wayexhasa ngeyakhe indlela yokuphila, uPonzi oqondile ogqoke njengendlu yokutshala imali. Eceleni kokukhwabanisa okusobala manje sekunegagasi lomkhonyovu ojulile umlawuli awuhlabe umkhosi, lapho amavidiyo aqanjiwe elingisa abantu bangempela nezinkundla zangempela, akumema ukuthi ufake idiphozi bese uyanyamalala. Abantu bavulele ozakwethu amacala obugebengu amagama abo antshontshiwe asetshenziswa njengesiyengo. Intambo evamile kuyo yonke iyafana ne-Mt Gox: imali enikezwa umuntu wesithathu owayengeyona into eyayibonakala. I-Bitcoin ebanjwe ngokhiye bakho ihlala ngaphandle kwazo zonke lezo zindlela zokwehluleka.

Umehluko empeleni onquma ubungozi bakho

Dweba umugqa ngokucacile futhi yonke into ezansi nomfula iba lula.

Uma ubamba i-Bitcoin ekuhwebeni, awubambi ngempela i-Bitcoin. Ubambe iqhaza kusizindalwazi senkampani futhi, ngokwemibandela esemthethweni, ungumkweletisi ongavikelekile waleyo nkampani. Ingozi yakho ukukhokha kwabo, ukulawula kwabo kwangaphakathi kanye nokwethembeka kwabantu abaphethe indawo. Izinhlamvu zemali zakho zihlala ziphephile njengendawo ebuthakathaka yaleyo nkampani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrothokholi engezansi iqine kangakanani. Uma okuthile kungahambi kahle ibhalansi kuhlelo lokusebenza ihlala injalo kuze kube yilapho iba yize.

Uma uzibambele wena okhiye, ingcuphe yokushintshisana iyehla ibe ziro. Akekho ongakuqanda, akekho ongakuboleka izinhlamvu zemali ngemuva kwakho futhi akukho ukuwa eTokyo noma eBahamas okungafinyelela kuwe. Okushintshayo ukuthi ingozi idlulela emahlombe akho. Ukuthi ibinzana lakho lembewu libhalwa phansi futhi lilondolozwe kuso sonke isikrini, noma ngabe i-wallet yehadiwe ivele iyiqiniso kumkhiqizi kunokuba iphazanyiswe kokuthunyelwe, noma ngabe unekhophi yasenqolobaneni ehloliwe nokuthi ungakwazi yini ukubona umlayezo wobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ngaphambi kokuwuchofoza. Lezo ziba yinkinga yakho, futhi ziyizinkinga ezixazululeka, kodwa zingezakho.

Hhayi okhiye bakho, hhayi izinhlamvu zemali zakho. Ibuthuntu futhi ilungile impela.

Ukuzigcina ngokwakho kususa owakwakho futhi kukunikeze umthwalo wemfanelo

Bamba okhiye bakho endaweni ebandayo efanelekile, isikhwama semali esigcinwe ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nembewu egcinwe endaweni ethile ehlukene, futhi uba ukuphela komuntu emhlabeni ongasusa leyo Bitcoin. Akukho ukwephulwa kokuhwebelana noma kuphi emhlabeni okuthintayo. Akekho umbolekisi obeka kabusha ngokuthula izinhlamvu zemali zakho ukuze asekele ishidi lakhe lebhalansi. Asikho isilawuli esimisa inkundla obuthembele kuyo. Yilokho okukhangayo, futhi kunoma ubani obukele ibhange laseNingizimu Afrika livala i-akhawunti kuqala bese libuza imibuzo kamuva, akusona isikhalo esididayo. Ngihamba nge-practical mechanics ukuzimela eNingizimu Afrika, futhi ngiqhathanisa amamodeli amabili ngokuqondile ukuzibophezela ngokumelene nelungelo lokushintshisana.

Intengo yaleyo nkululeko ukuthi akekho ongamfonela. Lahla ukhiye wakho okuwukuphela kwawo ngaphandle kwekhophi yasenqolobaneni futhi i-Bitcoin isihambile unomphela, asikho isikhalazo. Inethiwekhi ayikwazi ukuthi ungubani futhi ayinandaba. Lokhu akulona iphutha umuntu akhohlwe ukulilungisa. Yimpahla efanayo ezinhlangothini ezimbili: isizathu sokuthi akekho ongakwazi ukuthatha izinhlamvu zemali zakho yisizathu sokuthi akekho ongakubuyisela zona, futhi noma yiluphi uhlelo olungeze umnyango ongemuva wokubuyisela ngabe lwengeze indlela yokungena kuwo wonke umuntu.

Kungakho ukwehluleka kokuzibamba cishe konke kuzenzela wena futhi cishe konke kugwemeka. Abantu bagcina umushwana wembewu kunothi lefu noma esithombeni, akukho lapho abangalenzi khona isipele, noma bachofoze isixhumanisi emlayezweni oklanyelwe ukubukeka ujwayelekile. Iqembu likaLazarus lidume ngokukhipha isamba esikhulu kuphrojekthi yemidlalo lingasebenzisanga lutho oluxakile kunengxoxo yomsebenzi mbumbulu eyafaka uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha elungile. Akukho kulokhu okuwubuthakathaka be-Bitcoin. Kuwubuthakathaka besiyalo, futhi isiyalo singafundiswa futhi sihlolwe, okuyikhona okuningi engikwenzayo lapho ngihlezi neklayenti ngokusetha kokuqala.

Okwenziwa abanikazi abakhulu nezikhungo esikhundleni salokho

Ukhiye owodwa unesici esisodwa esithembekile. Kuyiphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka, futhi ukubamba okunengqondo okungaphezu kokuphumula ocingweni olulodwa naseqenjini elilodwa lephepha.

Impendulo yi-multisignature. Okhiye abambalwa, abakhiqizwe ngokuhlukene futhi bagcinwa ngokuhlukana, ngomthetho wokuthi noma yikuphi okwenziwayo kudinga umkhawulo wabo ngaphambi kokuthi kuhambe, ngokuvamile ababili kwabathathu. Lahla ukhiye owodwa wokudubula noma ukweba noma ukukhohlwa kalula futhi i-Bitcoin isaphephile futhi isasebenziseka nezinye ezimbili. Ayikho idivayisi eyodwa, futhi akekho umuntu oyedwa, ongenza yedwa. Leso sakhiwo yiso esiguqula abaphathi ababalulekile basuke ekuqageleni okudabukisayo babenze okuthile isikhungo esingabusa, ngenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuthi ukugunyazwa kuqoshwa ochungechungeni ngokwalo njengendlela yokucwaningwa kwamabhuku esikhundleni sokungcwatshwa kusizindalwazi sangasese senkampani ethile. Ngifaka indlela eyakhiwe ngayo ukugcinwa kweBitcoin kwamasignesha amaningi.

I-SimplB Vault yileso simiso esisesimweni esiphethwe. Uphethe okhiye ababili kumadivayisi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, ngalinye linesipele salo sensimbi, futhi ngibambe okwesithathu kudivayisi enesikhala somoya ukuze ngiphinde ngithole futhi ngizuze ifa. Ngoba ubambe iningi ungakwazi njalo transact ngaphandle kwami, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ngibambe ukhiye owodwa kuphela angikwazi ukuhambisa Bitcoin yakho yedwa. Kunenzuzo ethule yaseNingizimu Afrika nalokhu. Uma ubambe okhiye abaningi endaweni, impahla ilawulwa ngokusemthethweni lapha, okuvumela inkampani ukuthi ivikele i-Bitcoin ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokuya eBhange Londolo ukuze ithole imvume yokuyikhipha ngaphandle. Lelo akulona iphuzu elincane kunoma ubani onesisindo sokugcinwa kwasolwandle ngokumelene nokulawula ekhaya.

Ukufunda ubungozi ngendlela efanele nxazonke

Abantu abalahlekelwe yimali eMt Gox babengezona izisulu ze-Bitcoin ephukile. Babeyizisulu zebhizinisi elaliphethwe kabi elalibambe izinhlamvu zabo zemali. Abantu abalahlekelwe yimali ku-FTX babeyizisulu zokukhwabanisa ngabantu ngamagama. Kuzo zombili izimo umthetho olandelwayo wenze lokho kanye obekubhalwe ukuthi ukwenze, ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwesigqi esigejiwe.

Setha irekhodi le-Bitcoin ngokumelene nezinhlelo esitshelwa ukuthi sizithembe esikhundleni salokho. Amabhange aphulwa, ama-processor amakhadi ayavuza futhi ukuhwebelana kuyaphangwa ngokujwayelekile. Ukulahlekelwa kwehlela kumakhasimende ajwayelekile angavamile ukubona ukwehluleka kuza kuze kube yilapho imali isihambile. Inethiwekhi engenabaholi engathembi lutho ngaphandle kwezibalo nogesi inerekhodi elingcono ngokuphawulekayo lokuvikeleka kunabaxhumanisi abakhelwe phezu kwayo, okuphambene nendaba abantu abaningi abayithwele emakhanda abo.

Ngakho isifinyezo esiqotho sifushane. Iphrothokholi icishe ivikeleke njenganoma yini abantu abayakhile. Yonke into enobungozi ihlala isendlalelo esiphakathi kwakho nayo, futhi leso sendlalelo yisona ongasikhetha. Ukuthi i-Bitcoin yakho iphephile akuwona yini umbuzo mayelana ne-Bitcoin. Kungumbuzo mayelana nokuthi unquma ukuyigcina kuphi, futhi leso sinqumo ngesakho ukuthi ulunge.