I-Bitcoin Intro: Kungani Nomlando Wemali

Imali ayiyona into esungulwe nguhulumeni futhi inikezwe wena. Iwubuchwepheshe izimakethe ezitholwe kancane kancane, zikhetha okuhle okudayiswa kakhulu okutholakala enkathini ngayinye, futhi buye bashintshwa buthule izikhathi ezimbalwa lapho kufika okungcono. Qonda ukuthi umlando kanye ne-Bitcoin iyeka ukubukeka njengelukuluku le-inthanethi futhi iqala ukubukeka njengokufakwayo okulandelayo ohlwini oludala kakhulu. Lesi ucezu engilunikeza amaklayenti okuqala, ngaphambi kokuthi sikhulume ngenani noma ilungelo lokugcina, ngoba konke okunye kulandela ukuthi iyini imali ngempela.

Imali eyani empeleni

Qala ngenkinga imali eyixazululayo, ngoba izakhiwo ziyawa kuyo.

Ngaphambi kwemali kwakukhona ukuhwebelana, futhi i-barter inobuthakathaka obubodwa obubulalayo ukuthi zonke izifundo zezomnotho zifinyelele kuzo ngosuku lokuqala. Umlimi onokusanhlamvu okusalile udinga uphahla olusha. Umtjali ufuna imbuzi. Umlimi akanayo imbuzi. Manje abantu abathathu kufanele bafune izinto ezintathu ezihlukene ngenani elifanele ntambama efanayo, futhi isikhathi esiningi abafuni, ngakho ukuhweba kumane kwehluleka futhi wonke umuntu uya ekhaya empofu kunalokho obekungenzeka. Izazi zezomnotho zikubiza lokhu ngokuqondana kwezidingo, futhi akukhona ukungqubuzana okuncane. Kuwudonga. Kuhlanganisa ukuthi umnotho ungaba yinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, ngoba kudlule iphuzu elithile akukho uchungechunge lwama-swaps olungaqoqwa ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuba lubaluleke. Imali iyithuluzi elibhidliza udonga. Iyona nto enhle wonke umuntu ayamukela hhayi ngoba ezifunela yona kodwa ngoba azi ukuthi nomuntu olandelayo uzokwamukela, okusho ukuthi utshani uyaluthatha kumlimi namuhla alunikeze imbuzi ngesonto elizayo ngaphandle kokuhwebelana adinge omunye afole.

Kulowo msebenzi owodwa kuvela imisebenzi emithathu ozoyibona kunoma iyiphi incwadi. Imali iwukuhwebelana, into oyidlula ekhawuntani. Kuyiyunithi ye-akhawunti, irula obiza ngakho konke okunye ngokumelene nalo ukuze isinkwa nokugunda izinwele kuqhathaniswe nhlobo. Futhi iyisitolo senani, umkhumbi othwala umsebenzi owenze ngoMsombuluko uze uwuchithe ngoJuni.

Umsebenzi wesithathu yilowo ophuka buthule, futhi yiwona abantu abaningi abangacabangi ukuwuhlola.

Isitolo esihle senani kufanele siphile isikhathi ngaphandle kokuvuza. U-Carl Menger, ebhala ngemvelaphi yemali ngo-1892, wanikeza indawo engaphansi igama layo: ukudayiswa, ukuhwebelana okulula kwakho konke okunye phakathi nesikhathi, ibanga kanye nenani. Okuhle okuhweba kakhulu, emkhathizwe omude kakhulu kanye nobubanzi obubanzi bosayizi, kuwina umsebenzi. Akekho owanquma igolide kuleyo ndima. Izimakethe zizwe kahle ngendlela yazo, zilahla umuntu ngamunye lapho kuvela ongcono.

Kungani igolide liphumelele futhi libanjwe iminyaka eyinkulungwane

Izinkomo, usawoti, amagobolondo e-cowrie, ubuhlalu bezingilazi, amadiski amakhulu e-limestone esiqhingini sasePacific: zonke ziye zasebenza njengemali ndawana thize, futhi zonke zasebenza isikhathi eside njengoba zazihlala kanzima ukuze zikhiqize. Leyo yiphethini okufanele ubambelele kuyo. Ngayinye yalezi zimali yabhidlika ngesikhathi kufika umuntu onobuchwepheshe ukuze enze enye ngeshibhile, ngaleso sikhathi abantu ababeyiphethe banikeza imali yabo ababeyilondolozile, ukuhweba ngohwebo, kunoma ubani owayephethe into entsha. Ubuhlalu bengilazi base-Afrika buyikesi lezincwadi zokufunda. Zaziyivelakancane futhi ziyigugu eNtshonalanga Afrika ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, kwaze kwaba yilapho abahwebi baseYurophu ababengazenza ngomgqomo bebona ukuthi babengazithenga izimpahla zangempela ngokuthile okwakungabalahlekiseli lutho ngokuzikhiqiza.

Igolide lasinda kulokho kuhlolwa lapho zonke ezinye izinto zehluleka khona, futhi lasinda kukho ngesizathu esisodwa esingathandeki.

Kunzima ngempela ukumba uphume emhlabathini, futhi akukho silinganiso sokufuna okwengeziwe esishintsha ngokushesha lokho. Igolide aligqwali futhi aliboli, ngakho uhlamvu lwemali olugqitshwe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili luphuma enhlabathini lulingana nosuku olwashaywa ngalo. Iyancibilika futhi ihlukaniseke kahle, ngakho yona le nsimbi ekhokhela isikweletu sombuso nayo ikhokha umholo wosuku. I-ounce eyodwa iyafana nanoma iyiphi enye, okuyilokho okushiwo i-fungible ekusebenzeni. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukunikezwa kwayo kukhula cishe kumaphesenti angu-1 nengxenye kuya kwamabili kuphela ngonyaka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi intengo ikhuphuka kanjani, ngoba insimbi elula yambiwa emakhulwini eminyaka edlule. Leyo mpahla yokugcina, ubunzima bokukhiqiza, kwakuyisiyalo sonke. Kwakusho ukuthi ayikho inkosi eyayingahlanganisa ingcebo ngomthetho. Kwakumele ayowuthola.

Igolide langena emkhawulweni owodwa wangempela, futhi kufanelekile ukuqanjwa ngoba i-Bitcoin yakhelwe ukuyiphendula. Insimbi inzima futhi kuyingozi ukuhamba. Ngakho-ke abantu baqala ukushiya igolide endaweni engaphansi futhi baphathe izimangalo zephepha kulo, futhi isikhathi esithile iphepha lalilingana negolide ngoba lalithengeka ngesisindo esingashintshi lapho lifunwa. Lokho kusebenze kahle inqobo nje uma isikhungo esikhipha iphepha singasaphrinti amanothi engeziwe njengoba siphethe insimbi. Ihange lalibambe lonke uhlelo ngokwethembeka. Kwabe sekusikwa ihange.

August 1971 nokuthi yayibiza malini

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili uhlelo lwe-Bretton Woods lwafaka izimali ezinkulu kudola laseMelika, futhi idola lilodwa lahlala lihlengeka ngegolide ngamadola angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu iwunsi. Ngakho-ke irandi ngalinye elijikelezayo lalimile ebangeni elingaguquki uma lingaqondile ukusuka ensimbi evault. Uhlelo lwalunesiyalo esakhelwe ngaphakathi, esibolekwe egolideni elingaphansi kwalo.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 i-United States yayisikhiphe amadola amaningi kakhulu kunaleyo eyayiphethe igolide ukuze ihlanganiselwe, ichitha impi phesheya nezinhlelo zasekhaya, futhi ohulumeni bangaphandle baqala ukwethula amadola abo futhi becela insimbi. NgeSonto kusihlwa ngo-August 1971 u-Nixon waya kumabonakude wavala iwindi legolide, waqeda ukuguqulwa ngaphandle kwesaziso futhi kungekho voti. Ukusakaza kuphazamise isiqephu seBonanza.

Ngalobo busuku yonke imali emhlabeni yaba isithembiso esimsulwa, esisekelwa lutho oluqine ukwedlula igunya lombuso owasikhipha kanye nomthetho othi kumelwe ukwamukele. Amakomiti manje aphethe lezo zithembiso angakwandisa ukunikezwa noma nini uma izibalo noma ezombangazwe zifuna. Ngezinye izikhathi babeziphatha. NgoMashi 2020 amabhange amaningi amakhulu ayeka ukuziphatha ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanti imali yase-United States ikhule ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi amane eminyakeni emithathu. Akekho owabuzwa. Ngalandelela konke lokho kuhamba kancane, nokuthi kwenzani ekongeni komuntu osebenzayo, ku empeleni kwenzekani ekongeni kwakho.

Inkinga ye-fiat, izwakala ngerandi

Uma kungekho lutho oluvimbela ukunikezwa, amandla okuthenga emali awela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu akulona ihlazo elikhiqizwa ohulumeni ababi kuphela. Kungumsebenzi ojwayelekile, oklanyelwe wohlelo olungenawo umkhawulo ekudaleni imali, yingakho amabhange amakhulu ethi i-Ukwehla kwamandla emali ihlose ngokuzwakalayo kunokukufihla. Khomba amaphesenti ayisithupha ngonyaka futhi uhlose, ngokusobala, ukuthi amanani acishe aphindeke kabili njalo eminyakeni eyishumi nambili.

Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bathola ukufunda lokhu ngaphakathi, okuyilungelo elixubile.

IRandi lilahlekelwe ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa yenani lalo uma liqhathaniswa nedola eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Beka lokho ekhishini. Umuntu ohola impesheni wase-George owagcina izinkulungwane eziyikhulu zamarandi ngaphansi komatilasi ngo-2005 unezinombolo ezifanayo kumanothi afanayo namuhla, kodwa lawo manothi athenga ingxenye yegrosa, uphethiloli kanye nekhava yezokwelapha abake bayenza, futhi akukho nesisodwa isenzakalo esimangalisayo esibangele lokho. I-Reserve Bank iqhube uhlaka oluqondile lokukhomba ukwehla kwamandla emali kusukela ngo-2000, kangcono kunontanga abaningi abasafufusa, futhi ngisho nangaphakathi kwalolo hlaka amanani abathengi acishe aphindeka kabili emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Uhlelo lusebenze njengoba lukhangisiwe. Yileyo ngxenye engaxazululi. Ukuvuza kuwumklamo, hhayi ukwehluleka kwawo.

Ngakho abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bafinyelela, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ekuphumeni. Impahla endaweni engaphansi kwedolobha elihle. I-akhawunti ye-offshore uma isibonelelo sonyaka kanye namaphepha avuma. Krugerrands ophahleni, namanje, e inala yemindeni. Umzwelo wemvelo ulungile impela futhi amathuluzi ngalinye liphethe into ebanjwayo: indlu ayikwazi ukuthengiswa ngoLwesibili ntambama, ukufinyelela phesheya kwezilwandle kuyalinganiselwa futhi kuyabuyiseleka emuva, futhi igolide esisefeni alikwazi ukweqa umngcele noma ukukhokhela inkokhelo encane ngaphandle komthengisi phakathi. Ukwehla kwerandi isikhathi eside, nokuthi kungani impahla eshodayo ikuphendula, yimpikiswano engiyibeka ngokugcwele ukuthi kusho ukuthini ubuthakathaka berandi ngeBitcoin.

Lapho i-Bitcoin ilingana nohlu oludala

I-Bitcoin yasungulwa ngokutadisha ukuthi yini eyenza imali yegolide iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu bese yakha kabusha lezo zakhiwo ngendlela yokubhoboza engakwazi ukuncibilika futhi umngcele awukwazi ukuma. Igijimise ngokumelene nezimakethe zohlu lokuhlola ezifanayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa igolide futhi ayigcini nje ngokufaneleka. Ithola amaphuzu aphezulu cishe kuwo wonke ulayini.

Ukushoda kuqala, ngoba kuyimpahla konke okunye kuncike kukho. Kuyoke kube nezinhlamvu zemali eziyizigidi ezingu-21 kuphela. Leyo nombolo ayiyona into ehlosiwe umbusi ayimemezelayo futhi angayibuyekeza buthule. Kungumthetho obhalwe ku-software futhi uphoqelelwe yiwo wonke amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhompiyutha azimele asebenzisa inethiwekhi, ngayinye enqaba noma yikuphi ukuvimba ozama ukuyiphula, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kwekomidi lokunxenxa futhi akukho sigaba esiphuthumayo esingasibiza. Ukushoda kwegolide kuncike kumakhemikhali kanye nezindleko zokumba. I-Bitcoin incike kwizibalo izinkulungwane zabantu ezingabazi ezihlola njalo ngaphandle kokudinga ukwethembana. Ukukhishwa okusha kwehhafu cishe njalo eminyakeni emine futhi kuma sekukonke cishe ngo-2140, futhi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye azo zonke izinhlamvu zemali eziyoke zibe khona sezivele zembiwa, okusho ukuthi umhlaba usuvele uhlangabezane cishe nakho konke ukunikezwa oyoke ukubone.

Ukuhlukaniswa yilapho igolide lizabalaza khona futhi i-Bitcoin ihamba ngayo. Uhlamvu lwemali olulodwa luhlukana lube amayunithi ayizigidi eziyikhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-satoshi, ngakho-ke ithuluzi elifanayo ncamashi likhokhela ukuthengwa kwekhulu lamarandi kanye nezigidi eziyikhulu zamarandi, akukho mhloli nasaha elidingekayo. Awudingi uhlamvu lwemali lonke ukuze uqale.

I-Portability yigolide lempahla elidayiswa ngesisindo salo, futhi yilo elishintsha impilo yansuku zonke. I-Bitcoin ithuthela kunoma ubani emhlabeni ngemizuzu, kungenabhange ochungechungeni, akukho sikhungo sokuxhumana esithatha ukusikeka nokusika usuku ekhalendeni, futhi akukho gunya okufanele ucele imvume yalo kuqala. Ukudluliswa kwemali phakathi kweGoli neLondon kuhlala cishe ihora kunoma iyiphi isayizi. Insimbi ithatha amaviki ezinto kanye namaloli ahlomile ukwenza into efanayo kabi.

Bese kuba nokuqinisekiswa, okuyigolide lendawo kanye ne-fiat engakaze ibe nayo ngempela kanye nale engincika kuyo kanzima namakhasimende. Noma ubani onekhompyutha ephathekayo evamile angasebenzisa isofthiwe ye-Bitcoin, ahlole yonke impahla futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izinhlamvu zemali zakhe ziyiqiniso ngaphandle kokucela imvume esikhungweni esisodwa. Ukuhlola ibha yegolide kudinga izinto zokuhlola kanye nochwepheshe. Ukuhlola imali kazwelonke akunakwenzeka ngisho nangokwesimiso, ngoba into ongadinga ukuyihlola izinhloso zesikhathi esizayo zabantu abayiphrintayo. Igolide ku-vault likucela ukuthi uthembe umnakekeli. I-Bitcoin ebanjwe kokhiye bakho ikucela ukuthi uthembele i-arithmetic hhayi okunye. Uma ufuna inguqulo yolimi olulula yokuthi into empeleni iyini ngaphakathi, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ngibhale ukuthi i-Bitcoin empeleni iyini kulowo mfundi, kanye necala lemali elijulile lihlezi phakathi I-Bitcoin njengemali ezwakalayo.

Kukhona okubanjwayo, futhi ngincamela ukuthi ukuzwe kimi kunokukuthola endaweni embi. I-Bitcoin isencane futhi iyaguquguquka, futhi umsebenzi wayo weyunithi ye-akhawunti ibuthakathaka kakhulu kulawa amathathu namuhla ngoba intengo isashintsha kakhulu ngenkathi amanani emakethe kulokho eyikho. Kungakho ngiyibamba futhi ngisiza amakhasimende ukuthi ayibambe emkhathizwe weminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi, hhayi esikhundleni serandi lale nyanga. Ikesi lesitolo senani liwumdlalo omude. Ngaleso sikhathi somkhathizwe, into esemqoka akuwona ukuguquka kwesimo kodwa indawo eyodwa engenarandi noma iounce engalingana: uphathe uhlamvu lwemali futhi uphethe ingxenye emisiwe yesigidi esingamashumi amabili nanye sayo yonke into eyoke ibe khona, kulo nyaka nangekhulunyaka, futhi akekho ongakukhipha kuleso sabelo.