I-Bitcoin nesehlukaniso eNingizimu Afrika: Okushiwo yi-Matrimonial Property Act ngokubanjiwe kwakho

Uhlelo lwakho lwempahla yomshado yilo olunquma ukuthi ubani oba ngumnikazi we-Bitcoin yakho esehlukanisweni, kanti cishe akekho kuleli lizwe ofunda inkontileka yakhe yangaphambi komshado umshado ungakaqali ukuphela. Umthetho lapha awunzima. Okwenza i-Bitcoin yehluke endlini noma ku-retirement annuity wukuthi iphendula kukhiye oyimfihlo kuphela, ngakho ingxenye enzima ayilokothi ibe ngumthetho. Wukudalula. Lokhu kuwokufundisa nje futhi akusona iseluleko sezomthetho.

Iklayenti laseGeorge langishayela ucingo esikhathini esithile esedlule, buthule, ngaphambi kokuba ummeli womkakhe aze afake amaphepha. Wayethenge kancane kancane ngokuzinzile kusukela ngo-2018 kanti isikhundla sase sikhule saba yinto emethusayo ngesizathu esingafanele. Umbuzo wakhe wokuqala wawungeyona indlela ezohlukaniswa ngayo. Kwakuwukuthi angakwazi yini ukungayisho nje. Ngamtshela into efanayo engizoyitshela wena lapha. Ungakwazi, kuze kufike umzuzu ongasakwazi ngawo, kanti lowo mzuzu uvame ukufika ne-subpoena nemantshi engasazimisele ukukholwa noma yini enye oyishoyo. Uhlelo owashada ngaphansi kwalo lubeka imithetho. Ukwethembeka kwakho kubeka konke okunye.

Ukuhlanganyelwa kwempahla, okuzenzakalelayo okungekho owakukhetha ngamabomu

Uma washada ungasayinanga inkontileka yangaphambi komshado, usekuhlanganyelweni kwempahla. Leso akusona isinqumo imibhangqwana eminingi esithatha ngamabomu. Yilokho umthetho okunika khona uma ungasayini lutho, futhi luwuhlelo oluvame kakhulu ezweni ngomehluko omkhulu.

Konke okutholwa yinoma yimuphi umlingani phakathi nomshado kuwela efeni elilodwa elihlanganyelwe, kanti i-Bitcoin ayihlukile kulokho. Akusho lutho ukuthi wazithengela izinhlamvu wedwa, ngomholo wakho, ku-akhawunti umlingani wakho angakaze angene kuyo. Uma ukuthenga kwenzeka ngaphakathi komshado, izinhlamvu zingezefa elihlanganyelwe. Esehlukanisweni lelo fa lihlukaniswa phakathi. Umlingani wakho akatholi ingxenye ye-Bitcoin yakho njengezinhlamvu. Uthola isimangalo sengxenye yenani layo, esivame ukukhokhwa ngerandi, sithathwe kwi-Bitcoin uqobo noma kwenye impahla ehlanganyelwe, noma yikuphi okulula ukukuhambisa.

Indlela okwenzeka ngayo incike ekutholakaleni kwemali. Izinhlamvu ezihlezi nomhlinzeki olawulwayo zingakalwa bese inkokhelo ithathwa kuzo ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu. Izinhlamvu ekuzigcineleni okujulile zingumsebenzi ohlukile, ngoba ifa kufanele liqale likhombise ukuthi zikhona ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ophikisana ngenani lazo. Uhlaka luzenzakalela uma impahla isietafuleni. Ukuyifikisa etafuleni yiwo wonke umncintiswano, futhi ngibuyela kulokho ngezansi.

Inkontileka yangaphambi komshado ene-accrual

Imibhangqwana esayina inkontileka yangaphambi komshado ene-accrual igcina amafa ayo ehlukene ngesikhathi umshado uqhubeka, bese yabelana ngokukhula kuphela ekugcineni. Impahla yomlingani ngamunye ihlala ingeyakhe. Okuhlukaniswayo ngumehluko wokuthi ifa ngalinye likhule kangakanani empilweni yomshado.

Isibonelo esisetshenziwe sikwenza kucace. Ake sithi omunye umlingani uqala umshado nempahla engu-R100,000 kanti omunye ngo-R500,000. Eminyakeni edlulayo umlingani ocebe kakhudlwana uthenga i-Bitcoin nokunye utshalomali kanti ifa lakhe lenyukela ku-R1.5 million, i-accrual ka-R1 million. Ifa lomunye umlingani likhula lisuka ku-R100,000 liye ku-R200,000, i-accrual ka-R100,000. Igebe phakathi kwama-accrual amabili lingu-R900,000, kanti umlingani okhule kancane unesimangalo sengxenye yalelo gebe, u-R450,000. I-Bitcoin ayikhishwa inikezelwe. Imane ihlale ngaphakathi kwesibalo se-accrual njengenye impahla eyenza ifa elicebile likhule.

Izinhlamvu zingezalowo owazithengayo umshado wonke. Ziba yindaba yomunye umlingani esehlukanisweni kuphela, kanti nalapho kuphela njengenombolo engena esibalweni se-accrual, hhayi neze njengesimangalo esiqondile se-wallet. Leso yisikhundla esithambe ngokubalulekile kunokuhlanganyelwa kwempahla kumlingani othengayo. Yikho futhi okwenza inani langempela ngerandi lokubanjiwe, ngosuku olufanele ncamashi, linqume ukuthi isimangalo se-accrual sigcina sisikhulu kangakanani.

Inkontileka yangaphambi komshado engenayo i-accrual

Lolu wuhlelo oluhlanzeke kakhulu kumbambi we-Bitcoin nolukhahlame kakhulu komunye umlingani. Nge-ANC ekhipha i-accrual, amafa amabili awalokothi athintane. Okwakho kungokwakho, okwabo kungokwabo, futhi akukho kukhula okwabelwanwa ekugcineni.

I-Bitcoin ethengwe ngumlingani oyedwa phakathi nomshado ingeyalowo mlingani ngokuphelele. Ubude bomshado abusho lutho. Nobukhulu bokwenyuka kwenani abusho lutho. Omunye umlingani akanaso nhlobo isimangalo ezinhlanvini, okuyikho kanye lolu hlelo olwaklanyelwa ukukwenza. Abantu balukhetha kanye ukugcina ukwakha kwabo impahla kuhlukene, kanti kumuntu ofike nesikhundla se-Bitcoin esibalulekile noma owazakhela sona yedwa, lwenza lowo msebenzi kangcono kunanoma yisiphi isakhiwo esinanyathiselwa kamuva.

Inkinga ye-Bitcoin engadaluliwe

Yonke imithetho engenhla icabangela ukuthi abalingani bobabili babeka amakhadi abo etafuleni. Iningi lenkinga yangempela engiyibonayo aliqali lapho.

I-Bitcoin yokuzigcinela iyimpahla ye-bearer. Noma ngubani olawula ukhiye oyimfihlo ulawula izinhlamvu, kanti akukho rejista, thayitela noma sikhungo esiqinisekisa ukuthi ngubani umnikazi wazo. Esimeni sayo esiqine kakhulu konke okubanjiwe kuphila njengamagama ayishumi nambili noma angamashumi amabili nane abanjwe enkumbulweni yomuntu oyedwa, ehlukanisiwe kuyo yonke idivayisi nayo yonke inkantolo. Yiyo leyo mpawu engiyichaza ku- i-Bitcoin njenge-asethi ye-bearer eNingizimu Afrika, ehluke ngempela kunanoma yini umthetho wempahla yomshado owakhelwa ukuyisingatha. Umlingani ozimisele ukufihla izinhlamvu ekuzigcineleni angakwazi, ekuqaleni, ngendlela abengeke akwazi ngayo ngendlu.

Kusewukwephula umthetho nokho. Abalingani bobabili kudingeka badalule yonke impahla nezikweletu enkantolo, esitatimendeni esigcwele esihlanganisa yonke i-akhawunti, impahla, utshalomali nakho konke okubanjiwe okunenani. Ukushiya i-Bitcoin kuleso sitatimende ngamabomu kuwukuqamba amanga ngaphansi kwesifungo. Lapho inkantolo ithola kamuva ukuthi izinhlamvu zazibanjiwe zangadalulwa, imiphumela ayigcini kwi-Bitcoin. Umlingani ongadalulanga ubhekana nokudelela inkantolo, izinhlawulo zezimali nokuwa kokwethembeka okungena kuyo yonke enye ingxenye yesivumelwano, kusukela ekuhlukanisweni kwakho konke okunye kwefa kuya esondlweni kanti, lapho kukhona izingane, nasesimeni sohlelo lokunakekelwa kwazo. Amajaji abamba amanga ngemali ayeka ukunika ithuba lokungabaza nganoma yini enye.

Kukhona udaba lwangempela lomthethosisekelo lapha okwedlulwa yiningi lokuphawula ngezehlukaniso. Ngenxa yokuthi amagama okubuyisela angaphila njengomcabango oyimfihlo nje, ukuphoqa umlingani ukuba awasho kuthinta ilungelo lobumfihlo nokuvikelwa ekuzifakeni icala. Inkantolo inganquma ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi i-Bitcoin ingeyomangali. Ayikwazi ukuvula ukhiye obethelwe, futhi ayikwazi kalula ukuphoqa umuntu ukuba akhulume amagama angawuvula. Ukuphoqelela, ekugcineni, kugcina kufike kumuntu owaziyo lawo magama. Lowo ngumkhawulo wangempela, kanti futhi ungugibe, ngoba ukuncika kuwo kusho ukubheja ngokwethembeka kwakho nangenkululeko yakho ekutheni ukuthula kubambelele ngaphansi kwesifungo.

Indlela umkhondo wemali odalula ngayo yonke into

Umkhondo uvame ukuba nomsindo omkhulu kunalokho abantu abakulindele.

Abameli esehlukanisweni esiphikisanwayo baqhuba i-discovery esemthethweni. Bakhipha ama-subpoena ezitatimende zasebhange, amarekhodi ezezimali nezitatimende zama-akhawunti e-exchange, futhi bazifunda ngokucophelela. Uma i-Bitcoin engadaluliwe yathengwa kunoma iyiphi iplatifomu yasekhaya, irekhodi lalokho kuthenga likhona ndawana thize ngaphandle kwe-wallet. Uma imali yaphuma ku-akhawunti yasebhange ehlanganyelwe, ukuphuma kulapho esitatimendeni ngokusobala, bese kulandela umbuzo osobala. Yaya kuphi le mali?

Umlingani ongenampendulo, futhi ongenalo irekhodi le-exchange elikhombisa ukuthengisa kwakamuva, usesikhundleni esibi. Inkantolo ingaphetha ngokufanele ukuthi izinhlamvu zisabanjiwe futhi iyalele ukuba zidalulwe. Ngaphansi kwesifungo, ukusho ngokuqondile ukuthi awunayo i-Bitcoin ngesikhathi isitatimende sasebhange sikhombisa imali iphuma iya ku-exchange akuyona indawo engacacile. Kuwukuqamba amanga ngaphansi kwesifungo, kanti umkhondo wamaphepha osuka ku-akhawunti uya kwiplatifomu uvame ukwanela wodwa ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuthenga kwenzeka, noma ngabe i-wallet manje ibambe noma ayibambe lutho.

Emafeni amakhulu ukuhlolisisa kuya phambili. Izinkantolo kwesinye isikhathi ziyalela uphenyo lwe-forensic lwezimali zabalingani bobabili, lapho umphenyi elandelela konke ukuhamba kwemali futhi aqaphele okungajwayelekile. Ukudluliselwa okukhulu okungachazwa okusuka ku-akhawunti ehlanganyelwe kuya kwiplatifomu ye-crypto kuyilona kanye uhlobo lwento eqashelwayo. I-forensics ibiza imali yangempela, kodwa izibalo zinonya kofihlayo. Umbhangqwana one-R50 million phakathi kwabo ungakwazi ukuthethelela umsebenzi we-forensic obalulekile uma ungaveza izigidi kwi-Bitcoin efihliwe. Njengoba i-Bitcoin ingena ijule ezehlukanisweni zabacebile baseNingizimu Afrika, lokho kuhlolisisa kuzoqina kuphela.

Ukukalwa kwenani, nosuku olulunqumayo

I-Bitcoin ikalwa ngosuku lomyalelo wesehlukaniso, noma ngosuku lokuhlukana lapho lungaphambili futhi kuvunyelwene ngalo, ngentengo yemakethe yalolo suku iguqulelwe kwirandi. Lapho izinhlamvu sezenyuke inani kusukela wazithenga, kanti izinhlamvu eziningi ezibanjwe isikhathi eside zenyukile, yinani elenyukile elihlukaniswayo noma elifakwa ku-accrual, hhayi lokho okwakukhokhile ekuqaleni. Ukunyakaza kwangemva kosuku lomyalelo akubuyeli emuva esivumelwaneni. Kumbhangqwana oshade ngokuhlanganyelwa kwempahla obambe i-R10 million kwi-Bitcoin ngosuku lomyalelo, isimangalo somlingani ongabambile singu-R5 million, kanti uma intengo iphindeka kabili ngenyanga elandelayo, leyo yinzuzo yomlingani ogcinayo ayijabulele ngokuphelele noma ukulahlekelwa kwakhe akugwinye.

Ukudayiswa kuheha intela ngendlela efanayo nanoma yikuphi okunye ukudayiswa kwe-Bitcoin. Lapho isivumelwano sikhokhwa ngokuthengisa izinhlamvu noma ngokuzidlulisela, i-SARS ikuphatha ngesisekelo esijwayelekile sokudayiswa noma ukudayiswa okuthathwa njengokwenzekile kuye ngokuthi kuhlelwe kanjani, okuyiso leso sibuko engisichaza ku- lokho i-SARS ekubonayo lapho ibuka i-Bitcoin yakho. Irekhodi elihlanzekile, elinezinsuku, lalokho okukhokhile nokuthi izinhlamvu zazibiza malini ngosuku olufanele libaluleke kakhulu lapha. Livala impikiswano ngenani ingakaqali, futhi yikho kanye okukhiqizwa wuhlelo lokugcinwa olubhaliwe njengengxenye evamile yendlela. I-Vault engiyiqhubayo ibhala ubunikazi nentengo yokuthola ngerandi ngesikhathi sokuthenga, okuguqula umbango ngezibalo ube yiphrintawuthi.

Engingakwenza ngempela ngaphambi kokuba kufike enkantolo

Uma ucabanga ukuthi umshado wakho ungahle uphele, khuluma nommeli wezehlukaniso ngayo yonke impahla yakho, kubalwa ne-Bitcoin, ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ofaka amaphepha. Kwenze kusenesikhathi.

Kokubanjiwe okukhulu umbuzo wesakhiwo wukuthi ngabe izinhlamvu zihlezi yini ngaphakathi kwento eyandulela umshado futhi eyayingakaze ibe yimpahla yomshado kwasekuqaleni. I-Bitcoin ebanjwe kahle kwi-trust eyasungulwa ngaphambi komshado ngokuvamile ihlala ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa, ngazo zona izizathu ehlala ngazo ngaphandle kwefa lakho ekufeni, ukweqana engikulandelela ku- okwenzeka nge-Bitcoin yakho lapho ushona eNingizimu Afrika. Okungasebenzi yisinyathelo sokwethuka. Izinhlamvu ezisuswa egameni lakho ziyiswa kwi-trust lapho umshado usubonakala uphela zimema inkantolo ukuba ichithe ukudluliselwa njengomzamo wokuvimba isimangalo somunye umlingani, kanti umbuzo wesakhiwo ngokuvamile uhamba eceleni kombuzo wentela engiwuhlanganisa ku- ukubamba i-Bitcoin enkampanini, kwi-trust noma egameni lakho. Isakhiwo esakhiwe eminyakeni kusenesikhathi siyavikela. Isakhiwo esakhiwe enyangeni yokugcina ngaphambi kwamaphepha sibukeka siyilokho kanye esiyikho.

Uma usemusha emshadweni kanti i-Bitcoin izoba yingxenye yempilo yakho, bhala phansi ukuthi wena nomlingani wakho nihlose ukuyiphatha kanjani. Eminye imibhangqwana igcina ama-akhawunti otshalomali ehlukene ngamabomu. Eminye ibamba ngokuhlanganyela futhi iqinisile ngakho. Kokubili kulungile. Okubanga umonakalo wukuthula, ngoba ukuthula yilapho kuzalwa khona inguqulo yale nkinga egcina iphambi kwemantshi. Kanti uma usuvele ubambe izinhlamvu ongazidalulanga futhi umshado uya ngokona, bona ummeli manje, ngaphambi kokuba omunye umuntu aphoqe udaba. Ukudalula ngokuzithandela ngaphambi kwezinqubo kuyingxoxo ejwayelekile. Ukutholakala ngemva kwamanga ngaphansi kwesifungo kuyisilo esihluke ngokuphelele.