I-Bitcoin ne-FICA: Okumele abatshalizimali baseNingizimu Afrika bakwazi ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali

I-FICA akuwona amaphepha ami phakathi kwakho ne-Bitcoin yakho. Angamaphepha afakazela ukuthi i-Bitcoin ingeyakho. Umthetho we-Financial Intelligence Centre ucela umhlinzeki onelayisensi ukuthi azi ukuthi ungubani, aqonde ukuthi imali yakho ivelaphi futhi abike noma yini ebonakala ingalungile. Amakhasimende amaningi ahlangana nayo njengefomu. Okwakhiwa yiyo ngempela yirekhodi elihlanzekile ozojabula ukuba nalo ngosuku umuntu osemthethweni abuza ngalo umbuzo onzima.

Cabanga ngekuseni yangoLwesine nyakenye. Unjiniyela osethathe umhlalaphansi wase-Somerset West ufuna ukudlulisela cishe u-R2 million ovela ekuthengisweni kwebhizinisi uye ku-Bitcoin. Ufika ekubhalisweni elindele ukuphikisana ngentengo yohlamvu lwemali kodwa esikhundleni salokho uchitha imizuzu engamashumi amabili ekhuluma ngesivumelwano sokuthengisa asivala ngo-2019. Ucasukile kancane. Bese ngichaza ukuthi le ngxoxo efanayo iyona ezomvumela ukuthi athengise ngolunye usuku futhi abuyisele amarandi ebhange lakhe ngaphandle kombuzo owodwa, bese isimo somoya siyashintsha. Leyo yi-FICA eyenza umsebenzi wayo wangempela, ngokuthula, ngaphambi kokuba athenge noma yini.

I-FICA yaqala nini ukusebenza ku-Bitcoin?

Kunosuku oluqinile. Izichibiyelo zamashejuli oMthetho we-FIC zaqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-19 no-31 Disemba 2022, futhi i-Item 22 entsha ye-Schedule 1 yaqamba abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zama-asethi e-crypto njengezikhungo eziphendulayo. Lolo shintsho olulodwa lwehlisela isisindo esigcwele sencwadi yemithetho yokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali kunoma ubani odayisela abaseNingizimu Afrika i-Bitcoin. Alukuzelanga ndawo. Lwaphendula ukubuyekezwa kuka-2019 kwe-Financial Action Task Force, umzimba womhlaba obeka la mazinga, olwathola ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika yayingasilawuli lesi sigaba.

Ukuba yisikhungo esiphendulayo akulula. Kusho ukugadwa kabili yi-Financial Intelligence Centre ne-FSCA ngengozi yokushushumbiswa kwemali nokuxhaswa kwezimali kobushokobezi. Umhlinzeki we-Bitcoin onelayisensi manje uthwele imisebenzi eyisisekelo efanayo neyebhange lakho. Ngihamba kanjani lonke uhlelo luhlangana ku- umhlahlandlela wami wokuhambisana nemithethonqubo ye-Bitcoin eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa i-FICA yingxenye oyizwa kuqala, ngosuku lokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba ube ne-satoshi eyodwa.

Okudingwa yi-FICA kumhlinzeki onelayisensi

Izibopho zehlela ezintweni ezimbalwa ezenziwa kahle futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe. Umhlinzeki kumele aqinisekise ubunikazi bakho nge-ID ekhishwe uhulumeni, aqinisekise ikheli lakho lokuhlala futhi, kwinhlangano, athole ukuthi obani abanikazi nabalawuli bangempela abangabantu. Kumele aqonde umsebenzi wakho, umthombo wezimali zakho nokuthi uhlose ukwenzani nge-akhawunti. Lapho ikhasimende noma ukuthengiselana kubonakala kunengozi ephakeme, uya phambili futhi acele okwengeziwe. Uma okuthile kweqa umugqa kuya kokusolisayo, ukubika lokho ku-Financial Intelligence Centre kunokuba ahlale nakho. Futhi ugcina amarekhodi.

Amarekhodi iminyaka emihlanu. Leyo nombolo ithwele isisindo esikhulu kunalokho ezwakala ngakho.

Wonke umbhalo wobunikazi, lonke inothi lomthombo wezimali, konke ukuthengiselana kuyagcinwa futhi kuyatholakala ku-FIC, kwabomthetho noma ku-SARS uma kucelwa. Empeleni, e-SimplB, lokho kusho ukuthi ngiqoqa i-ID yakho, ngiqinisekise ubuso bakho kuyo ngomhlinzeki wethu wokuhambisana nomthetho, ngiqinisekise ikheli lakho, ngibuze ukuthi wenzani nokuthi imali ivelaphi, futhi ngikuhlole ohlwini lwezijeziso zezezimali eziqondisiwe olushicilelwa yi-FIC. Uma uke wavula i-akhawunti yasebhange eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, akukho kulokhu okuzozwakala kungajwayelekile. Yilelo iphuzu. I-Bitcoin manje ihlala ngaphakathi kwezindonga ezifanayo.

Kungani umtshalizimali oneqiniso ephuma phambili

Uma imali yakho ihlanzekile, i-FICA ikwakhela ngokuthula i-asethi abantu abaningi abangacabangi ngayo: ubufakazi. Ifayela lokubhaliswa lomhlinzeki liba ubufakazi bokuthi wadalula ukuthi izimali zavelaphi nokuthi isikhungo esinelayisensi, esigadiwe sakwamukela ngemva kokuhlolwa okufanele. Lapho i-SARS ibuka isikhundla sakho se-Bitcoin, awuzabalazi ukwakha kabusha indaba ngezithombe-skrini. Ukhomba irekhodi elinosuku eseligcinwe yifemu elawulwayo. Ngachaza ukuthi i-SARS iyibona kanjani ngempela le misebenzi ngohlelo lokubika lwe-CARF ku- ukuhamba kwami ngokuthenga i-Bitcoin eNingizimu Afrika, futhi la marekhodi amabili ayaqinisana.

Ukuvikelwa kuhamba nangakolunye uhlangothi. Ngesikhathi umhlinzeki ekufaka ekuqinisekisweni okufanele, uyazi ukuthi usebenzelana nomuntu ophendula ku-FSCA nase-FIC kunenkundla engenalayisensi esifundeni ongakaze usivakashele futhi ongakwazi ukusimangalela. Kwithrasti noma inkampani inzuzo iyanda. Inhlangano ephethe i-Bitcoin ngesakhiwo esinelayisensi igcina inochungechunge olugcwele lobufakazi: amarekhodi okuqinisekisa aqinisekisa ukuthi obani abaphathiswa nabahlomulayo, ukubikwa kokuthengiselana ku-SARS, nemibhalo yokugcinwa ekhombisa ncamashi ukuthi izinhlamvu zemali zigcinwe kuphi. Lolo chungechunge lumelana nokuhlolwa kwentela, nokuvalwa kwefa nasengxabanweni ngokuthi ithrasti yayiphethwe kanjani. Ngibeka uhlangothi lwenhlangano ngokuningiliziwe ku- indlela engiphatha ngayo ezokuphepha, ukuhambisana nomthetho nokugcinwa e-SimplB.

Amathrasti nezinkampani zithola ukuphathwa okugcwele

Umuntu ngamunye ulula. Inhlangano yilapho i-FICA izuza khona idumela layo. Umthetho awuvumeli ithrasti noma inkampani ukuthi ifihle abantu abangemuva kwayo, ngakho umhlinzeki kumele afinyelele ngesakhiwo kubanikazi nabalawuli bangempela. Kwinkampani lokho kusho ukukhomba noma ubani ophethe ikota noma ngaphezulu yamasheya kanye nabaqondisi nabasayini abagunyaziwe. Kwithrasti kuya kude kunalokho abasunguli abaningi abakulindele.

Wonke umsunguli, wonke umphathiswa, wonke ohlomulayo oqanjiwe nawo wonke umuntu ogunyaziwe ukusebenzela ithrasti kumele aqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba i-akhawunti noma i-Vault ivulwe. Eceleni kwabantu, umhlinzeki uqoqa izincwadi zegunya ezigxivizwe nguMphathi weNkantolo eNkulu, incwadi yethrasti nesinqumo somphathiswa. Ngiyibonile leyo mfuneko ifika kumuntu owasungula ithrasti yomndeni yezingane zakhe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule futhi engakaze acabange ukuthi abahlomulayo bakhe abasesigabeni sobusha kuzodingeka baqinisekiswe nge-FICA. Kuyadingeka. Ngichaza ukuthi inhlangano ngokwayo kufanele yakhiwe kanjani ye-Bitcoin ku- ingosi yami ngencwadi yethrasti ye-Bitcoin eNingizimu Afrika.

Umbuzo womthombo wezimali

Le yingxenye edala ama-imeyili amaningi kakhulu, ngakho ake ngikhulume ngokusobala ngayo. Lapho ufaka imali ku-akhawunti ye-Bitcoin, umemezela ukuthi imali ivelaphi. Ngezimali ezincane umhlinzeki uvame ukwamukela leso simemezelo sodwa. Dlula umkhawulo obalulekile bese ecela ukubona umsuka: isitatimende sasebhange esikhombisa umholo, isivumelwano sokuthengiswa kwempahla, incwadi evela efeni eqinisekisa ifa. Imali eneqiniso icishe njalo ishiye umkhondo. Inkinga iqala kuphela lapho umuntu engakwazi ukukhombisa owodwa.

Akekho okuphenyayo. Umhlinzeki ugcwalisa umsebenzi womthetho wokuqinisekisa ukuthi umthombo usemthethweni, futhi amafulegi abomvu awabhekayo yilawo asobala. Izimali ezifika zivela enkundleni engenazo izilawuli zangempela zokwazi ikhasimende. Imali edluliswe ngezinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa noma zokuphithanisa ezakhelwe ukufihla ukuthi ivelaphi. Ukuthenga okungahambisani nhlobo nakho konke okunye umhlinzeki akwaziyo ngawe. Memezela imali engenayo yomsebenzi uyisekele ngesitatimende bese i-akhawunti ivuleka. Memezela umthombo ophikisana nomlando wakho obhaliwe futhi uzothola imibuzo eyengeziwe, noma ukwenqatshwa.

Iseluleko sami, uma izindaba zakho zinzima nganoma iyiphi indlela, ukufika usulungile. Letha isivumelwano sokuthengisa, isaziso sokwabiwa, incwadi yefa, noma yini echaza imali, futhi ukungqubuzana kunyamalala ngaphambi kokuba kuqale. Unjiniyela wase-Somerset West wenza kanjalo ncamashi ekuvakasheni kwakhe kwesibili futhi i-akhawunti yavulwa ngayo leyo ntambama.

Kungani ukuhlolisiswa kungafani kuwo wonke umuntu

I-FICA isebenza ngengozi, hhayi ngokusola. Uchwepheshe oholayo ofaka ibhonasi ku-Bitcoin uhlala ohlangothini olulula lwesikali. Umnikazi webhizinisi onamavolumu aphezulu okuthengiselana, ikhasimende elisebenza esifundeni esinengozi ephakeme noma umuntu ovezwe kwezombusazwe uhlala kude kancane kuso futhi uthola ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Umhlinzeki ukala iphrofayela yakho, ubukhulu bokuthengiselana uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo phrofayela, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe nokuthi uzinze kuphi, bese elinganisela ngokufanele.

Akukho kulokho okuyisisolo. Izinga lokuhlola limane libonisa ingozi ehloliwe, yingakho ukusobala kuyindlela esheshayo kunazo zonke yokudlula ekubhalisweni. Tshela umhlinzeki ngokucacile ukuthi ungubani, wenzani nokuthi uhlela ukwenzani nge-Bitcoin bese inqubo iyahamba. Nikeza izimpendulo ezingacacile noma ezingabazayo bese umema khona kanye lokho kuhlolisisa obulokhu wethemba ukukugwema.

Lapho umhlinzeki kumele afake umbiko

Uma umsebenzi ungena endaweni esolisayo ngempela, umhlinzeki uphoqwa umthetho ukuthi awubike ku-Financial Intelligence Centre. Okucuphayo yilokho obungakulindela: ukuthengiselana okuphambuka kakhulu kwiphrofayela ememezelwe yekhasimende, izimali ezihlelwe ukugwema imikhawulo yokubika, amaphethini axhunywe ezifundeni ezinengozi ephakeme nanoma yini ethwele izigxivizo zeminwe zokushushumbisa noma zokukhwabanisa.

Kumtshalizimali ohambisana nomthetho lokhu akulutho. Umsebenzi wakho uhambisana nephrofayela yakho, ngakho akukho okugqanyiswayo. Inkinga ukungahambisani. Memezela ukuthi ungumhlalaphansi ophila ngo-R5,000 ngenyanga, bese ufaka u-R5 million uthenge i-Bitcoin, futhi ukuthengiselana kuphikisana nakho konke okusefayeleni. Umbiko uyalandela. Akusona isinqumo. Kuyifulegi, futhi lapho kunencazelo esemthethweni, imibhalo ixazulula umbuzo ngokushesha. Yingakho futhi ngenqaba ukusiza noma ubani ukumboza ukungahambisani ekubhalisweni: umbiko ukhona ncamashi ukubamba lokho.

Okubizwa ngempela ulwazi olungamanga

Ukuqamba amanga efomini le-FICA kuyicala lobugebengu, futhi ngisho lokho ngokoqobo hhayi njengesu lokwethusa. Memezela umthombo wezimali ongamanga, umsebenzi ongamanga noma ikheli elingamanga futhi usukwenzile ukukhwabanisa. Uma umhlinzeki ekuthola kamuva, umthetho umphoqa ukuthi akubike, futhi imiphumela isukela ku-akhawunti evaliwe kuye odabeni oludluliselwe kwabomthetho.

Uma uphethe i-Bitcoin yangaphambili engamenyezelwanga futhi ufuna ukuyiletha ekukhanyeni, indlela yi-Voluntary Disclosure Programme, hhayi inganekwane elula ekubhalisweni. Khuluma nomeluleki wentela ngaphambi kokuvula noma yini entsha uma umlando wakho uxakekile.

I-Travel Rule nokudluliswa kwezinhlamvu zemali phakathi kwabahlinzeki

Ileja ye-Bitcoin ibilokhu ivulekile. Ungqimba lokuhambisana nomthetho oluyizungezile selufikile. Ngaphansi kwe-FATF Recommendation 16, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Travel Rule, ulwazi olukhombayo ngomthumeli nomamukeli kumele luhambisane nokudluliswa phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo. INingizimu Afrika yakwenza lokhu kwaba ngokoqobo nge-Directive 9 ye-FIC, ekhishwe ngomhla ka-15 Novemba 2024 futhi yasebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-30 Ephreli 2025. Lapho izinhlamvu zemali zihamba phakathi kwabahlinzeki ababili abanelayisensi, imininingwane yomthumeli nomamukeli ihamba nazo.

Umphumela osebenzayo umkhondo osuka ekuqaleni uye ekugcineni ongasephulwa ukudluliswa okungaziwa phakathi kwezikhungo. Uma uphethe i-Bitcoin ku-exchange yangaphandle enelayisensi, leyo nkundla iphendula enguqulweni yayo yale mithetho, futhi ngokushintshaniswa okuzenzakalelayo kolwazi lwama-akhawunti ezezimali isiphathimandla sentela sezwe layo singadlulisela imininingwane yakho ibuyele ku-SARS. Ukudlulisela i-Bitcoin phesheya akuyenzi inyamalale. Uma kukhona, kwandisa imizila irekhodi elingakhiwa kabusha ngayo, okungesinye isizathu sokugcina eyakho ikhophi yalelo rekhodi ihlanzekile kusukela ekuqaleni.