Umjaho wegolide wedijithali: Indlela i-Bitcoin echaza kabusha ngayo utshalomali lwanamuhla
Inkulumo ethi "umjaho wegolide wedijithali" ithengise i-Bitcoin eningi kubantu abangafanele ngezizathu ezingafanele. Umjaho wegolide uwukuphithizela, ukubheja ukuthi ungemba ngokushesha bese ukhipha imali ngaphambi kokuba indawo yakho yokumba iphele. I-Bitcoin isondele kokuphambene: i-asethi yemali eyindlala evuza umuntu ohlala ethule ishumi leminyaka futhi ejezisa lowo ofika ejahile. Yilo mehluko engiwenza nawo wonke umuntu waseNingizimu Afrika obhukha ingcingo ecabanga ukuthi uthole ithikithi le-lottery.
Iphuzu elisemqoka
I-Bitcoin idlule cishe yonke i-asethi enkulu kusukela ngo-2011, kodwa leyo mbuyiselo yayitholakala kuphela kubantu ababamba phakathi kokwehla kuka-70 kuya ku-85%. Izizathu zesakhiwo ezayinyakazisa, umkhawulo oqinile wezinhlamvu eziyizigidi ezingu-21 nokubhadala okungathembi mlamuleli, zisekhona namanje. Umqondo wokuceba ngokushesha yiwo ohlulekayo, hhayi i-asethi. Yiphathe njengesilondolozi senani ngombono wesikhathi weminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi okungenani noma uyiyeke.
Igolide libe yimali iminyaka ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Kudala ngaphambi kwamabhange amakhulu lalenza umsebenzi ngoba laliyindlala, liqinile futhi kunzima ukulifanisa, kanti ngisho nangemva kokuwa kwe-Bretton Woods ngo-1971 lahlala linamathele emqondweni wanoma ngubani ozama ukulondoloza imali. I-Bitcoin ikalwa ngokumelene nalowo mlando ngesizathu. Igcina indlala yegolide bese ilungisa izingxenye ezazihlala ziyinkathazo ukuba nazo. Iphutha akukona ukuqhathanisa. Iphutha yigama elithi "umjaho".
Kungani umqondo womjaho wegolide udukisa
Emjahweni wegolide wangempela abawinayo kwakungavamile ukuba kube ngabavukuzi. Kwakungabantu abathengisa amafosholo. Insimbi esemhlabathini yayinomkhawulo kanti umjaho wawungumncintiswano wokuyikhipha nokuyithengisa ngaphambi komuntu olandelayo.
I-Bitcoin iphendula lowo mqondo. Akekho ongemba ngokushesha ukuze enze eningi yayo.
Ishejuli yenani lezinhlamvu ayiphenduli kunoma yisiphi isilinganiso sesidingo noma somzamo, okusho ukuthi umvuzo awuyi kulowo ofika kuqala nomshini omkhulu kunayo yonke. Uya kulowo osabambile lapho umhlaba wonke usufinyelela ekuqondeni ukuthi le nto iyini. Lowo ngumdlalo wesineke ogqoke ingubo yokuzingela umcebo, kanti yiyo kanye leyo ngubo yokuzingela umcebo eyenza abantu bathenge phezulu ngemali abayidinga ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili bese bethengisa phansi ngokwethuka. Ngiyibuke leyo filimu izikhathi ezanele ukwazi isiphetho. Abatshalimali abenza kahle nge-Bitcoin cishe kwakungebona neze labo abayithola ithokozisa.
Ngakho uma ngizwa "umjaho wegolide wedijithali" ngizwa inkulumo yokukhangisa ethola indlala kahle kodwa iphambanise isimo somqondo ngokuphelele. Indlala ingeyangempela. Ukuphuthuma kuqanjiwe.
Umlando wembuyiselo, nentengo yokungena
Kusukela ngo-2011 kuze kube ngu-2024 i-Bitcoin yanqwabelana ngezinga okungekho nkomba ejwayelekile eyasondela ekulifinyeleleni, idlula i-S&P 500 eminyakeni eminingi yaleyo ngomehluko omkhulu. Beka lokho eshadini bese kubukeka njengesinqumo esilula kunazo zonke umuntu ake asenza.
Ishadi liqamba amanga ngokushiya. Lishiya ngaphandle ukuthi kwakuzwakala kanjani ukubamba.
I-Bitcoin yehle ngo-70 kuya ku-85% ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa. Isikhathi ngasinye yabuyela futhi yaqhubekela emazingeni amasha aphezulu, kodwa lowo musho ufundeka ngokuzola okukhulu kakhulu kunokuphila phakathi kwakho, ubuka izingxenye ezine kwezinhlanu zesikhundla zinyamalala engxenyeni enkulu yonyaka ngesikhathi wonke umhlaziyi echaza ukuthi kungani kulokhu isiphelile unomphela. Umlando wembuyiselo nomlando wokwehla kuwumlando owodwa obonwa emaceleni amabili. Ubungeke ube nowokuqala ngaphandle kokusinda kowesibili, kanti abantu abathengisa eduze kwaphansi abazange bayithole inombolo esesihlokweni sezindaba. Le yinguqulo eqotho yendaba futhi yiyo inguqulo engiyibuke kahle ku- indlela i-Bitcoin, i-JSE Top 40 nezindlu eziqhathaniswa ngayo eminyakeni eyishumi. Ukusebenza kwesikhathi esedlule akuqinisekisi lutho. Leso sexwayiso siyinkulumo nje ejwayelekile kuyo yonke enye indawo kodwa lapha sithwele isisindo sangempela.
Lapho indlala ivela khona ngempela
Igolide liyindlala ngoba kunzima ngokwemvelo yomhlaba ukulikhipha emhlabathini. I-Bitcoin iyindlala ngoba umthetho usho kanjalo, kanti umthetho uphoqelelwa yi-node ngayinye ephelele eqhuba isofthiwe kunanoma yiliphi igunya elingacindezelwa. Umkhawulo uyizinhlamvu eziyizigidi ezingu-21. Akuwona umhlahlandlela noma umgomo. Noma yimuphi umzamo wokuwushintsha wenqatshwa yinethiwekhi ngokuzenzakalela nangaphandle kokudlulisa icala, ngoba ubuzophambana nenzuzo yezomnotho yabo kanye abantu obekuyofanele bawuvume.
Lowo mehluko unesisindo esingaphezu kwalokho obonakala ngakho ekuqaleni. Indlala yegolide iyanwebeka. Lapho intengo yegolide igijima, abavukuzi bafaka imishini engcono, bavule kabusha imigodi ebingatheni bemba bajule, ngakho izintengo eziphezulu zibiza inani elisha. Noma ngubani waseNingizimu Afrika oke wabuka idolobha lezimayini liphefumula lingena liphuma nentengo yegolide ukubonile lokhu kwenzeka. Indlala ye-Bitcoin ayinwebeki ngendlela okungekho mpahla ephathekayo engayilingisa. Ukufaka imishini eminingi yokuvukuza akusheshisi ukukhishwa ngisho nangohlamvu olulodwa. Ishejuli imisiwe, kanti cishe njalo eminyakeni emine izinga lokukhishwa okusha lehla ngesigamu esigamekweni inethiwekhi esibiza nge-halving. Abavukuzi babehola izinhlamvu ezingamashumi amahlanu ngebhulokhi ngo-2009. Kusukela ngo-2024 bahola u-3.125. Cishe ngonyaka ka-2140 ukukhishwa okusha kuma ngokuphelele, kanti ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye azo zonke izinhlamvu eziyoke zibe khona sezivukuziwe kakade.
Ngenxa yalawo ma-halving, isilinganiso se-stock-to-flow se-Bitcoin, isikali esiqhathanisa inani elikhona nenani elisha, siqhubeka sikhuphuka sidlula esegolide. Ngaleso sikali iba yi-asethi yemali eyindlala kakhulu kunazo zonke ezake zakalwa. Ngichaze impikiswano yemali egcwele kakhudlwana yalokhu ku- i-Bitcoin njengemali eqinile, kanti yiyo mpawu eyodwa esinda kuyo yonke impikiswano ngentengo.
Ukuhlukaniseka kwenza umsebenzi osele. Uhlamvu ngalunye luhlukana lube ngamayunithi ayizigidi eziyikhulu, ngakho umuntu waseNingizimu Afrika oqala ngo-R500 ngenyanga unesikhundla sangempela, noma sincane. Awudingi uhlamvu olugcwele njengoba nje ungadingi i-Krugerrand egcwele.
Okwashintshwa ngabathengi bezinkampani
Ukufika kwababambi bezinkampani nezikhungo kwashintsha isakhiwo sokuthi ubani obamba i-Bitcoin, kanti isakhiwo yiso esingithakazelisayo kakhulu kunentengo yanoma yiliphi iviki elithile.
Inkampani ehambisa ingxenye ye-treasury yayo iye kwi-Bitcoin futhi esho ngokusobala ukuthi ayihlosile ukuthengisa yethula uhlobo lombambi onombono wesikhathi omude kakhulu. Njengoba lelo qembu likhula, inani elitholakala ngempela kumthengi olandelayo liyancipha, ngoba uhlamvu oluhlezi kwi-treasury yenkampani enombono weshumi leminyaka akulona uhlamvu olusemakethe. Ukukhishwa okusha sekuvele kuwuconsi nje futhi kwehla ngesigamu kubheke kuqanda. Beka isibalo esikhulayo sababambi abenqaba ukuthengisa phezu kwenani elingakwazi ukwanda, usuchaze ukucindezeleka okungadingi umnyango wokukhangisa ukukuchaza. Lokhu kuyisimo esifanayo esenza abanye abantu baphambanise ukunqwabelana okuzothile nebhamuza, ukudideka engikuqaqa ku- ukuthi ngabe i-Bitcoin iyibhamuza yini.
Akukho kwalokho okuyisithembiso ngentengo. Kuyincazelo yamapayipi, kanti amapayipi ayadina futhi athembeke kakhulu kunesiprofetho. Isisekelo sababambi esikhulayo futhi esenqaba ukuthengisa asiqinisekisi lutho ekoteni ethile, kodwa siyimakethe ehluke kakhulu kuneminyaka yokuqala lapho cishe lonke uhlamvu olukhona lwalungashintsha izandla ngosuku olubi.
Uhlangothi lwaseNingizimu Afrika
I-Bitcoin ibizwa ngamadola yonke indawo, okushintsha lokho umtshalimali waseJohannesburg noma waseGeorge akuthengayo ngempela. Awuzitholeli nje i-asethi. Uzitholela ukuchayeka entweni ehlala ngokuphelele ngaphandle kohlelo lwemali lwerandi, ngakho lapho irandi liba buthaka, isikhundla se-Bitcoin esibanjwe lapha sizuza ngokwerandi ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, ngaphandle kwefomu lemvume yaphesheya nangaphandle komugqa wokulawulwa kokuphuma kwemali. Irandi lilahlekelwe cishe ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa ngokumelene nedola eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Lokho kuvuza okuhamba kancane kuyisizinda sazo zonke izinqumo zokonga zaseNingizimu Afrika, noma ngabe umongi uyakuqamba noma cha.
Lokhu kuyinto ehlukile ekuthengeni amasheya aphesheya, okusebenzisa izabelo zakho zonyaka nenqubo esemthethweni. Kuphinde kuthwale ukuphathwa kwentela kwakho. I-SARS iphatha i-Bitcoin njenge-asethi, kanti ukudayiswa kungaphansi kwentela yenzuzo yemali enkulu noma intela yemali engenayo kuye ngokuthi uyatshala noma uyahweba. Ababambi besikhathi eside abangahwebi ngenkuthalo bavame ukuwela ngaphansi kohlaka lwenzuzo yemali enkulu, kodwa ukuhlukaniswa kuncike ohlotsheni lomsebenzi, ngakho qinisekisa isikhundla sakho nochwepheshe wentela oqeqeshiwe ngaphambi kokuba wakhe okuthile okubalulekile. Gcina amarekhodi alokho okukhokhile, isikhathi othenge ngaso nalokho othengise ngakho.
Isizathu sokuthi umuzwa wensimbi ufanelwe ukuhlonishwa nhlobo siyisihloko sengosi ende engayibhala nge- kungani abatshalimali bayeka ukuhlonipha igolide nezimpahla. Inguqulo emfushane wukuthi ama-asethi ayindlala angakhokhi nzalo akhishwa kancane kancane kumaphothifoliyo ochwepheshe ngezizathu ezaziphathelene nezimali ezikhokhwayo kunama-asethi uqobo. I-Bitcoin ingena kulo kanye igumbi ihlangabezana neziphikiso ezifanayo.
Indlela ebengingayibamba ngayo ngempela
Ukuthenga kuyisinqumo sokuqala futhi esilula. Ukuyigcina kungesesibili futhi yiso esihlukanisa isilondolozi senani endabeni oyixoxa e-braai.
Kubantu abaningi ngikuhlela njengokunqwabelana okuzinzile kwanyanga zonke, okususa umbuzo wesikhathi sokungena umqondo womjaho wegolide owenza abantu bazikhathaze ngawo. Awuzami ukubamba iphansi. Unqwabelana i-asethi eyindlala eminyakeni eminingi, ngamabomu, ngemali ebekelwe lowo mbono wesikhathi. Ngaphezu kobukhulu obuthile ingxoxo iphendukela ekugcinweni, ngoba i-asethi ye-bearer ongayilawuli ngempela imane iyisithembiso esivela kunoma ngubani oyilawulayo. Yingakho ngihambisa amaklayenti ekuzigcineleni okuqondiswayo, kanti ezikhundleni ezinkulu kwisakhiwo se-multisig lapho kungekho khiye owodwa ongahambisa izinhlamvu wodwa. Uma kungekho kwalokho okusho lutho kuwe okwamanje, qala nge- indlela ukuzigcinela okusebenza ngayo eNingizimu Afrika ngaphambi kokuba uzikhathaze ngobukhulu.
Isikhundla sami sisemarekhodini futhi akusona esithokozisayo. Ingxenye ethile yengcebo yesikhathi eside ifanele ukuhlala kwi-asethi eyindlala ehlala ngaphandle kohlelo lwemali lwasekhaya futhi ongazibambela yona. I-Bitcoin iyithuluzi elingcono kakhulu elake lakhelwa lowo msebenzi. Umqondo womjaho wegolide uzoqhubeka uyithengisa njengomjaho omfushane. Ngingathanda uyiphathe njengeshumi leminyaka lokubamba elihamba kancane kakhulu, elidina kakhulu oyoke ujabule ngokuthi walihlala. Uma yileyo nguqulo ekuthakazelisayo, bhukha ingcingo yokuhlela i-Bitcoin bese siyakha ngendlela efanele.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ingabe umjaho wegolide we-Bitcoin usuphelile?
Awuzange ube khona umjaho wegolide ngomqondo inkulumo ewusikiselayo. Akekho ongemba ngokushesha ukwenza i-Bitcoin eningi, ngakho umvuzo awuyi kulowo ofika kuqala. Uya kulowo obambayo ngesikhathi umhlaba wonke usafinyelela. Inani lezinhlamvu lisanomkhawulo wezigidi ezingu-21 kanti ukukhishwa okusha kuqhubeka kwehla ngesigamu kubheke kuqanda. Osekuphelile wumqondo wokuthi lokhu kuwumjaho omfushane, uma wake waba yiwo.
Ingabe sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthenga i-Bitcoin?
Lo mbuzo ufika kuwo wonke amazinga entengo futhi uhlala uzwakala uphuthuma. Impendulo eqotho wukuthi ukuthi noma yikuphi ukungena kuzobonakala kusekuseni noma sekwephuzile kwaziwa kuphela sekwedlule. Okungashintshanga yisakhiwo: inani elimisiwe lisho ukuthi wonke umthengi uncintisana ngesabelo sezinhlamvu eziyizigidi ezingu-21, kanti uma nje isidingo sikhula ngokumelene nenani elingakwazi ukukhula, lowo mkhawulo umile noma ngabe intengo yanamuhla iyini. Thengela ishumi leminyaka, hhayi inyanga.
Ingabe i-SARS iyazithelisa izinzuzo ze-Bitcoin?
Yebo. I-SARS iphatha i-Bitcoin njenge-asethi, kanti ukudayiswa kudonsa intela yenzuzo yemali enkulu noma intela yemali engenayo kuye ngokuthi uyatshala noma uyahweba. Ababambi besikhathi eside abangahwebi ngenkuthalo bavame ukuwela ngaphansi kohlaka lwenzuzo yemali enkulu, kodwa ukuhlukaniswa kuncike ohlotsheni lomsebenzi. Gcina amarekhodi alokho okukhokhile, isikhathi othenge ngaso nalokho othengise ngakho, futhi uqinisekise isikhundla sakho nochwepheshe wentela oqeqeshiwe.
Iyiphi indlela ephephe kakhulu yokubamba i-Bitcoin eNingizimu Afrika?
I-asethi ye-bearer ongayilawuli ngempela imane iyisithembiso esivela kunoma ngubani oyilawulayo. Izinketho ezimbili eziqinile wukuzigcinela okuqondiswayo nge-hardware wallet kanye, ezikhundleni ezinkulu, uhlelo lwe-multisig lapho kungekho khiye owodwa ongahambisa izinhlamvu wodwa. Zombili zidlula ukushiya i-Bitcoin ku-exchange. Bhukha ingcingo ukuze uthole ukuthi yikuphi okufanele isikhundla sakho.
Lungisa isikhundla sakho se-Bitcoin.
I-SimplB isiza abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukuthenga, ukuvikela nokuhlela i-Bitcoin ngokuhambisana nomthetho, njengoMmeleli Ngokomthetho we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).
Bhukha ingcingo yokwazana