I-Bitcoin Ukuzigcinela eNingizimu Afrika: Kusho ukuthini nokuthi Kwenziwa Kanjani Ngokufanelekile

I-Bitcoin ekuhwebeni isithembiso esivela enkampanini. I-Bitcoin ozibambele yona yimpahla ephethwe ngqo ezandleni zakho. Umehluko uzwakala ngokwezemfundo kuze kube yilapho ukuhoxiswa kwemali kuba yiqhwa, osekwenzekile kaningi ngokwanele, okuhlanganisa nalapha ekhaya, ukuthi isexwayiso esidala kunazo zonke embonini kuseyiso esisodwa esiwusizo kakhulu: hhayi okhiye bakho, hhayi izinhlamvu zakho zemali. Nansi indlela abantu baseNingizimu Afrika abafunda ngayo ukubamba okhiye babo ngendlela efanele.

Kusho ukuthini ukuzibamba

I-Bitcoin iyimpahla yokuthwala. Ukhiye oyimfihlo, inombolo engu-256-bit evezwa isikhwama sakho semali njengomusho wembewu wamagama ayi-12 kuye kwangama-24, akuyona iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti ndawana thize. Yimpahla. Noma ubani ophethe lawo magama ngokulandelana kwawo angasebenzisa i-Bitcoin noma yikuphi emhlabeni ngaphandle kokucela ibhange, ukushintshanisa noma mina. Noma ubani ongazibambi, kuhlanganise nawe ngemva kokuthutha endlini budedengu, akakwazi. Ibinzana elicashunwa yiwo wonke umuntu, hhayi okhiye bakho, hhayi izinhlamvu zemali zakho, leli qiniso nje eligqoke izingubo zalo zokusebenza.

Lelo qiniso elilodwa liqhuba zonke izinqumo ezilandelayo.

Lapho i-Bitcoin yakho ihlezi ekuhwebeni, ukushintshana kuphethe okhiye futhi ubambe okufakiwe kusizindalwazi sabo. Ngokwemibandela yomthetho ungumkweletisi ongavikelekile wenkampani ezimele. Ibhalansi kuhlelo lokusebenza ibukeka njengeyakho. Iziphatha njengeyabo lapho noma yini engahambi kahle, ngoba ukuba nezihluthulelo ukuphela kweqiniso inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin eliqaphelayo.

Ukuzibamba akuyona into eyodwa futhi. Iqala kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-wallet olulula ocingweni lwakho, olulungele ukusebenzisa imali, nge-wallet yehadiwe eyodwa futhi ifike ku-vault ye-multisignature egcwele lapho ungekho ukhiye owodwa ongahambisa izimali ngokwawo. Izinga elilungile lincike kusayizi wokubamba kanye nokuthi inombolo ingakubiza kangakanani uma inganyamalala ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

Ukwehluleka kokushintshisana okuqhubeka kufundisa isifundo

I-Mt Gox iphathe cishe u-70% wakho konke ukuthengiselana kwe-Bitcoin ngesikhathi esiphezulu. Ekuqaleni kuka-2014 cishe i-850,000 BTC yayisinyamalele ngenhlanganisela yokuphepha okubuthakathaka nokubola kwangaphakathi. Abakweletwayo balinde iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukuze bakhokhe ingxenye ethile futhi abaningi babo kade bayeka ukukholelwa ukuthi imali ikhona. I-Bitfinex ilahlekelwe cishe yi-120,000 BTC ngo-2016 naphezu kokuqhuba uhlelo lwe-multisig nochwepheshe wesithathu. I-FTX yawa ngoNovemba 2022 ngaphandle kokugetshengwa nganoma yimuphi umqondo wezobuchwepheshe. Imali yeklayenti yayingekho nje. Iphethini nayo ayikayeki: I-Bybit ihlangabezane nenye yama-hack okushintshaniswa okukodwa okukhulu kunakho konke okurekhodiwe ngo-2025.

INingizimu Afrika inombhalo wayo kuleyo ncwadi. NgoMashi 2021 ukushintshana kwendawo i-iCE3X yamisa ukuhweba ngemuva kokubika ukungezwani ezilinganisweni zayo ze-Bitcoin ne-Litecoin, yabe isinqanyulwa ngesikhathi amakhasimende emile ngemuva kwabameli. Akekho lapha owayedinga ukulandela imibiko yasenkantolo yaseTokyo ukuze afunde isifundo. Yayifundiswa ngerandi.

Akukho kulokhu okuyingxabano yokuthi i-Bitcoin yehlulekile.

Iphrothokholi icubungule konke kwalokhu kuwa ngaphandle kokuphuthelwa yibhlokhi, umehluko engiwubeke kuwo lokho okugetshengiwe nokungagetshengwanga. Izinkampani eziphethe izinhlamvu zemali egameni labanye abantu zehlulekile, okuwuhlobo oludala kakhulu lokwehluleka ukugqoka uphawu olusha. Ngibeka amamodeli amabili eceleni ukuzibophezela ngokumelene nelungelo lokushintshisana. Inguqulo emfushane ukuthi ukushintshaniswa kuyindawo enengqondo yokuthenga i-Bitcoin nendawo empofu yokuyishiya.

Kukhona isendlalelo sendawo engxabano futhi. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika sebevele baphila ngokulawulwa kokuhwebelana, ngamabhange aba yiqhwa kuqala bese ebuza imibuzo kamuva kanye nerandi elilahlekelwe cishe ngama-70% uma liqhathaniswa nedola eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Isikhundla se-Bitcoin esizibambe kahle siyingxenye eyodwa yebhalansi yakho lapho kungekho muntu wesithathu ohlezi phakathi kwakho nempahla yakho. Lokho kuyisitatimende sesakhiwo, akusona isimemo sokufihla noma yini. Amakhasimende ami amemezela ukuthi abambe iqhaza futhi alandele imithetho. Izihluthulelo ukuba ngesakho kanye nomuntu okhokhelwayo wentela yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele.

Ukuthenga nokumisa isikhwama sehadiwe ngendlela efanele

I-wallet yehadiwe iyidivayisi encane engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi egcina ukhiye wakho wangasese ukude kunoma iyiphi i-malware eqoqwe ikhompuyutha yakho ephathekayo ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Lindela ukukhokha phakathi kuka-R2,000 no-R10,000. Yithenge ngokuqondile kumkhiqizi noma kumdayisi ogunyaziwe, nanoma lokho kubiza kakhulu futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ungalokothi uthenge iyunithi eyisekeni futhi ungalokothi uthenge ngezinkundla zemakethe njenge-eBay noma i-Takealot, ngoba amaketanga okunikezwa kwezingxenyekazi zehadiwe ayabanjwa. Idivayisi ephazamisekile ingafika ne-malware efakiwe noma okhiye bayo sebekopishwe yinoma ubani oyipakishe kabusha. Hlola ukuthi ama-seal aphelele yini futhi usebenzise noma yikuphi ukuqinisekiswa okuhlola umkhiqizi ngaphambi kokukwethemba ngesenti.

Kumabhrendi: Ngimise futhi ngasekela amayunithi e-Trezor, Ileja, Coldcard, BitBox kanye ne-Keystone eminyakeni edlule futhi wonke ahloniphekile. Ibhrendi ibala ngaphansi kakhulu kunokuthola kanye nesiyalo sokusekelayo esisilandelayo.

Bese kulandela umusho wembewu, okuyilapho abantu abaningi behluleka khona. Ngesikhathi sokusetha idivayisi izokwethula amagama akho ayi-12 kuya kwangu-24. Wabhale ephepheni futhi uwafake izinombolo ukuze ukulandelana kuqhubeke. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lawo mazwi akumele athinte noma yini ngoxhumo lwenethiwekhi. Ungawathwebuli. Ungawathayiphe kukhompuyutha ukuze uwagcine efayelini. Ungawagcini kunothi lefu, isiphathi sephasiwedi noma okusalungiswa kwe-imeyili kuwe. Ibinzana lembewu elibonwe isikrini alisavikelekile futhi irandi ngalinye elizoke libanjwe yisikhwama semali lisengozini. Amasela awayidingi idivayisi yakho. Bayawadinga lawo mazwi.

Iphepha linezitha zalo. Iyasha, iyashabalala futhi noma ngubani eGeorge angakuqinisekisa ukuthi nayo iyakhukhula. Kunoma yikuphi ukubamba ongakukhumbula ukukulahlekela, gxiviza amagama epuleti lensimbi engagqwali. I-backup yensimbi isusa umlilo nezikhukhula futhi ibiza cishe njengethangi likaphethiloli.

Izikhwama eziningi zehadiwe nazo zinikeza umushwana wokungena, igama lokuzikhethela lama-25 elivula isikhwama semali esifihliwe phezu kwembewu efanayo. Isetshenziswe kahle iyisendlalelo sangempela sokuphepha. Umushwana wokungena awusizi isela ngaphandle kwamagama embewu ahambisana nawo, ngakho-ke lingaphila ngisho nokubonwa obala. Isetshenziswe ngokunganaki i-trapdoor, ngoba umushwana wokungena olahlekile wenza leso sikhwama semali esifihliwe singatholakali unomphela ngaphandle kolayini wokusekela ocingweni. Uma usebenzisa eyodwa, yisekele ngokwehlukana nembewu futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlelo lwefa lakho luyazi ukuthi lukhona.

Hlola ukululama ngaphambi kokuba imali ihambe

Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni engahloliwe iwukuqagela. Ngaphambi kokuthi noma yiliphi inani elibalulekile lihlale esikhwameni, fakazela ukuthi ukuqagela kuyiqiniso. Londoloza ikheli lokuqala lesikhwama sokuthola imali endaweni ekahle. Sula idivayisi noma susa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokuphelele. Bese ubuyisela i-wallet kusuka lutho ngaphandle kwamagama owabhale phansi. Uma i-wallet ebuyisiwe ikhiqiza ikheli elifanayo lokwamukela, isipele sakho sifakazelwa ukuthi sinembile. Uma ingakwenzi, usanda kuthola iphutha eliyinhlekelele ngenkathi kusakhululekile ukulilungisa.

Thumela isivivinyo esincane ngaphambi kwesikhulu, ngoba izinkokhelo ze-Bitcoin azibuyiseleki emuva futhi iphutha lika-R200 liyisifundo kanti iphutha lika-R2 million liyisenzakalo sokuphila. Uma uphatha amakheli, kopisha futhi unamathisele noma uskene ikhodi ye-QR. Ungalokothi uthayiphe kabusha ikheli ngesandla. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ebhodini lokunamathisela luwumkhakha wangempela wokweba, ngakho hlola izinhlamvu ezimbalwa zokuqala nezokugcina uqhathanisa nalokho okubonisa isikhwama semali ngaphambi kokucindezela okuthi thumela. Uma ukuhlolwa sekwehlile, kuqinisekise kusihloli sebhulokhi bese uhambisa ibhalansi.

Angikaze ngihlangane nomuntu ozisole ngokuhlola ukululama.

Lapho i-wallet yehadiwe eyodwa ingasanele

Isikhwama se-hardware esisodwa sinobuthakathaka obubodwa obuthembekile: sigxilisa yonke into kukhiye owodwa. Uma idivayisi kanye ne-Amagama okubuyisela plate yayo kuhlala esisefeni esisodwa, ukugqekeza okukodwa noma umlilo owodwa kuthatha kokubili ntambama. Ezibambisweni ezincane leyo ngcuphe iyalawuleka ngesiyalo kanye nezwe. Kudlule usayizi othile isakhiwo ngokwaso kufanele sikuphathele isiyalo, okuyilokho okwenziwa yi-multisignature custody. Ngimboza oomakhenikha ukugcinwa kweBitcoin kwamasignesha amaningi. Umgomo uhambisana nomusho: okhiye abambalwa, abagcinwe ngokwehlukana, kungekho noyedwa okwazi ukuhambisa izimali.

I-SimplB Vault yileso simiso esisesimweni esiphethwe, i-multisig engu-2-of-3 lapho noma yibaphi okhiye ababili abanganyakazisa i-Bitcoin futhi kungekho qembu elilodwa elingenza lodwa. Uphethe okhiye ababili kumadivayisi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, i-Trezor kanye ne-Ileja, ngayinye enepuleti layo eliyisipele lensimbi. Ngibambe ukhiye wesithathu ku-Coldcard enesikhala somoya ukuze ngithole futhi ngisekele ifa. Uzakhela okhiye bakho nami ngiqondisa zonke izinyathelo futhi angikaze ngibabone noma ngibathinte. Inqubo yokutakula ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba i-sat eyodwa inyakaze. Izikhwama ezimbili zesikhwama kanye namapuleti amabili agcina esezindaweni ezine ezihlukene ezivikelekile ezihlelelwe ukuphila kwakho konke, ngokulandela umthetho osetshenziselwe ukugcinwa kwesikhungo iminyaka: azikho izipele zembewu ezimbili ezike zigcinwe ndawonye. Ukulahlekelwa yinoma yimuphi ukhiye owodwa, noma ngabe ukudubula, ukweba noma ukuduka nje, akulokothi kulahlekelwe yi-Bitcoin. Ushintsha ukhiye olahlekile bese uzungezisa igumbi elingaphansi ngesikhathi uzipholele esikhundleni sokwethuka.

Ngenza amasethingi e-Vault amahlanu ngenyanga, ngokubonisana, ngoba ukuzenza ngendlela efanele kuthatha isikhathi.

Ukuzibamba okusindayo

I-Bitcoin ebanjwe kahle ingaphila ukudlula umnikazi wayo noma ingafa naye. Umehluko yimibhalo. Ifa lakho akufanele nanini libe namagama embewu ngokwawo, ngoba incwadi yefa iba incwadi yomphakathi ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwefa. Kufanele iqukathe izikhombisi-ndlela: lapho kugcinwa khona izipele, ukuthi umushwana wokungena ukhona uma ekhona nokuthi ubani okufanele axhumane naye ukuze uthole usizo. Izindawo ze-Multsig zidinga enye into cishe wonke umuntu ayikhohlwayo, ifayela lokumisa isikhwama semali, imephu etshela isofthiwe yokutakula ukuthi yiziphi izikhiye ezakha isikhwama semali. Ngaphandle kwayo isethi egcwele yamagama embewu isengashiya umenzi wefa ebambekile.

I-Vault yakha indlela yefa kusukela osukwini lokuqala. Umabi wakho akudingeki abe zobuchwepheshe futhi akadingi ukulandelela yonke idivayisi owake waba nayo. Ukubuyisa noma iyiphi eyodwa yezipele zembewu yakho kwanele, ngoba ukhiye wami wokutakula we-Coldcard usayina kanye nawo ukuze ufinyelele umkhawulo we-2-of-3 futhi ukhulule i-Bitcoin kumyalelo wefa lakho. Ngihamba ngenqubo yefa kwenzekani ngeBitcoin yakho uma ushona eNingizimu Afrika, kuhlanganise nalokho abafayo ababhekana nakho ngempela.

Izigidi zemali sezivele zilahlekile unomphela. Umndeni wakho awudingi ukwengeza esibalweni.

Lapho ukuzibamba okuqondisiwe kungena khona

Isikhundla sami kulula ukusisho. Uma i-Bitcoin yakho ibiza ngaphezu kwemali ongayishiya ngenjabulo esihlalweni semoto, izikhiye zingezakho futhi ukusetha kufanele kwenziwe kanye, ngendlela efanele. Nginikela ngokuzigcina ngokwami kusukela ku-R10,000. Wenza zonke izinyathelo ezibucayi ngezandla zakho kuyilapho ngibheke amaphutha athule: ikhophi yasenqolobaneni engaqinisekisiwe, ikheli alikaze lihlolwe, igama lembewu elibhalwe ngokungahlelekile. Ukugibela i-Financial Intelligence Center Act (FICA) -okuthobelana nge-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933), ngakho ukubamba okhiye bakho nokuhlala ungumkhokhi wentela othobelayo akuzange kube nengxabano.

Amaphutha ekuzibambeleni agcwele phambili. Cishe yonke into engahambi kahle ayihambanga kahle ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ekusetheni ngokwako, kusipele esingakaze sihlolwe, esithombeni esithathwe ukuze kube lula. Yilokho kanye ukunwetshwa lapho isiqondiso sigcina khona. Ngemuva kwalokho isiyalo siba yisicefe, okusesitokisini okuwukuncoma okuphezulu kakhulu okukhona.