Imali ye-Fiat, i-Unyuko lwamaxabiso, kunye nesizathu sokuba i-Bitcoin's Fixed Supply Matters

Elinye icala lale nto linokushicilela ngakumbi ngokwalo nanini na xa uxinzelelo lusakha. Elinye icala alinako, ngokuyila, nokuba ngubani na ofuna. Iimali ze-Fiat zilahlekelwa amandla okuthenga ngokuhamba kwexesha kuba unikezelo oluhlala lukhula ekugqibeleni luyakwenza. I-Bitcoin iyazibamba kwi-21 yezigidi zemali kwishedyuli akukho mntu unokulungisa. Kubemi boMzantsi Afrika abathe bayibukela irandi isiya igxalathelana kwidola kangangexesha elingcono lobomi, loo mahluko uyeka ukuba yinkcazo yemali kwaye uqalise ukuba ngumntu.

Igama elithi "fiat" livela kwisiLatini elithi "mayenziwe." Imali ye-fiat inexabiso elithile kuba urhulumente eyichaza ukuba ixabisa okuthile, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba ixhaswa yiyo nayiphi na into ebonakalayo onokuyilinganisa esandleni sakho.

Imali yayingasoloko isebenza. Kuninzi lwembali erekhodiweyo imali yayibotshelelwa kwimpahla yorhwebo, kwaye umgangatho wegolide owawunxulumanisa amanqaku ephepha kubunzima obumiselweyo begolide wawusebenza njengebhuleki kwindlela urhulumente anokuchitha ngayo ngokukhululekileyo. Isiqhoboshi sehla ngokwamanqanaba. I-United States yenza ikhefu lokugqibela kwigolide ngo-Agasti 1971, xa uMongameli uNixon wayephelisa ukuguqulwa kwedola kwaye wavala ixesha leBretton Woods. Yonke imali engundoqo ukususela ngoko, ngokomgaqo, iprinteka ngaphandle komda. U-Milton Friedman uchithe i-career ephikisanayo ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuhlala kwaye yonke indawo yinto yemali, ukuba xa ukunikezelwa kwemali kukhula ngokukhawuleza kunokunikezelwa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo, amaxabiso akhuphuka. Ayiloyelenqe. Yi-arithmetic, kwaye yi-arithmetic wonke umlondolozi ogqiba ukuyihlawula.

Ukushicilelwa kwemali kujongeka njani kwisikali

Iminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo iqhube olo lingelo kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe mntu ngaphambili. Malunga nobhubhane i-United States ikhulise unikezelo lwemali lwe-M2 ngaphezulu kwama-40% ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu. I-European Ibhanki enkulu, iBhanki yaseNgilani kunye neBhanki yaseJapan baqhube iinguqulelo zabo zencwadi yokudlala efanayo, kunye neebhanki ezisahlumayo zemarike zajoyina apho zinakho.

Akukho mntu uvoteleyo kuyo. Imiphumo yafika kunjalo.

Xa uqoqosho luvaliwe ngo-2020 imali entsha ayizange ivelise iimpahla ezininzi ngokukhawuleza. Yahlala kwi-system ilindile. Xa amakhonkco obonelelo ethotywa ngo-2021 nango-2022 ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwafika kuyo yonke indawo ngaxeshanye, kwipetroli, ekutyeni, kwizinto zokwakha, kwimedical aid nakwi-inshorensi, kunye nerandi kwi-akhawunti nganye yogcino-mali ithengwe ngokuzolileyo ngaphantsi kunangaphambili. Ndikhangela into eyenziwa kukuvuza okucothayo kubomi bonke bogcino lwebhanki kwenzeka ntoni kugcino lwakho. Uguqulelo olufutshane kukuba le yinkqubo esebenza njengoko iyilwe, nokuba ayizange ipapashwe ngolo hlobo.

Inguqulelo yaseMzantsi Afrika, ngamanani

Abemi boMzantsi Afrika abayifuni le nto icaciswe kwi-abstract. Siye saphila.

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso apha kumyinge we-8.47% ngonyaka ukususela ngo-1968 kwaye kuchukumise i-20.7% ngoJanyuwari 1986. Ishumi leminyaka lakutshanje libonakale lizolile xa lithelekisa, kwaye amaxabiso omthengi asanyuka nge-65% phakathi ko-2010 no-2020, umyinge we-5.2% ngonyaka, kwinqanaba le-Reserve Bank ibala phakathi kweempumelelo zayo. Akukho mntu waziva ephangiwe nangayiphi na inyanga. Nabani na oshiye imali eyonge ixesha elide kule minyaka ilishumi usaphulukene nesinye kwisithathu sento awayenokuyithenga. Njengoko ndibhala phakathi ku-2026 izinga elisemthethweni linyuke laya kutsho kwi-4.5%, liqhutywa ikakhulu ngamafutha, ngepetroli inyuke phantse ngama-25% enyakeni kwaye idizili imbi kakhulu. Umxhasi okufutshane neGeorge wayibeka yacaca ebusika obudlulileyo: uncedo lwakhe lwezonyango, amaxabiso akhe kunye nepetroli yakhe yonke igqithile kumvuzo wakhe iminyaka emithathu ibaleka, kwaye iakhawunti yakhe yemalike yemali ibingekasondeli ekugcinweni kwayo.

Emva koko kukho inxalenye phantse akukho mntu ufundayo. NgoMatshi ka-2020, xa imakethi yebhondi yasekhaya yathinjwa, i-SARB yabhengeza ukuba izakwenza imali yokuthenga iibhondi zikarhulumente, kwaye yaqala ukuthenga nge-20 kaMatshi, kwiintsuku ezintlanu phambi kokuba kubhengezwe ngokusemthethweni. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha ka-2020 ibisele iqokelele i-R38.8 yeebhiliyoni kumaphepha karhulumente, kwaye i-balance sheet yayo ikhule phantse nge-15% kuloo nyanga inye kaMatshi. I-Bhanki ibisoloko igxininisa ukuba oku ibikukusebenza kwemarike kunokuba kube lula. Kwi-mechanics ndithatha inqaku. Isifundo siyasinda kwileyibhile. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo olwaneleyo umnyanzelo washukunyiswa, kwaye imali ephilileyo yiyo kanye lowo uthintelo lwakhe lungenako.

Ulungiselelo lwe-GFECRA ka-2024 libali elifanayo kwisuti ethule. Loo akhawunti irekhoda iinzuzo zohlaziyo koovimba belizwe begolide kunye notshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Ihleli kuthango lweebhiliyoni zeerandi ezingama-28 ngo-2003. Amashumi amabini eminyaka yobuthathaka beerandi yatyhalela ngaphaya kwama-R500 eebhiliyoni ngo-2024, kwaye i-R150 yeebhiliyoni zayo ngoku ihlawulwa kuNondyebo kwiminyaka emithathu, ixhaswa ngezimali hayi ngokuthengisa nabaphi na oovimba kodwa ngokudala amatyala amatsha ebhanki enguvimba. Iingcali zezoqoqosho ezifunda i-plumbing ziqaphela ukuba i-balance sheet isiphumo sibonisa ukulula kobungakanani nokuba kubizwa ntoni na. Ngo-Oktobha 2025 imali ebanzi ibikhula nge-7.5% ngonyaka, nge-R22.4 yeebhiliyoni zokwandiswa kwenyanga enye ivela kumabango amatsha kwicandelo likarhulumente.

Inzuzo yokuhlaziya ukuba inkulu ayiyongeniso yorhwebo. Yiminyaka engamashumi amabini yemali etyibilikayo, ebhalwe ngobunono ngabacwangcisi-mali bakarhulumente. Ndimise eso silayidi side sangena ukuba ukutyibilika kwerandi kwidola kuthetha ntoni kwiBitcoin.

Kutheni unikezelo olusisigxina lweBitcoin alukho iinkcukacha ezincinci zobugcisa

Umgaqo-nkqubo wemali weBitcoin uphelele kwisivakalisi esinye. Kuya kuze kubekho iingqekembe ezizizigidi ezingama-21 kuphela kwaye umlinganiselo wokuvela kwezintsha ube sisiqingatha rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine de kuyeke ukukhutshwa.

I-Satoshi Nakamoto yasungula inethiwekhi ngoJanuwari 2009 kwaye yabhala ukuba i-cap kwi-Umgaqo we-Bitcoin kungekhona njengomgaqo-nkqubo nabani na onokuwuhlaziya kodwa njengomgaqo onyanzeliswa yi-node epheleleyo eqhuba isofthiwe. Iingqekembe ezintsha zingena ngemigodi. Abasebenzi basezimayini bafumene i-50 ngebloko nganye ngo-2009. Emva kwesiqingatha sika-Epreli ka-2024 bafumana i-3.125, kwaye ekuqaleni koo-2030 iya kuba ngaphantsi kwesinye. Ngaphezulu kweshumi elinethoba kwizigidi ezingamashumi amabini ananye sele zikhutshiwe, ngoko ke ihlabathi lihlangabezane nobuninzi bobonelelo eliya kuze likufumane. Akukho bhanki enguvimba inokuvota ukuba yandise. Akukho ngxaki inokuyikhulula. Akukho komiti ihleli emva kwayo, kuba akukho komiti kwaphela.

Lowo ngumahluko wonke, kwaye kumntu okhuliswe apho imali ithotywe amashumi eminyaka ayincinci.

Abantu bafikelela kwigama elithi "unbacked" apha kwaye balibuyisele ngasemva. I-Bitcoin ayixhaswanga sisithembiso esinokuphulwa phantsi koxinzelelo. Ixhaswa ngumgaqo othi isithembiso asinako ukuwutyeshela. Apho isithintelo sebhanki ephakathi kukugwetywa kwabantu abaxhamlayo ekuyikhululeni, ukunyanzeliswa kweBitcoin ngumgca wesivumelwano esigatya nayiphi na ibhloko ezama ukudibanisa ngaphezu kweshedyuli ivumela, ngokuzenzekelayo, kungekho mntu ukunyanzelisa kwaye akukho sibheno kwifayile. Yiyo loo nto isiqingatha singazange sityibilike nakanye. I-spike yemfuno ayikukhawulezisi. Umothuko welizwe nezopolitiko awuwuyeki. Ishedyuli ibaleka nje, ibhloke emva kwebhloko, ingakhathali nokuba yintoni na umntu angathanda ukuba yenziwe.

Yintoni ukunqongophala okuthengayo ngokwenene

Ukunqongophala ngokwako akunto yanto. Ukubaleka okulinganiselweyo kwayo nantoni na akukho mntu uyifunayo kuhlala kutshiphu. Yintoni enika amazinyo okunqongophala kweBitcoin yiyo yonke into efika iqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Kuya kuze kubekho izigidi ezingama-21 kuphela. Umdla wayo uye wakhula unyaka nonyaka. Isebenza njengomphathi we-asethi kunye nenethiwekhi yokuhlalisa kanye, kwaye nabani na unokuqinisekisa unikezelo olupheleleyo oluvela kwikhompyuter eqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokucela imvume kumphefumlo.

Misela loo nto ngokuchasene nerandi. I-SARB ipapasha amanani ayo okubonelela ngemali kwaye andiwathandabuzi, kodwa awukwazi ukuqinisekisa ngexesha lokwenyani ukuba zingaphi iirandi ezikhoyo okanye ezenziwe kule kota. Uyalithemba iziko lokulawula imali ngokufanelekileyo kwaye lithathe iindleko xa uxinzelelo luphumelela. NgeBitcoin akukho ziko lokuthembela kwindawo yokuqala. Kukho ikhowudi kunye nemathematika kunye nothungelwano loomatshini abanyanzelisa zombini, ngelixa abanini soze bathembane. Ndiyenza loo nto ngokupheleleyo Bitcoin njengemali evakalayo, kunye nengxoxo ethembekileyo yothango olujikeleze kuyo Bitcoin njengothango.

Ukuthelekiswa negolide kufanelekile ukumisa, kuba igolide yenze lo msebenzi kangangeenkulungwane kwaye ifanelwe yimbeko. Igolide yahlala ivakala ixesha elide kuba yayiyeyona nto yayinzima emhlabeni ukuyivelisa, unikezelo lwayo lunyuka ngaphantsi kwe-2% ngonyaka nokuba umntu wayefuna kakubi kangakanani na. Kodwa unikezelo lwegolide lusezimpendulo kwixabiso. Xa isinyithi sisebenza, abasebenzi basezimayini baphinda bavule ishafti eziseludinini baze bacokise intsimbi ekrwada ehlwempuzekileyo, yaye ekugqibeleni kufika into entsha ukuze ihlangabezane nolo mdla. Iimpendulo zonikezelo lweBitcoin akukho nto. Abasebenzi basezimayini abangakumbi kunye noomatshini abakhawulezayo abanako ukudibanisa ingqekembe enye eyongezelelweyo, kuba iprotocol yenza ngokulula iphazili ukuze ishedyuli ibambe. Umsebenzi uyinyani kwaye umbane uyinyani, kwaye akukho namnye kuwo ohambisa inani ngesatoshi enye.

Ungenza ntoni ngale nto ukuba wonga ngerandi

Isigqibo asikukuba akufuneki ubambe irandi. Ufumana irandi kwaye uchithe ngerandi, kwaye ingxowa-mali yakho kaxakeka yeyerandi, iyadika kwaye ifikeleleka ngoko nangoko. Inxalenye yobutyebi bakho ecetyelwe ukuhlala ingachazwanga iminyaka elishumi ngumbuzo owahlukileyo, kwaye ifanele isixhobo esingenakwandiswa ngokuthula ngelixa silindile.

I-Bitcoin ayiyi kuziphatha njengediphozithi esisigxina endleleni apho. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuncinci ngonyaka okusi-2% kuqoqosho olutyebileyo, kunye ne-5% okanye i-6% ekufutshane kumava exesha elide oMzantsi Afrika, urhafa ngemali ezinkozo minyaka le ngaphandle kokukuthumelela ityala. Nge-6% amandla akho okuthenga ayaqina malunga neminyaka elishumi elinesibini.

Ishedyuli yonikezelo lweBitcoin ayinakuhlengahlengiswa ukuze isebenze umjikelo wohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, eyona nto ingenayo i-fiat yepropathi, kwaye kungenxa yoko le nto ndiyigcina kumbindi wencoko yabathengi nangona ixabiso layo lingawa 30% kwikota kwaye wenze njalo ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye. Oko kuguquguquka ziindleko ze-asethi eselula ekufumaneni inqanaba layo kwimarike evulekileyo kungekho bhanki ephakathi igudisa uhambo, yiyo loo nto ndigxininisa kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi kuye wonke umntu endisebenza naye.

Ngokwenyani, ndimisela ukuba ukuthenga rhoqo ngenyanga ukusuka kwi-R1,000 ngenyanga, ukuhambisa abathengi kukhuseleko lokwenene ukusuka kwi-R10,000 apho izitshixo zihlala ezandleni zabo endaweni yokutshintshiselana, kunye neempahla ezinkulu eziya kwiVault ukuze kungabikho sixhobo esinye okanye kuqhekezwa okunokuhambisa iingqekembe. Ukuba irandi ayenzi nto kwiakhawunti yakho yeyona nto ikugcina uphezulu, qala isicwangciso senyanga se-Bitcoin yokonga kwaye uvumele ixesha kunye nonikezelo olusisigxina zenze umsebenzi wemali engenakho.