Imali yeMali kaHenry Ford: Ingcamango yeBitcoin ekugqibeleni yaqondwa
Kwinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba nabani na enze iBitcoin, uHenry Ford wayefuna ukubuyisela imali ngamandla endaweni yegolide. Ingcamango yangcwatywa kwaye yalityalwa. I-Bitcoin oko yakha into enokwenziwa nguFord kuphela, imali yehlabathi esekelwe kwinkcitho yokwenyani yamandla kunye nemithetho enyanzeliswa yimathematika kunalo naliphi na igunya ebenokulithemba.
Ukuthathwa okungundoqo
AbakwaFord babefuna ukukhutshwa kwemali ngokuchasene neeyunithi zamandla endaweni yegolide elawulwa ziibhanki. Ithuku lalilungile, kuba amandla kunzima ukugcina kwaye akunakwenzeka ukwenza umgunyathi, kodwa inguqulelo yakhe isayame kwigunya likarhulumente kwaye ayinakuze isebenze ngaphaya kwemida. Ubungqina beBitcoin bomsebenzi bubophelela imali kumbane wokwenyani kwihlabathi jikelele, kwishedyuli yonikezelo akukho ziko linokulungisa. Leyo yi-gap Ford ayikwazanga ukuvala, kwaye yathatha ikhulu leminyaka kunye ne-intanethi ukuyivala.
Yintoni eyacetywa nguFord
NgoDisemba 1921 iNew York Tribune yaqhuba udliwano-ndlebe apho uHenry Ford, encotsheni yodumo lwakhe, wayila icebo loko wayekubiza ngokuba yimali yamandla. Imvelaphi yayingumlo womgangatho wegolide kunye nendlela yokuhlawulela imfazwe yehlabathi eyayisandula ukuyigqiba. Isikhalazo sikaFord sasingacacanga. Wayekholelwa ukuba iqaqobana leebhanki lingacudisa uqoqosho lonke ngokulawula ukuba ngubani ophethe igolide.
Ukulungiswa kwakhe yayikukukhupha imali ngokuchasene nemveliso yophuhliso lombane wamanzi awayefuna ukwakhiwa eMuscle Shoals, kuMlambo waseTennessee e-Alabama. Kunokuba aqhoboshele imali yesizwe kwintsimbi eyayinokugqunywa, ithunyelwe kude nonxweme okanye ivalwe ngezona ngxokolo zinzulu, wayefuna ukuba ibethelelwe kwinto eyayifanele iveliswe ngelo xesha ize isetyenziswe. IiKilowatts, hayi iikharati.
Akukho mntu eWashington wayithatha ngokungathí sina. I-Ford yakha iimoto, kungekhona ithiyori yemali, kwaye ingcamango yafakwa njengehashe lokuzilibazisa lendoda ehlakaniphile ezulazula ngaphandle kwendlela yakhe. I-Muscle Shoals ekugqibeleni yakhiwa njengeprojekthi yoluntu kwaye yaba yimbewu ye-Tennessee Valley Authority. Imali ayizange yenzeke. Into eyasindayo lithuku elingaphantsi kwayo.
Elo thuku lalichanekile.
Funda i-pitch ka-1921 namhlanje kwaye ivakala incinci njenge-crank kwaye ngakumbi njengendoda ejonge ingxaki anokuyichaza kodwa engayikhi indlela yokuphuma kuyo. Wayefuna imali engenakuxutyushwa ngummiselo, imali okunikezelwa kwayo kwakubotshelelwe kwinto omele uyivelise ngokwenene, imali ekhupha isabhokhwe ezandleni zakhe nabani na olawula oovimba. Yonke le minqweno ichaza ipropathi yemali eyayiqondwa ngoosoqoqosho kangangeenkulungwane kwaye akukho nkqubo ye-fiat yakha yaziswa, kuba imali onokuyiprinta yimali umntu oza kuyiprinta ekugqibeleni. I-Ford ayizange iphosakele ngendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Waphila nje iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ngaphambi kokuba nabani na abe nezixhobo zokuyifikelela, yaye wazama ukufikelela kuyo ngedama neleja karhulumente, ezazikuphela kwezixhobo ezazinikelwa yinkulungwane yakhe.
Apho ingqiqo kaFord yayichanekile
Igolide inokulawulwa, kwaye iFord yayibona ngokucacileyo loo nto. Ilizwe eliphethe uninzi lwegolide yehlabathi libhala imithetho kuye wonke umntu ongayibambiyo. Oku yayingekuko oko kwaqatshelwa ngo-1921, kodwa indlela awayithabatha ngayo yayiyiyo. Ukubophelela imali kumandla ekufuneka iveliswe ngalo mzuzu, waqiqa, kwaye uthatha i-lever ezandleni zakhe nabani na ohleli kwivault.
Awukwazi ukwenza i-kilowatt-yure. Amandla anzima ukuqokelela kwaye akunakwenzeka ukwenza umgunyathi, ngoko ke imali efuna amandla okwenene ukuvelisa yayiza kuba yimali ekungekho mdlali omnye unokufunxa ngokuzolileyo. Ikhonkco phakathi kwemali kunye nehlabathi elibonakalayo liya kuthi ngqo kunokuba lihanjiswe ngesinyithi esichitha ubomi baso sivalelwe kwigumbi elingaphantsi singenzi nto.
Lowo ngumgaqo-siseko we-Bitcoin osebenzayo. Ukongeza ibhloko yentengiselwano kwileja, abasebenzi basezimayini batshisa amanani amakhulu ezibalo ze-cryptographic, kwaye nganye kwezo zibalo ixabisa umbane ekufuneka umntu awuhlawule kwimitha. I-James Caw ibeka ngokucacileyo kuyo The Strategic Reserve: uyilo luxhasa inyaniso yedijithali kwiindleko eziphathekayo. Amandla nyani. Inkcitho ijongwa nguye nabani na onoqhagamshelo. Akukho ngqekembe ibonakala ngaphandle kwayo. Ndihamba ngoomatshini uqobo ndingene ubungqina bomsebenzi, kucacisiwe.
Umsantsa wakwaFord awukwazanga ukuvala
Icebo lakhe laliphethe isiphene ngowe-1921 lamnika indlela yokusilungisa. Imali yamandla iya kukhutshwa, kwaye ihlawulelwe ngokuchasene, nenxalenye enye yeziseko ezingundoqo zikarhulumente. Nabani na owayeqhuba idama wayeqhuba imali. Ikomiti yahlala kweli ziko, kwaye iikomiti ziye zabanjwa, zonakaliswe okanye zonganyelwe yiCongress emva kwemini embi.
Ngoko iFord ayizange ilubaleke kwaphela ulawulo lwezobupolitika. Ebeyisusile. Endaweni yokuba iibhanki zihoye igolide, wayeneenjineli ezinyamekela idama, eliyiseti eyahlukileyo yokusebenza kwesixhobo esifanayo.
Kwabakho ingxaki yesibini, eyayithule kodwa ibulala. Imali ehlawulelwa kwimveliso yedama elinye e-Alabama ayinakuze ibe yimali yehlabathi. Bekuya kuhlala isixhobo sasekhaya, sibotshelelwe kumthetho waseMelika kunye nezopolitiko zaseMelika, lingenamsebenzi kuye nabani na ongakwaziyo ukuzibonakalisa eTennessee Valley ukuze ayikhulule. I-Ford yayinemathiriyeli ekrwada efanelekileyo kwaye akukho ndlela yokuyihambisa.
Indlela i-Bitcoin ivala ngayo
I-Bitcoin iphendula nganye kwezi ziphelo ezifileyo, kwaye impendulo yokuqala isikali. Ikhonkco lamandla alikho kwidama elinye kodwa kubonelelo lombane weplanethi yonke. Abasebenzi basezimayini kwilizwekazi ngalinye bayakhuphisana ekwenzeni umsebenzi, ngoko ke akukho gridi enye, urhulumente okanye injineli ebamba utshintsho. Xa abantu bebuza ukuba ngaba wonke loo mbane uyinkunkuma na, ndibakhomba kumanani kunokuba ndibalathise kwizilogeni yintoni idatha ebonisa ngokwenene ekusebenziseni amandla eBitcoin.
Ingxaki yegunya inikwa imathematika. Iprothokholi ivuliwe, i-Ileja isesidlangalaleni kwaye i-cap ye-21 yezigidi zemali ibhalwe kwimithetho yokuba amashumi amawaka oomatshini abazimeleyo banyanzelisa yonke imizuzu elishumi. Zama ukuchwechwela ingqekembe yemali eyongezelelweyo kwaye inethwekhi iyala ibhloko xa uyibona. Akukho komiti yokuphembelela kuba akukho komiti kwaphela. I-Ford iphinde yasusa i-lever. I-Bitcoin isusiwe. Njengoko uCaw ebhala, inkqubo ikhupha intembeko kwi-thermodynamics, imathematika kunye nemvumelwano, nto leyo kanye intembeko uFord ekusafuneka ayibeke emadodeni.
Kwaye ingxaki yokusabalalisa iyaphela kwi-intanethi. Intlawulo yeBitcoin ayifuni ndlu yokucoca kwaye akukho bhanki yembalelwano. Ivumela intanga ukuba ikrobe ngaphaya kwawo nawuphi na umda malunga neyure, nakweyiphi na isayizi, ngaphandle kwemvume yomntu. Umntu odla umhlala-phantsi eGeorge uphethe i-asethi efanayo njengomsebenzi wasemgodini e-Iceland okanye ingxowa-mali e-Singapore. IFord yayifikelela kuloo nto. Ndibeke umfanekiso ogcweleyo yintoni i-Bitcoin ngokwenene.
Kutheni i-anchor yamandla yinto ekhusela inethiwekhi
Kukho ubuqili apha obulahlekayo xa abantu bephatha imigodi njengesiphumo esibi. Amandla ayilo ixabiso lokusebenzisa i-Bitcoin. Amandla lukhuseleko. Ukuphinda ubhale utshintshiselwano oludlulileyo umhlaseli kuya kufuneka aphinde enze umsebenzi emva kwebhloko kunye nebhloko nganye ukusukela ngoko, aqhubeke nesantya sothungelwano lonke ngelixa eqhubeka nokwakha phambi kwakhe, nto leyo iCaw eyichaza njengokuzibulala ngokoqoqosho kwaye andizange ndibone nabani na ezama ukulinganisa.
Ngoko ke umbane wenza imisebenzi emibini ngexesha elinye. Ikhupha iingqekembe kwishedyuli esisigxina kwaye yenza ukuba irekhodi liphantse lingenzeki. Iinkqubo ezibuthathaka zifihla iindleko zabo zamandla emva kwamaziko edatha akukho mntu uphicotho. I-Bitcoin ibeka iindleko zayo ekuboniseni kwaye iguqulelwe eludongeni olujikeleze i-Ileja.
Le yinxalenye yenguqulelo yeFord ayinakuze ilawuleke. Idama lakhe laliza kuvelisa amandla, kwaye amandla ayenokubalwa, kodwa akukho nto malunga neplanti yombane wamanzi eyenza i-Ileja-proof. Ubuyakufuna oonobhala, iirekhodi kunye negunya lokufunga ukuba iincwadi zinyanisekile. I-Bitcoin idibanisa zombini. Esona senzo sokuchitha amandla ukwenza ingqekembe yemali kwakhona sisenzo esitywina imbali emva kwayo, ngoko ke ukunyaniseka kwerekhodi akuphumli kwilizwi lomntu. Isekelwe kwisibakala esicacileyo sokuba ukuyiphelisa kuya kubiza umbane ongaphezulu kunoko ukhoyo emhlabeni. UFord wayefuna amandla njengenkxaso. I-Bitcoin isebenzisa amandla njengenkxaso kunye nokutshixa, kwaye yayiyeyokusebenzisa okwesibini, kungekhona okokuqala, ukuba akukho mntu ngaphambi kokuba uSatoshi acinge indlela yokwakha.
Yintoni i-Ford ephosakeleyo ngayo, kwaye kufanelekile ukuyithetha
Akukho nanye kwezi eyenza uFord abe ngumprofeti. Wayeyindoda ekhohlakeleyo neneembono ezimbi, yaye indlela awayecinga ngayo ngemali yayixabanisa nokungabathembi abantu abagcina imali, nto leyo eyayibangela ukuba maxa wambi kube mbi ngakumbi. Nditsho kuba ukunyaniseka ngendoda kuyalibetha ibali lemvelaphi ecocekileyo.
Uqoqosho lwakhe lwaluxengaxenga. Akazange achaze ukuba uya kubeka njani ireyithi yokutshintshiselana phakathi kwe-kilowatt-yure kunye nesonka sesonka, okanye kwenzekani ngemali yakhe ngonyaka wembalela xa umlambo wawuphantsi. Wacinga ukuba ilizwe elinobubele liya kuyilawula yonke loo nto ngobulungisa, nto leyo ifana nokutsiba kokholo inkqubo yegolide ecelwe kuye kwaye awathi uyala. Ingcamango yayisisiketshi, hayi inkqubo. Yintoni i-Bitcoin eyayithatha kuye yayiyi-intuition yokwenyani ejikelezwe yinto enkulu engazange isebenze, kwaye ukwahlula ezimbini yiyona ngongoma yokujonga emva kwayo.
Kuthetha ukuthini oku xa wonga ngerandi
Strip imbali kude kwaye Ford wayejikeleza inyaniso elula malunga nemali ehlala. Imali enexabiso eliphantsi ukuyikhupha kutshiphu ukuyithoba, kwaye yonke imali yefiat inexabiso eliphantsi ukuyivelisa. Imali efuna umsebenzi wokwenyani ukuyila, kwisibonelelo akukho gunya linokuthi libe banzi xa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luqina, luhlobo olwahlukileyo lwesixhobo. Leyo yingxoxo endiyenzayo ngokupheleleyo Bitcoin njengemali evakalayo.
Abemi boMzantsi Afrika badibana oku ngokusondeleyo. Irandi iye yachitha malunga ne-70% yexabiso layo xa ithelekiswa nedola yaseMelika kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, ngoko ke irandi nganye oyishiyayo kwi-akhawunti yogcino ithenga intwana yelizwe lokwenyani minyaka le, nokuba iReserve Bank ingaphoswa koko kujoliswe kuko. I-Bitcoin inikezela ngevenkile yexabiso ngaphandle kwaloo zibalo, eveliswa ngamandla kwaye ifakwe ngekhowudi kunokuba ibekwe yisigqibo esilandelayo sebhanki ephakathi.
Kukho isigqebelo esicocekileyo selizwe elinemigodi. UMzantsi Afrika uchithe ikhulu leminyaka ukhupha isinyithi semali emhlabeni, kwaye wonke umtsalane weso sinyithi yayikukuba kuthatha inzame yokwenene ukuvelisa kwaye ayinakwenziwa inkohliso. I-Ford yayifuna ukutshintsha i-shaft kwi-injini yomoya kwaye igcine umzamo. I-Bitcoin igcina inzame nayo, ngohlobo lwamandla kunokuba imigodi yezinga elinzulu, kwaye yongeza into enye yegolide kunye nedama le-Ford zombini ezinqongopheleyo, ezilunikezelo olungenako ukunyuka kwexabiso kwaye akukho komiti inokuze yandise.
Andicebisi nabani na ukuba akhuphe iakhawunti yakhe yebhanki. Urhola ngerandi kwaye uchitha ngokwerandi, kwaye imali yakho kaxakeka yeyerandi apho ungafikelela kuyo ngomso. Umbuzo ngowokuba wenza ntoni ngesiqwenga sogcino lwakho lweminyaka elishumi, kwaye ngeso siqwenga imali akukho mntu unokuprinta ngokuzolileyo yimpendulo enzima.
UFord wayezama ukusombulula ingxaki eyayingenayo impendulo yobugcisa ebomini bakhe. I-Cryptography, uthungelwano olusasaziweyo kunye nobungqina bokusebenza kwemigodi yanikezela impendulo kwiminyaka engamashumi asibhozo engaqhelekanga kamva. Nokuba ebenokuthanda ukumila kwayo kuqikelelwa nabani na, kodwa umnombo awuthandabuzi. Ukuba ingcinga umhlaba, intshukumo enengqondo asiyimali-mali yokungcakaza kwixabiso. Yindawo ezinzileyo eyakhiwe ngeemo zentengiso kwiminyaka. Bhukha umnxeba wesakhiwo seBitcoin kwaye ndiza kukubonisa indlela endiyibeke ngayo kubathengi, ukusuka ekuthengeni okuncinci ukuya kwizitshixo ezigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo ezandleni zakho.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Wayethetha ukuthini uHenry Ford ngokuthi "imali yamandla"?
Ucebise ukuba kukhutshwe imali ngokuchasene namandla aveliswa yiprojekthi yombane weMuscle Shoals endaweni yokuchasa igolide. Ingxoxo yakhe yayiyeyokuba imali ebotshelelwe kwimveliso yamandla okwenene iya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyilawula kunemali ebotshelelwe kwintsimbi enokuthi igcinwe ziibhanki noorhulumente. Udliwano-ndlebe lwaqhutywa kwiNew York Tribune ngoDisemba 1921.
I-Bitcoin iwasebenzisa njani amandla ukwenza imali?
Isebenzisa ubungqina bomsebenzi. Abasebenzi basezimayini bakhuphisana ukusombulula iiphazili ze-cryptographic ezitshisa umbane wokwenyani ngamnye, kwaye owokuqala ukusombulula omnye ufumana i-Bitcoin esanda kukhutshwa. Yonke ingqekembe ekhoyo ibotshelelwa kwinkcitho yamandla engqinisisekayo, kwaye akukho ngqekembe inokuvela ngaphandle kwayo. Kwala mandla afanayo nawo akhusela i-Ileja ukuba ingaphinda ibhalwe.
Ngaba urhulumente angadala imali exhaswa ngumbane namhlanje?
Isenokukhupha imali ngokuchasene nemveliso yomzi-mveliso karhulumente, kodwa isiphene sakwaFord esingenakusombululwa siya kubuya ngqo. Le mali ibisaxhomekeke ekuthembeni urhulumente ukuba ayiqhube ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye ayiyeke yodwa imithetho. Impendulo yeBitcoin kukunyanzelisa imithetho yayo ngemathematika kuneziko, ngoko ke imfuneko yokuthembana yakhiwe endaweni yezopolitiko.
Ndingafunda phi ngakumbi malunga neempawu zemali zeBitcoin?
Iphepha elimhlophe lokuqala le-Satoshi Nakamoto lichaza ubungqina bomsebenzi kwiinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe, kunye nencwadi kaSaifedean Ammous Umgangatho weBitcoin ubeka iimpawu zeBitcoin ngokuchasene negolide kunye ne-fiat. Ngomntu waseMzantsi Afrika oqalayo, bhukisha umnxeba kunye nam kwaye ndiza kuyiguqulela ekubeni ithetha ukuthini kwimali oyongayo.
Thatha inyathelo ngembono kaFord eyachazwa kwinkulungwane eyadlulayo.
I-SimplB inceda abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bathenge, bakhusele kwaye bamise i-Bitcoin ngokuthobelayo, njengoMmeli woBugqwetha we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).
Bhukha umnxeba wokufunyanwa