I-Bitcoin njengeMali eZandi: Oko kuthetha ukuthini

Imali ephilileyo igcina iimpawu zayo ekuhambeni kwexesha ngenxa yento eyiyo, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba ngubani oyilawulayo. Uvavanyo ludala kwaye aluxoleli. Yonke imali yefiat ihlala kwicala elingalunganga layo, irandi ibandakanyiwe. I-Bitcoin yenzelwe ukuyigqithisa, kunye nesibonelelo esisisigxina se-21 yezigidi zemali ekungekho komiti inokuhlaziya.

Ithetha ntoni imali evakalayo?

Buza abantu abalishumi ukuba yintoni na imali kwaye uya kufumana iinguqulelo ezilishumi zempendulo efanayo: yinto otshintshela ngayo ezinye izinto. UCarl Menger, ebhala ngemvelaphi yemali ngowe-1892, wabuza umbuzo obukhali, kungoko iimpahla ezithile zifumana loo msebenzi ngoxa ezinye zingawufumani. Impendulo yakhe yayikukurhweba. Ixabiso eliyimali alixatyiswanga ngento onokuyenza ngayo kodwa kuba itshintshiselana ngokulula ngayo yonke enye into, ngexesha lonke, ukunqumla umgama nakubuphi na ubungakanani bentengiselwano. Okulungileyo okurhweba ngokugqwesileyo kuyawuphumelela umsebenzi.

Imali sisiqingatha salo lonke urhwebo owamkelayo ngaphandle kokulufuna ngokwalo. Igcina umsebenzi osele uwenzile, isivuno esithengisiweyo, umsebenzi wangoLwesibini, kude kube yimini owutshintshela ngayo into oyifunayo. Ukukhetha into oza kugcina kuyo loo msebenzi sesona sigqibo sikhulu sezemali abantu abaninzi abangaze basenze.

Yaphula urhwebo ube ngamacandelo kwaye ufumane uluhlu lokutshekisha lwakudala. Imali evakalayo iqinile ngokwaneleyo ukuze iphile ukugcinwa, iyahlula ngokwaneleyo ukuthenga ukucheba ngesixhobo esifanayo esithenga ifama, iphathekayo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihambe xa usenza, i-fungible ngokwaneleyo ukuba nayiphi na iyunithi enye ilingana nayo nayiphi na enye kwaye inqabile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukuyibamba akusiyo umnikelo ocothayo kuye nabani na ovelisa ngaphezulu kwayo.

Ngaphantsi koluhlu lokukhangela kukho uvavanyo oluthatha isigqibo ngayo yonke into: ukuba umntu unokwenza imali eninzi xa ifanelekile. Ukuba impendulo nguewe, imali ilula. Wonke umntu oyibambayo uxhasa ngemali ngokuzolileyo nabani na olawula unikezelo. Ukuba impendulo nguhayi, imali inzima. Imali enzima yinto ethethwa ngabantu xa besithi imali evakalayo.

Akukho mntu wayila imali ngommiselo. Iimarike ziyifumene, ngokulungileyo, kumawaka eminyaka yokukhetha eyona nto ithengiswayo ekhoyo. Ndilanda ibali elide kulo isizathu kunye nembali yemali. Kwesi siqwenga uluhlu lokukhangela luyakwenza.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwimali elula

Imbali iluqhube umfuniselo amaxesha amaninzi kunaye nabani na ebekukhathaza ukubala kwaye iziphumo azitshintshi. Oonokrwece, amaso eglasi kunye neediski zamatye zonke zisebenze njengemali kwenye indawo. Nganye yasebenza ixesha elide njengoko yayihlala nzima ukuyivelisa. Ngamnye uye wawa ngexesha lokufika komntu netekhnoloji yokwenza okungakumbi, ngelo xesha abo basindisayo banikezela ubutyebi babo, urhwebo ngorhwebo, kubavelisi.

Ubunzima bemveliso yayiluqeqesho lonke. Igolide igcine eyona ndima inde kuba yahlala iyeyona nto inzima emhlabeni ukuyivelisa, kwaye unikezelo lukhula ngaphantsi kwe-2% ngonyaka nokuba umntu ebefuna kakubi kangakanani na ngaphezulu. Ixabiso linqaku. Kuthetha ukuba ubutyebi abunakudalwa ngummiselo.

Ukuthotywa isidima ngokwako asiyonto yanamhlanje. Ama-Emperors aqhekeza iingqekembe kunye nesiseko sesinyithi esixubeneyo kwisilivere kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iibhanki eziphambili. Yintoni etshintshileyo kwixesha le-fiat yi-friction. Ukunciphisa ingqekembe yemali kwathatha isinyithi kunye nexesha. Ukwandisa imali yanamhlanje kuthatha isigqibo.

Ukususela ngowe-1971 akukho mali inkulu ibotshelelwe kuyo nantoni na ebonakalayo. Ngasinye sisithembiso esilawulwayo, sinyanzelwa sisigwebo sekomiti kunye nomnqweno wezopolitiko. Iikomiti ziziphathe ngokufanelekileyo ixesha elide. Emva koko kwafika uMatshi ka-2020 kwaye i-United States yakhulisa imali yayo ye-M2 ngaphezulu kwe-40% kwiminyaka emithathu, ngelixa iBhanki yaseNgilani, i-ECB kunye neBhanki yaseJapan baqhuba incwadi yokudlala efanayo kwinqanaba labo.

Akukho mntu uvoteleyo kuloo nto. Akukho mntu wayefuna.

Ngaba irandi iyavakala?

Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bawufunda ngaphakathi lo mbuzo. I-Reserve Bank iqhube ujoliso olusesikweni lwexabiso lentengo ukusukela ngoFebruwari 2000 kwaye iminyaka engama-25 ibhendi ibihleli kwi-3% ukuya kwi-6%. Kujongwe ngokwaso isakhelo sisebenza kakhulu; ngemigangatho yemarike esakhulayo iBhanki enguVimba yoMzantsi Afrika (SARB) liziko eliqeqeshekileyo. Ijongwa njengemali, irekhodi lifundeka ngokwahlukileyo. Amaxabiso abathengi anyuke nge-65% phakathi kuka-2010 no-2020, i-avareji ye-5.2% ngonyaka, kwiminyaka elishumi yonke inkqubo-sikhokelo ibalwa njengempumelelo.

Leyo yinguqulelo echubekileyo yokuthotywa isidima. Nge-5.2% ngonyaka imali yakho iyancipha amandla okuthenga phantse rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesine ngelixa yonke into isebenza ngokuchanekileyo njengoko iyilwe.

Inguqulelo engenambeko yafika ngoMatshi ka-2020. Xa imakethi yebhondi yabanjwa kwiiveki zokuqala zobhubhane, i-SARB yaqala ukuthenga iibhondi zikarhulumente kwimarike yesibini nge-20 kaMatshi, kwiintsuku ezintlanu phambi kokuba ibhengeze ngokusesikweni inkqubo. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha ka-2020 ibisele iqokelele iibhiliyoni zeerandi ezingama-38.8 kumaphepha karhulumente. I-Bhanki ibisezintlungwini zokubiza ukusebenza kwale marike kunokuba ibe yinkuthazo kwaye kubungqina ndiyayamkela loo nto. Isifundo siyasinda kwiisemantiki. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo olwaneleyo, isithintelo sahamba. Imali ephilileyo kanye yimali enomqobo ongenako ukuhamba.

Imvelaphi ye-hum iyaqhubeka phakathi kweentlekele. Unikezelo lwemali olubanzi lukhule nge-7.5% ngonyaka ngo-Okthobha wama-2025, luncediswa kukunyuka kwe-R22.4 yezigidigidi ngenyanga kumabango entsalela yecandelo leebhanki kurhulumente. Ityala likawonke-wonke lifikelele phantse kwi-75% ye-GDP ekupheleni kuka-2024, malunga nenqanaba eliphindwe kathathu lika-2008. Iindleko zenkonzo yamatyala ngoku zithatha iisenti ezingama-20 zerandi nganye eqokelelwa ngurhulumente, nto leyo ecutha uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngalunye phambi kokuba kwenziwe isigqibo esinye esitsha. Imali ekhutshelwe eso zibalo ithwala i-arithmetic kunye nayo.

Ukuze sibe nobulungisa kwi-SARB, ilizwe lamkele i-3% ekujoliswe kuyo engqongqo ngoNovemba ka-2025 kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuye kwehla kuye. Ndiyathemba ukuba uqeqesho luya kubamba umjikelo olandelayo wezopolitiko. Noko ke, ithemba asiyomali.

Akukho nanye kwezi ethetha ukuba irandi iyawa kuphela. Ikhule malunga ne-14% ngo-2025, unyaka wayo ongcono ukusukela ngo-2009, ivale kufutshane ne-R16.50 kwidola. Iminyaka emihle iyenzeka. Imali efuna unyaka omhle ukuze ixolelwe isakuxelela ukuba yintoni na. Ukuba sempilweni yipropati, kungekhona ixabiso. Ndibonisa ukuba ukuvuza okucothayo kwenza ntoni kugcino lobomi bonke kwenzeka ntoni kugcino lwakho.

Kutheni i-Bitcoin ifaneleka njengemali evakalayo

Umgaqo-nkqubo wemali weBitcoin uphelele kwisivakalisi esinye. Kuya kuhlala kuphela i-21 yezigidi zeengqekembe kunye nesantya sokukhutshwa kwesiqingatha esitsha rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine de iyeke malunga ne-2140.

Ishedyuli ayizange iphoswe. Ngo-2009 abasebenzi basezimayini bafumana i-bitcoin ye-50 kwibhloko nganye eyongezwe kwikhonkco. Emva kwe-Epreli ka-2024, umvuzo umi kwi-3.125. Nge-2032 iya kuba phantsi kwe-1. Ngaphezu kwe-90% yayo yonke i-bitcoin eya kuhlala ikhona sele ikhutshiwe, ngoko ihlabathi sele lidibene nobuninzi bokubonelela eliya kuzifumana. Akukho spike yemfuno ikhawulezisa ishedyuli. Akukho ngxaki inokuyikhulula. Akukho komiti yongxamiseko ihleli emva kwayo, kuba akukho komiti kwaphela.

Ndabhala ndangena The Strategic Reserve ukuba i-Umda wezigidi ezingama-21 ayisosikhokelo. Ngumthetho onyanzeliswa yiyo yonke indawo epheleleyo eqhuba isoftware yeBitcoin. Ibhloko eyophulayo iye yaliwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kungekho nkqubo yokubhena kwaye akukho mntu uza kuphembelela. Ukunyanzeliswa kweFiat sisithembiso. Isinyanzelo seGolide yikhemistri kunye neendleko zokumba. Umqobo weBitcoin yimathematika, ejongwa ngokuqhubekayo ngamashumi amawaka oomatshini abazimeleyo abanini babo bangaze bathembane.

Namhlanje ukuthelekiswa negolide kubonakala kukufutshane. Ayiyi kuhlala isondele. Unikezelo lweBitcoin ngoku lukhula malunga ne-1.8% ngonyaka, kufutshane nexabiso legolide. Kodwa ukuhamba kwegolide kuphendula kwixabiso: xa isinyithi sibaleka, abasebenzi basezimayini baphinda bavule iishafu eziseludinini kwaye bacokise intsimbi ekrwada ehlwempuzekileyo de kufike unikezelo olutsha ukuhlangabezana nomdlandla. Ukuhamba kweBitcoin kuphendula nto. Abasebenzi basezimayini abaninzi kunye neetshiphusi ezikhawulezayo azikwazi ukuvelisa ingqekembe enye eyongezelelweyo; Iprothokholi yenza ngokulula iphazili ukuze ishedyuli ibambe. Umsebenzi uyinyani kwaye amandla anyanisekile, kodwa akukho namnye kuwo ohambisa unikezelo ngesatoshi enye. Ndichaza ukuba oomatshini ngaphakathi ubungqina bomsebenzi, kucacisiwe.

Abahlalutyi baphawula ubunzima bemali njenge-stock-to-flow, unikezelo olukhoyo lwahlulwe yimveliso entsha yonyaka ngamnye. Igolide igqwesile le tafile kangangeenkulungwane ngenxa yokuba isitokhwe sayo siphezu kokuhamba kwayo. Isiqingatha ngasinye siphinda kabini amanqaku eBitcoin. Ukuqhawulwa kwesiqingatha kuka-2024 kuyizise inqanaba ngentsimbi kwaye i-2028 enye iyiqhubela phambili ngokulungileyo.

Umbuzo wokugqibela ngowokuba ngubani ogada umthetho. Uphando lwe-asethi yedijithali ye-Fidelity luyiphendula ngethiyori yomdlalo: ukuphakamisa ikepusi kuya kunciphisa ukubanjwa kwabantu ekuya kufuneka isivumelwano sabo. Abasebenzi basezimayini bangavota ukuthoba ixabiso lengeniso yabo yexesha elizayo. Abasebenzi beeNode bangavota ukuthomalalisa ukonga kwabo. Ukutyhubela imbali, imali efanelekileyo yayixhomekeke ekuthintelweni kwabalawuli ababezuza ngokuwaphula. I-Bitcoin yimali yokuqala egadwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba abazuza ngokuyigcina. Iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe yoorhulumente abanobutshaba, ukuwohloka kotshintshiselwano kunye nokutsalwa kwesithathu kwe-80% okanye okubi ngakumbi akuzange kushukumise i-cap ngengqekembe enye.

Apho iBitcoin ibetha igolide: iipropathi ezikruqulayo

Ukunqongophala ufumana izihloko. Iipropathi eziphantsi kakhulu zezo zithe cwaka.

I-bitcoin yahlulahlulwe ibezizigidi ezili-100 zeeyunithi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-satoshis, ngoko ke isixhobo esifanayo sihlawula intengo ye-R100 kunye ne-R100 lezigidi enye. Igolide yahlula ngesarha. I-Fiat yahlula kakuhle, iluvavanyo olunye oluphumelela ngeewonga.

Ukuqinisekiswa yeyona ndawo ndiyityhala kakhulu xa abathengi bebuza ukuba yintoni umahluko obonakalayo. Nabani na onekhompyuter eqhelekileyo unokuqhuba isoftware yeBitcoin, ajonge yonke into kwaye aqinisekise ukuba iimali zabo ziyinyani ngaphandle kokucela imvume kwiziko elinye. Ukuphicotha ibha yegolide kuthatha izixhobo zokuvavanya kunye nengcali ehlawulisa ngokufanelekileyo. Uphicotho lwemali ye-fiat akunakwenzeka nkqu nomgaqo, kuba into oya kuyidinga ukuba uphicothe iinjongo zexesha elizayo zabantu abakhuphayo.

Ukuphatheka kunye nokungunda kugqiba ukutshayela. Idola yase-US ayinakufaniswa nedola yaseKhanada. Irandi ayiweli umda ngaphandle kwemvume; kukho isibonelelo sonyaka kunye namaphepha okubonisa ukuba uhlala ngaphakathi kuyo. I-Bitcoin iyinto enye eRhawutini njengoko iseLondon kwaye udluliselo phakathi kwezi zibini luhlala malunga neyure, nangaluphi na ubungakanani, kungekho mvume yamntu ifunekayo.

Umcebisi wakho mhlawumbi akazange athethe neli lizwi kule nto. Ukuthula libali malunga nentlawulo yenkuthazo kunezakhiwo zemali kwaye ndayibalisa ngokupheleleyo kutheni abatyali-mali bayeka ukuhlonipha igolide kunye neemveliso.

Ungenza ntoni ngale nto ukuba wonga ngerandi

Isigqibo asikukuba akufuneki ubambe irandi. Urhola ngerandi. Uchitha ngerandi. Ingxowa-mali yakho yexesha likaxakeka yeyerandi, iyadika kwaye ifumaneka ngoko nangoko. Isiphetho sesokuba isahlulo sobutyebi bakho esijongwe ukuhlala singabanjwanga iminyaka elishumi sifanelwe sisixhobo esingenakwandiswa ngokuthula ngelixa silindile.

Kulo msebenzi ndibambe i-Bitcoin ngokwam kwaye ndinceda abaxhasi ukuba bayibambe kakuhle. A isicwangciso sogcino lwenyanga iqala kwi-R1,000 kwaye ithenga ngayo yonke imo yemarike enayo. Ukusuka kwi-R10,000 ndikhokelela abathengi kukhuseleko lokwenene, nezitshixo ezandleni zabo kunokuba batshintshiselane. Iimpahla ezinkulu zikhona iVault, ilungiselelo le-2-of-3 ye-multisig apho umxhasi ubamba i-Trezor kunye ne-Ileja ngelixa ndigcina isitshixo sokubuyisela i-Coldcard, ngoko akukho sixhobo esisodwa, umntu okanye ukugqekeza kunokuhambisa iingqekembe.

I-Bitcoin ayiyi kuziphatha njengediphozithi esisigxina endleleni. Ingawa ngama-30% kwikota kwaye ikwenzile oku ngaphezu kwesinye. Oko kuguquguquka lixabiso le-asethi elifumana inqanaba layo kwimarike evulekileyo ngaphandle kwebhanki ephakathi egudisa ukukhwela, yiyo loo nto ndigxininisa kwi-horizon yeminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi kunye nomxhasi ngamnye. Yintoni i-cap ye-21 yezigidi ezikuthengayo ngaphaya kolundi yinto enqabileyo kunokukhwela okugudileyo: ukuqiniseka ngesabelo sakho. Umnikazi we-bitcoin enye kwaye ungumnikazi we-21-millionth yayo yonke into eya kubakho, kulo nyaka nakwi-2140. Akukho mntu unokukukhupha ngaphandle kweso sikhundla. Kwilizwe elinesiqingatha semali kumandla okuthenga rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesine ngelixa usebenza ngokwendlela eyilwe ngayo, ukuqiniseka kwesabelo sakho yeyona propati iluncedo inokuthi inikezelwe yi-asethi.