Yintoni ngokwenene i-Bitcoin
I-Bitcoin ayikho inkampani, isabelo okanye ingqekembe onokuyibamba esandleni sakho. Iseti yemithetho ukuba amawaka eekhompyuter ezizimeleyo avumayo ukunyanzelisa ngexesha elinye, kwaye into leyo ikhuselayo yile mithetho yincwadi yokuba ngubani ophethe ntoni. Fumana loo ngcamango inye ngqo kwaye zonke iintloko malunga neBitcoin ziyeka ukuba ingxolo. Le yimpendulo ecacileyo endiyinika abathengi phambi kokuba sithethe ngexabiso, ukugcinwa okanye irandi, kuba yonke enye into ixhomekeke ekwazini ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le nto.
Ukuthathwa okungundoqo
I-Bitcoin zizinto ezine ezinxibe igama elinye: inethiwekhi yeekhompyuter, iprotocol yemithetho, i-Ileja ekwabelwana ngayo kunye ne-asethi erekhodiweyo kuyo. Akukho mntu uyiqhubayo kwaye akukho mntu unokuyitshintsha ngokuthula, kuba unikezelo lufakwe kwi-21 yezigidi zemali kwaye yonke i-node epheleleyo emhlabeni iyala nayiphi na ibhloko ezama ukuphula loo cap. Ungumnikazi we-bitcoin yakho ngokubamba isitshixo sabucala, inombolo eyimfihlo elawulwa nguwe kuphela. Kummi waseMzantsi Afrika obukele isilayidi serandi, umbuzo oluncedo ayiloxabiso lerandi lebitcoin enye kodwa yimalini ye-asethi ezinzileyo enokuthi igcinwe ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ndibuzwa rhoqo oku. Kwiitafile zesidlo saseGeorge, kwiifowuni kunye nabathengi, ngabacebisi endibahloniphayo abaqhube imali yabanye abantu iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwaye ndiyazi ukuba kukho into abayiphosayo.
"Kodwa yintoni, James?" Iimpendulo eziye zanikwa ngokuqhelekileyo azinamsebenzi. Imali yedijithali. I-asethi eqikelelwayo. Imali ye-Intanethi. Akukho nanye ekuxelela ukuba kutheni i-Bitcoin ihluke kwiimpawu eziliwaka eziye zayilandela, ngoko ke makhe ndikunike impendulo yokwenyani, ngokwamaleko, ngokuqala ngeyona nto abantu abaninzi batsibayo.
Qala ngeleja, hayi ingqekembe
Akukho nto ifana nefayile ye-bitcoin ehleli kwi-hard drive kwenye indawo. Xa abantu beba nomfanekiso wengqekembe, baba nomfanekiso wento ephosakeleyo. Eyona nto ikhoyo yileja, irekhodi ekwabelwana ngalo kuyo yonke intengiselwano eyake yenziwa, ukusuka kwibhloko yokuqala ngoJanuwari 2009 ukuya kwintlawulo ehlawulwe ngale ntsasa. Ibhalansi yakho ayiyonto onayo. Kukungena kuloo rekhodi, kwaye ingxelo ithi imali ethile inokuchithwa kuphela nguye nabani na obambe isitshixo esithile. I-Bitcoin yile ncwadana kunye nemithetho ethatha isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni enokuthi ibhalwe kuyo.
Kungenxa yoko le nto i-analogies yemali endala ingaphumeleli. Ingqekembe yegolide yinto. Inqaku lerandi yinto. I-bitcoin yinto yomgca kwincwadi ethi amashumi amawaka abantu abangabaziyo bagcina ikopi efanayo, ngamnye ehlola abanye, akukho namnye kubo ophetheyo. Nje ukuba ingqikelelo ifike intsalela ithe ngqo.
Inethiwekhi, iprotocol kunye ne-asethi
Kuyanceda ukwahlula ezi zinto zintathu igama elithi Bitcoin lizenzayo ngaxeshanye, kuba kwintetho eqhelekileyo siyaziqaba kunye kwaye sizibuze ukuba kutheni le nto ibonakala ngathi imtyibilizi.
Inethiwekhi ngumaleko obonakalayo, oomatshini. Amashumi amawaka eekhompyuter kwihlabathi liphela, aqhagamshelwe oontanga kuntanga, ukudlula ukuthengiselana kunye neebhloko omnye komnye kungekho mncedisi ophakathi phakathi kwaye akukho ntloko izakugqogqa. Iprothokholi yincwadi yomthetho ngamnye wabo matshini abaqhuba: indlela intengiselwano esebenzayo eyenziwe ngayo, indlela iibhloko ezinxibelelana ngayo, zingaphi iinkozo zemali ezinokuze zibekho. Kwaye i-asethi yi-bitcoin imali, iiyunithi ezilandelwa yileja, eyona nto onayo. Igama elifanayo, imisebenzi emithathu. Inethiwekhi ihambisa idatha, iprotocol ithi yintoni esemthethweni kwaye i-asethi yintoni ilungiselelo lonke elakhiwe ukukhusela.
Akukho mntu uhlala kuyo. Akukho ndlunkulu yeBitcoin ngendlela kukho iBhanki enguVimba ePitoli okanye iJohannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) eSandton, akukho bhodi yokuphembelela kwaye akukho mlawuli uyintloko onokungqiyama ekutshintsheni imithetho.
Yaqala ngeHalloween ngo-2008
Ixesha alizange livele ngengozi. Ngomhla wama-31 ku-Okthobha ka-2008, kunye nenkqubo yebhanki yehlabathi jikelele phakathi kokuwa kunye noorhulumente bephikisana malunga ne-trillion-iDola bailouts, umphuhlisi ongaziwa usebenzisa igama elithi Satoshi Nakamoto upapashe iphepha elinamaphepha alithoba elinesihloko esithi "Bitcoin: I-Abarhwebi abasebenzisanayo Imali ye-elektronikhi System." Kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva inethiwekhi yahlala, kwaye kuloo bloko yokuqala uNakamoto wabhala umgca ovela kwiphephandaba: "I-Times 03 / Jan / 2009 Chancellor kwi-brink ye-bailout yesibini kwiibhanki." Isitampu sexesha kunye nesigwebo kwisivakalisi esinye. I-Bitcoin yakhiwe njengempendulo kwinkqubo eyayisanda kuphumelela, kungekhona njengeteknoloji ekufuneni ukusetyenziswa. Ukuba ufuna ibali elide lokuba kutheni imali yesandi iqhubeka itshintshwa kwimbali, ndiyibeke isizathu kunye nembali yemali, kwaye esi siqwenga sihlala kwinto eyiyo kunokuba kutheni ikhona.
Ingxaki ekwakufuneka iyisombulule
Imali yeDigital yayikhe yazanywa ngaphambili kwaye yahlala isifa kwakweli litye. Khuphela ifoto kwaye ngoku kukho iifoto ezimbini ezifanayo. Yenza loo nto ngemali kwaye unokuchitha ingqekembe enye kabini, okuthetha ukuba akukho mntu unokuthemba intlawulo yedijithali ngaphandle komntu ogcina amanqaku. Zonke iinzame zangaphambili zayame kwinkampani ephakathi ukunqanda inkcitho ephindwe kabini, kwaye nganye kwezo nkampani inokuvalwa, iqhekezwe okanye yayame ngayo.
USatoshi wasusa phakathi. Endaweni yegunya elithenjiweyo kwafika ubungqina bomsebenzi, inkqubo apho iikhomputha zichitha umbane wokwenene ukongeza iibhloko kwileja, kunye netyathanga elithwele owona msebenzi uqokelelweyo liphathwa njengenyaniso. Ukubhala kwakhona imbali kuya kuthetha ukuchitha yonke inethiwekhi ethembekileyo, eyonakalisa ngabom. Leyo yinkqubela phambili abaphandi bayisukela amashumi eminyaka, kwaye ndichaza oomatshini ngokufanelekileyo ubungqina bomsebenzi, kucacisiwe.
Kutheni i-21 yezigidi, kwaye kutheni ibamba
Kuya kuhlala kuphela i-bitcoins yezigidi ezingama-21. Hayi 22 yezigidi. Ayingomfanekiso irhuluneli ihlaziya ngokuzolileyo xa imfazwe okanye ibheyile ifuna inkxaso-mali. Inombolo ibhalwe kwiprotocol kwaye ayizange ihambe.
Ukugcina imali isebenziseka kuloo cap, i-bitcoin nganye yahlula kwiiyunithi ezincinci ze-100 zezigidi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-satoshis, ngoko ke isixhobo esifanayo sihlawula ikhulu leerandi ezithengwayo kunye nekhulu lezigidi zeerandi enye. Iingqekembe ezintsha zingena ngokumbiwa kwemigodi, kwishedyuli eyenza isiqingatha umvuzo phantse yonke iminyaka emine de ukukhutshwa kuyeke ngokupheleleyo malunga nonyaka 2140. Ngo-2009 ibhloko ihlawulwe i-50 bitcoin. Emva kwe-Aprili 2024 isiqingatha ihlawula i-3.125, kwaye nge-2030 iya kuba phantsi kweyodwa. Ngaphezulu kwamashumi alithoba epesenti yengqekembe nganye eya kuze ibekho sele yombiwe, ngoko ke ihlabathi liye ladibana phantse nalo lonke unikezelo eliya kuzibona. Akukho spike imfuno isantya ukuba phezulu. Akukho ngxaki inokuyikhulula. Thelekisa oko kunye necala le-fiat, apho unikezelo lwemali e-United States lukhule ngaphezulu kwamashumi amane eepesenti kwiminyaka emithathu emva koMatshi ka-2020 kwaye akukho mntu wacelwa ukuba avotele kuyo. Xa imali entsha idaliwe, idibanisa yonke iyunithi esele ibanjwe. Ibhalansi yebhanki yakho ifundeka ngokufanayo kwaye ithenga kancinci. I-Bitcoin ayinakuhlanjululwa ngaloo ndlela, kwaye isizathu asinakufanela ukuqonda, kuba ayisosithembiso. Kukunyanzeliswa.
Ngubani onyanzelisa imithetho ukuba akukho mntu uphetheyo
Le yinxalenye ekhubekisa abantu. Ikwayeyona ibalulekileyo.
Imigaqo inyanzeliswa ngamaqhuqhuva apheleleyo. I-node epheleleyo sisiqwenga sesoftware nabani na anokuthi asebenze kwikhompyuter eqhelekileyo, kwaye yenza umsebenzi onenkani: igcina yonke incwadi, ijonga yonke intengiselwano kunye nebhloko nganye echasene neprotocol, kwaye iyala nantoni na eyaphula imithetho. Ibhloko ezama ukudibanisa iinkozo zemali ezongezelelweyo, okanye ukuchitha imali kabini, iphoswa ngaphandle ngokuzenzekelayo. Ii-Nodes azikhathali ukuba unamandla kangakanani umsebenzi-mgodini okanye ingakanani imali esemva kotshintsho. Bavele bala iibhloko ezingasebenziyo, kumashumi amawaka abo, ngephanyazo, kwihlabathi liphela. Ukutshintsha iipropathi eziphambili zeBitcoin uya kufuna uninzi lwabasebenzisi abazimeleyo ukuba bafake ngokuzithandela isoftware eyahlukileyo, yiyo loo nto yonke imizamo yokutshintsha ikepusi ingaphumeleli. Ukwabela amagunya apha ayisologeni. Yindlela yonyanzeliso, kwaye yiyo yonke le nto.
Indlela oyeyakho ngayo: izitshixo, hayi iiakhawunti
Ubunini busebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwibhanki, kwaye kulapho ummi waseMzantsi Afrika owakhe wabamba i-akhawunti yebhanki kufuneka ahlengahlengise ingqikelelo enye. Akukho akhawunti inegama lakho kuyo. Kukho isitshixo sabucala, inombolo eyimfihlo ekhethwe ngokungakhethiyo, kwaye nabani na obambe eso sitshixo unokuchitha iingqekembe zemali eyabelwe yona.
Ukusuka kwiqhosha labucala isoftware ifumana isitshixo sikawonke-wonke, kwaye ukusuka apho idilesi unokwabelana ngokukhuselekileyo ukufumana imali. Izibalo ziqhuba ngendlela enye kuphela. Ungavelisa icala likawonke-wonke kwicala labucala, ungaze ubuye umva, ke unikezela ngedilesi ekufuneka ihlawulwe ngaphandle kokubonisa imfihlo echithayo. Xa uthumela i-bitcoin utyikitya intengiselwano ngesitshixo sakho sabucala, kwaye nayiphi na indawo ekwinethiwekhi inokuqinisekisa ukuba utyikityo luyinyani ngaphandle kokubona isitshixo ngokwaso. Bamba isitshixo ngokwakho kwaye ubambe imali ngokuthe ngqo, okwenza ukuba i-bitcoin ibe yi-asethi yomphathi ngeyona ndlela indala yeli gama, kufutshane nekheshi kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kunemali oyityala yona yibhanki. Ndihamba malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini obo bunini obuthe ngqo, kwaye bufuna ntoni kuwe, ngaphakathi I-Bitcoin njenge-asethi yomphathi. Ulahlekelwe sisitshixo kwaye iingqekembe zimkile kukulunga, yiyo loo nto kanye ukuba ukugcinwa kuluqeqesho kwaye akuyonto icingelwayo.
Kutheni uyilo lubala ngokwerandi
Kummi waseMzantsi Afrika ingxabano engabonakaliyo malunga nonikezelo ayintsomi kwaphela. Irandi ilahlekelwe ngaphezulu kwamashumi asixhenxe eepesenti zexabiso layo xa ithelekiswa nedola yaseMelika kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, ngokwenkqubo-sikhokelo iReserve Bank eqhube ngayo nayo nayiphi na intanga yemalike esakhulayo. Leyo yinxalenye engathandekiyo. Ukuvuza yayiluyilo olusebenzayo, alusileli. Izigqibo ezithathwe eWashington zibeka ixabiso lemali eyinkunzi evakala eRhawutini, kwaye akukho sixa sobulumko bendawo sitshintsha i-arithmetic yemali enokuhlala yandiswa.
I-Bitcoin iphendula ukuba ngepropati akukho randi kwaye akukho akhawunti ye-offshore inokunikezela: isabelo sayo yonke into engenakukhutshwa kude nawe. Ungumnikazi wengqekembe enye kwaye unesiqingatha esimiselweyo samashumi amabini ananye esigidi sayo yonke into eya kuze ibekho, kulo nyaka nakwinkulungwane. Elo qhezu ayilomgaqo-nkqubo nabani na onokuphinda atyelele kwaye akukho komiti inokuvotela isiqwenga sakho sincinci. Abaxumi abayiqondayo bayayeka ukubuza ukuba yimalini enye ye-bitcoin ngerandi kwaye baqale ukubuza ukuba yimalini na isibonelelo esisisigxina abasigcinileyo esinokuqokelela ngelixa sisezantsi. Ukuba ufuna ityala lemali elipheleleyo kunoomatshini, lihlala ngaphakathi Bitcoin njengemali evakalayo.
Yintoni i-Bitcoin ayikho
I-Bitcoin ayikho i-crypto ngokubanzi. Yeyona asethi kulo mmandla uphela ngokunqongophala kokwenyani, ukwabiwa kwamagunya okwenyani kunye neminyaka engaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu yokhuseleko oluqinisekisiweyo, kunye namawaka amathokheni aboleke isigama sayo zizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinomngcipheko ohlukeneyo. Xa umntu ekuxelela ukuba i-crypto yikhasino bahlala benyanisile uninzi lwayo. Abalungile malunga neBitcoin, kwaye ulwahlulo alukho ukuthengisa.
Akwaphulwa kwakhona xa ixabiso liwa. I-Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso sisandi samaxabiso emarike evulekileyo i-asethi eselula engenayo ibhanki esembindini egudisa ukukhwela, hayi impazamo kuyilo. Kwaye ayiloqhinga lokuba sisityebi ngolwesihlanu. Ndiyayibamba, kwaye ndincede abaxhasi bayibambe, kuba yeyona mali inzima eyenziwe ngabantu, kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi kwaye ayikaze ithathe indawo yerandi yale nyanga.
Impendulo emfutshane
I-Bitcoin yileja ekwabelwana ngayo, ekhuselwe yiprothokholi, eqhutywa kuthungelwano akukho mntu ulawulayo, ephethe i-asethi akukho mntu unokuhlambulula iingqekembe ezidlulileyo ezizigidi ezingama-21. Uphethe isabelo sakho ngokubamba isitshixo. Ayizange inyuswe, ayizange ivalwe phakathi kwaye ayizange iphinde ifakwe ikepusi yayo ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu yabantu abazamayo.
Ayilokamva lemali. Yimali esele isebenza, kwaye owona mbuzo ngowokuba kutheni abantu abanzulu bengekajongi ngokusondeleyo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni i-Bitcoin ngamagama alula?
I-Bitcoin yincwadi ekwabelwana ngayo yokuba ngubani ophethe ntoni, egcinwe ngokufanayo ngamashumi amawaka eekhompyuter ezizimeleyo kwaye ikhuselwe yimithetho enyanzeliswa ziikhompyuter. Akukho rhulumente, inkampani okanye umntu olawulayo, kwaye unikezelo lufakwe kwi-21 yezigidi zemali. Iqale ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2009, eyenziwe ngumphuhlisi ongaziwa owaziwa ngokuba yi-Satoshi Nakamoto, njengempendulo yokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yebhanki.
Yintoni i-node epheleleyo kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?
I-node epheleleyo yisoftware nabani na onokuqhuba egcina yonke i-Bitcoin Ileja kwaye ijonga yonke intengiselwano kunye nebhloko ngokuchasene nemithetho. Ikhaba nantoni na engasebenziyo, njengokuzama ukwenza iimali ezongezelelweyo okanye ukuchitha iinkozo ezifanayo kabini. Ngenxa yokuba amashumi amawaka eendawo zokunyanzelisa imithetho efanayo ngokuzimeleyo, akukho qela linye linokutshintsha iipropati eziphambili zeBitcoin, kuquka i-cap ye-21 yezigidi.
Uyiyeyakho njani i-bitcoin?
Ungumnikazi we-bitcoin ngokubamba isitshixo sabucala, inombolo eyimfihlo ekuvumela ukuba usayine intengiselwano kwaye uchithe iingqekembe zemali eyabelwe yona. Kwelo qhosha labucala isoftware ifumana idilesi yoluntu onokwabelana ngayo ukuze ufumane imali, kwaye izibalo ziqhuba ngendlela enye kuphela, ngoko ke ukwabelana ngedilesi akukhe kusiveze isitshixo. Bamba isitshixo ngokwakho kwaye ubambe imali ngokuthe ngqo, yiyo loo nto ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo kulapho yonke into yehla khona.
Ngaba iBitcoin ibalulekile kubatyali-mali baseMzantsi Afrika?
Ewe, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba uMzantsi Afrika usebenza ngemali ebuthathaka ngokwesakhiwo. Irandi ilahlekelwe ngaphezulu kwamashumi asixhenxe eepesenti zexabiso layo xa ithelekiswa nedola yaseMelika kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. Unikezelo olusisigxina lweBitcoin luthetha ukuba akukho rhulumente, wasekhaya okanye wangaphandle, onokuyifunqula. Kubagcini abazama ukugcina amandla okuthenga kuyo yonke iminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka, lo mahluko uyinto ebonakalayo. Qala ngomnxeba omfutshane ukubona indlela yokwenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni na, yiba neyakho ngokufanelekileyo
I-SimplB inceda abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bathenge, bakhusele kwaye bamise i-Bitcoin ngokuthobelayo, njengoMmeli woBugqwetha we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).
Fumana izitshixo zakho ezandleni zakho