I-Bitcoin Intro: Kutheni kunye neMbali yeMali

Imali ayisiyonto urhulumente ayilwa yaza yanikezelwa kuwe. Bubuchwephesha obufunyanwa ziimarike ngokucothayo, zikhetha eyona nto ithengiswayo ifumaneka kwixesha ngalinye, kwaye iye yatshintshwa ngokuzolileyo amatyeli aliqela xa kwafika eyona ingcono. Qonda ukuba imbali kunye neBitcoin iyeka ukujonga njengomdla we-intanethi kwaye iqala ukujonga njengokungenwa okulandelayo kuluhlu oludala kakhulu. Eli liqhekeza endilinika abathengi bokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngexabiso okanye ukugcinwa, kuba yonke enye into ilandela kwinto eyiyo imali.

Yeyiphi imali ngokwenene

Qala ngengxaki imali eyisombululayo, kuba iipropathi ziphuma kuyo.

Phambi kwemali bekukho ibarter, kwaye ibarter inobuthathaka obubulalayo ukuba yonke intetho yezoqoqosho ifikelele kusuku lokuqala. Umlimi onentsalela yengqolowa ufuna uphahla olutsha. Umtshini ufuna ibhokhwe. Umfama akanabhokhwe. Ngoku abantu abathathu kufuneka bafune izinto ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ngokwexabiso elichanekileyo kanye emva kwemini enye, kwaye ixesha elininzi abafuni, ngoko ke urhwebo lusilele kwaye wonke umntu ugoduka ehlwempuzekile kunokuba ebenjalo. Iingcali zezoqoqosho zikubiza oku kukudibana kwezinto ezifunwayo, yaye asiyongxabano nje encinane. Ludonga ke olo. Ivala ukuba uqoqosho lunobunzima kangakanani na, kuba kudlule inqaku elithile akukho sixokelelwano sotshintshiselwano sinokudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuba sibaluleke. Imali sisixhobo esiqhekeza udonga. Yeyona nto ilungileyo wonke umntu uyayamkela hayi kuba ezifunela yona kodwa kuba esazi ukuba umntu olandelayo uza kuyamkela, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umfuyi uyayithatha kumfama namhlanje ayinike ibhokhwe kwiveki ezayo ngaphandle kokurhweba afune omnye afole.

Kuloo msebenzi mnye kuza imisebenzi emithathu oya kuyibona kuyo nayiphi na incwadi. Imali yindlela yokutshintshiselana, into oyidlulayo kwikhawuntara. Yiyunithi yeakhawunti, irula oyixabisa ngayo yonke enye into ngokuchasene nesonka kunye nokuchetywa kweenwele kunokuthelekiswa konke. Kwaye yivenkile yexabiso, inqanawa ethwala umsebenzi owenze ngoMvulo de ube uchithe ngoJuni.

Umsebenzi wesithathu ngulowo wophuka ngokuzolileyo, kwaye ngowona abantu abaninzi abakhe bacinge ukuwujonga.

Ivenkile elungileyo yexabiso kufuneka iphile ixesha ngaphandle kokuvuza. UCarl Menger, ebhala ngemvelaphi yemali ngo-1892, wanika ipropati esisiseko igama layo: ukuthengiswa, ukukhululeka apho utshintshiselwano oluhle kuyo yonke into ngexesha, umgama kunye nobuninzi. Okona kulungileyo kurhweba ngokugqwesileyo, ngaphezu kobude obude kunye noluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu, luphumelela umsebenzi. Akukho mntu wayalela igolide ukuba ibe yinxalenye yalo msebenzi. Iimarike zaziva indlela yazo yokuya kuyo ngokulungileyo, zilahla umgqatswa ngamnye ngethuba ebonakala elingcono.

Kutheni igolide iphumelele kwaye ibambe iwaka leminyaka

Iinkomo, ityuwa, amaqokobhe ecowrie, amaso eglasi, iidiski zelimestone ezinkulu kwisiqithi sasePasifiki: zonke ziye zasebenza njengemali ndaweni ithile, yaye zonke zasebenza kanye kanye njengoko zazihlala nzima ukuvelisa. Lowo ngumfuziselo omawubambelele kuwo. Nganye kwezi mali iye yawa ngexesha umntu wafika kunye netekhnoloji ukwenza ngaphezulu kwayo ngexabiso eliphantsi, ngelo xesha abantu ababeyiphethe banikezela ngemali yabo, urhwebo ngorhwebo, kuye nabani na obambe unikezelo olutsha. Amaso eglasi aseAfrika asisityebi seencwadi. Zazinqabile yaye zixabisekile eNtshona Afrika kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, de abarhwebi baseYurophu ababenokuzivelisa ngomphanda baqonda ukuba babenokuthenga izinto zokwenene ngento eyayibiza phantse kwanto ekuziveliseni.

Igolide yasinda kolo vavanyo apho yonke enye into yasilelayo, yaye yasinda ngenxa yesizathu esinye esingathandekiyo.

Kunzima ngenene ukugrumba emhlabeni, kwaye akukho mali yokufuna ngaphezulu kwayo itshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Igolide ayivuswa okanye ibole, ngoko ke ingqekembe ebingcwatywe iminyaka engamawaka amabini iphuma emhlabeni ilungile kanye njengemini eyabethwa ngayo. Iyanyibilika kwaye yahlule ngokucocekileyo, ngoko ke intsimbi efanayo ehlawula ityala lobukumkani nayo ihlawula umvuzo wosuku. I-ounce enye iyafana nayo nayiphi na enye, nto leyo ethetha ukungunda ekusebenzeni. Kwaye ngokubalulekileyo unikezelo lwayo lukhula kuphela malunga nesiqingatha esinye nesiqingatha ukuya kwisibini ekhulwini ngonyaka kungakhathaliseki ukuba ixabiso linyuka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kuba intsimbi elula yombiwa kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Loo propati yokugqibela, ubunzima bokuvelisa, yayiluqeqesho lonke. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba akukho kumkani wayenokurhweba ngobutyebi ngommiselo. Kwafuneka aye kuyifumana.

Igolide yabaleka kumda wokwenyani, kwaye kufanelekile ukubiza igama kuba iBitcoin yakhiwe ukuyiphendula. Isinyithi sinzima kwaye kuyingozi ukuhamba. Ngoko abantu baqalisa ukushiya igolide kwindawo yokugcina izinto baze baphathe amabango ephepha kuyo endaweni yoko, yaye kangangexesha elithile iphepha lalifana negolide kuba lalinokuhlawulelwa ngexabiso elimiselweyo xa lifunwa. Oko kwasebenza ngokuchanekileyo okoko nje iziko elikhupha iphepha lingaprinta amanqaku ngaphezu kokuba libambe isinyithi. I-ankile ilibambe ngokunyanisekileyo lonke ilungiselelo. Emva koko i-ankile yanqunyulwa.

NgoAgasti 1971 kunye nexabiso layo

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini inkqubo yeBretton Woods yafaka imali enkulu kwidola yaseMelika, kwaye idola iyodwa yahlala ihlawulelwa ngegolide ngeedola ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu nge-ounce. Yonke irandi ejikelezayo ke ngoko yema kumgama osisigxina ukuba ungathanga ngqo ukusuka kwintsimbi ekwivault. Inkqubo yayinoqeqesho olwakhelwe ngaphakathi, olubolekwe kwigolide engaphantsi kwayo.

Ngasekupheleni kwee-1960 iUnited States yayikhuphe iidola ezingaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ibambe igolide ukugubungela, ukuchitha kwimfazwe kumazwe aphesheya kunye neenkqubo ekhaya, kwaye oorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle baqalisa ukubonisa iidola zabo kwaye bacela isinyithi. Ngorhatya lwangeCawe ngo-Agasti 1971 uNixon waya kumabonakude wavala ifestile yegolide, ephelisa ukuguqulwa kungekho saziso navoti. Usasazo luphazamise isiqendu seBonanza.

Ngaloo ngokuhlwa yonke imali ekhoyo emhlabeni yaba lidinga elisulungekileyo, elixhaswa nanye into eqine ngaphezu kwegunya likarhulumente owalikhuphayo nomthetho othi umele uyamkele. Iikomiti ezilawula ezo zithembiso ngoku zinokukwandisa unikezelo nanini na xa izibalo okanye ezopolitiko zifuna. Ngamanye amaxesha babeziphatha. NgoMatshi ka-2020 uninzi lwezona bhanki zinkulu ziye zayeka ukuziphatha ngaxeshanye, kwaye imali yase-United States ikhule ngaphezulu kwamashumi amane ekhulwini kwiminyaka emithathu. Akukho mntu wabuzwayo. Ndiyilandele yonke loo nto icothayo, kunye nento eyenzayo kwisavings yomntu osebenzayo, ngaphakathi kwenzeka ntoni kugcino lwakho.

Ingxaki ye-fiat, ivakala ngokwerandi

Nje ukuba akukho nto inqanda unikezelo, amandla okuthenga emali awela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Eli asilohlazo eliveliswa ngoorhulumente abangendawo kuphela. Lumsebenzi oqhelekileyo, oyiliweyo wenkqubo engenasingqinisiso ekudaleni imali, yiyo loo nto iibhanki ezingoovimba zichaza iqondo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokuvakalayo endaweni yokulifihla. Zimisele iipesenti ezintandathu ngonyaka kwaye ujonge, ngokuphandle, ukuba amaxabiso aphantse aphindeke kabini rhoqo kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini.

Abemi boMzantsi Afrika bafunda oku ngaphakathi, elilungelo elixubeneyo.

Irandi ilahlekelwe ngaphaya kwamashumi asixhenxe eepesenti zexabiso layo xa ithelekiswa nedola kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo. Yibeke ekhitshini. Umntu odla umhlala-phantsi waseGeorge owagcina ikhulu lamawaka eerandi phantsi komatrasi ngo-2005 unamanani afanayo kumanqaku afanayo namhlanje, kodwa loo manqaku athenga iqhezu legrosari, amafutha kunye nekhava yezonyango ababekhe bayenza, kwaye akukho nasinye isiganeko esimangalisayo esibangele oko. I-Reserve Bank iqhube inkqubo-sikhokelo yokujolisa ekwenyukeni kwamaxabiso ukusukela ngo-2000, ingcono kunezinye iimarike ezikhulayo, kwaye nangaphakathi kweso sikhokelo amaxabiso abathengi aphantse aphinda kabini kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Inkqubo yasebenza njengoko ipapashiwe. Leyo yinxalenye engathandekiyo. Ukuvuza kuluyilo, hayi ukusilela kwayo.

Ngoko abemi boMzantsi Afrika bafikelela, ngokwethuku, ekuphumeni. Ipropathi kwindawo efanelekileyo yedolophu. I-akhawunti ye-offshore ukuba isibonelelo sonyaka kunye namaphepha avumela. Krugerrands kwisilingi, nangoku, kwintaphane yeentsapho. I-instinct ichanekile kwaye izixhobo nganye zithwala ukubamba: indlu ayikwazi ukuthengiswa ngoLwesibini emva kwemini, ukufikelela kwe-offshore kulinganiswa kwaye kubuyiselwe umva, kwaye igolide kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ayikwazi ukuwela umda okanye ukulungisa intlawulo encinci ngaphandle komthengisi phakathi. Ukuhla kwerandi ixesha elide, kwaye kutheni i-asethi enqabileyo iyiphendula, yingxoxo endiyibeke ngokupheleleyo buthetha ntoni ubuthathaka berandi kwiBitcoin.

Apho i-Bitcoin ihambelana noluhlu oludala

I-Bitcoin yenziwa ngobunjineli ngokuphonononga ukuba yintoni eyenza imali yegolide iminyaka engamawaka amahlanu kwaye emva koko yakha ezo zakhiwo ngendlela yoqheliso olungenakunyibilika kwaye umda awunakuyeka. Yiqhube ngokuchasene noluhlu lweemarike ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza isithsaba segolide kwaye ayifaneleki nje. Ifumana amanqaku aphezulu phantse kuwo wonke umgca.

Ukunqongophala kuqala, kuba yipropathi yonke enye into exhomekeke kuyo. Kuya kuze kubekho iingqekembe ezizizigidi ezingama-21 kuphela. Elo nani aliyiyo into ekujoliswe kuyo yirhuluneli kwaye inokuhlaziya ngokuzolileyo. Kungumthetho obhaliweyo kwi-software kwaye unyanzeliswe ngomnye wamashumi amawaka eekhomputha ezizimeleyo eziqhuba uthungelwano, elowo nalowo uyala nayiphi na ibhloko ezama ukuyiphula, ngokuzenzekelayo, kungekho komiti yokunyanzelisa kwaye akukho mhlathi ongxamisekileyo oza kuwubiza. Ukunqongophala kwegolide kuxhomekeke kwikhemistri kunye neendleko zokumba. I-Bitcoin ixhomekeke kwimathematika amawaka abantu abangabaziyo abajonga rhoqo ngaphandle kokuthembana. Ukukhutshwa kwesiqingatha okutsha kuqingqwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine kwaye kuyeka ngokupheleleyo malunga ne-2140, kwaye ngaphezulu kwamashumi alithoba eepesenti yazo zonke iingqekembe eziya kuhlala zikhona sele zembiwe, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umhlaba sele udibene phantse yonke into eliza kuyibona.

Ukwahlula apho igolide yayinzima kwaye iBitcoin ihamba ngayo. Ingqekembe enye yohlukana ibezizigidi ezilikhulu ezibizwa ngokuba ziisatoshis, ngoko ke isixhobo esikwanye sihlawula ikhulu leerandi esithengiweyo kunye nekhulu lezigidi zeerandi enye, akukho mvavanyi nasarha efunekayo. Ungaze ufune ingqekembe yonke ukuze uqalise.

Ukuphatheka yipropathi yegolide ekuthengiswe ngayo ngenxa yobunzima bayo, kwaye yeyona itshintsha ubomi bemihla ngemihla. I-Bitcoin ihambisa kuye nabani na emhlabeni ngemizuzu, kungekho bhanki kwikhonkco, akukho ziko lembalelwano lithatha ukusika kunye nokuqhawula usuku kwikhalenda, kwaye akukho gunya ogama imvume kufuneka ucele kuqala. Ukutshintshela phakathi kweRhawuti kunye neLondon kuhlala malunga neyure nakweyiphi na isayizi. Isinyithi sithatha iiveki zolungiselelo kunye neelori ezixhobileyo ukwenza into enye kakubi.

Emva koko ukuqinisekiswa, okuyipropathi yegolide kunye ne-fiat engazange ibenayo ngokwenene kunye neyona ndithembele kuyo kakhulu kubathengi. Nabani na onelaptop eqhelekileyo unokuqhuba isoftware yeBitcoin, ajonge unikezelo lonke kwaye aqinisekise ukuba iimali zabo ziyinyani ngaphandle kokucela imvume kwiziko elinye. Ukuphicotha ibha yegolide kufuna izixhobo zokuvavanya kunye nengcali. Uphicotho lwemali yesizwe ayinakwenzeka nasemqondweni, kuba into oya kuyidinga ukuyihlola yinjongo yexesha elizayo yabantu abayiprintayo. Igolide kwivault ikucela ukuba uthembe umgcini. I-Bitcoin egcinwe kwizitshixo zakho ikucela ukuba uthembele kwi-arithmetic kwaye akukho nto yimbi. Ukuba ufuna inguqulelo yolwimi olucacileyo lwento ekhoyo ngaphakathi, kwindlela esebenza ngayo, ndibhale yintoni i-Bitcoin ngokwenene kuba kanye loo mfundi, kunye nemeko yemali enzulu ihleli Bitcoin njengemali evakalayo.

Kukho ukubanjwa, kwaye ndingathanda ukuba uyive kum kunokuba uyifumane kwikota embi. I-Bitcoin iselula kwaye iyaguquguquka, kwaye umsebenzi wayo weyunithi-yeakhawunti ngowona ubuthathaka kwezi zintathu namhlanje kuba ixabiso lisaguquguquka kakhulu ngelixa amaxabiso emarike kwinto eyiyo. Yiyo loo nto ndiyibamba kwaye ndincede abaxhasi bayibambe kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi, ayisoze ithathe indawo yerandi yale nyanga. Ityala lexabiso levenkile ngumdlalo omde. Ngaphaya kolu mbono, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ayizizo iijingi kodwa yipropathi enye engenarandi kwaye akukho ounce inokulingana: yibanini ingqekembe kwaye unesiqingatha esimiselweyo samashumi amabini ananye esigidi sayo yonke into eya kubakho, kulo nyaka nakwinkulungwane, kwaye akukho mntu unokukukhupha kweso sabelo.