I-Bitcoin njenge-Asethi yoMthwali: Buthetha ukuthini ubunini obuthe ngqo
Phantse yonke into ocinga ukuba yeyakho, eneneni unebango kuphela kuyo. Izabelo zakho, iibhondi zakho, ibhalansi kwi-app yakho yebhanki: ngasinye sisithembiso esivela kwiziko elinokwaphulwa. I-Bitcoin yahlukile. Yi-asethi ye-asethi, okuthetha ukuba yeyakho ngokubamba isitshixo esiyishukumisayo, kwaye akukho mntu ume phakathi kwakho neenkozo zemali. Esi siqwenga simalunga nokuba yintoni na loo propati kwaye ifuna ntoni kuwe. Kwicala lezomthetho laseMzantsi Afrika, ukusuka kulawulo lotshintshiselwano ukuya kwimihlaba, ndibhalile isiqwenga seqabane apho umi khona umthetho ngo-2026.
Ukuthathwa okungundoqo
Ibhalansi kutshintshiselwano libango elichasene nenkampani, hayi ubunini obuthe ngqo. Ubunini obuthe ngqo buthetha ukuba ubambe isitshixo sabucala, ke akukho ziko linokumisa, liboleke okanye lihluthe iBitcoin yakho. Olo lawulo luza noxanduva, kuba akukho mgca wenkxaso kwaye akukho kusetha kabusha iphasiwedi. Ukubamba okunzulu i-2-of-3 multisig isusa indawo enye yokusilela ngelixa ugcina iingqekembe zezakho.
Yintoni i-asethi yomthwali eneneni
Imali yi-asethi esele iqondwa ngumntu wonke. Nabani na ophethe inqaku ubambe ixabiso. Akukho zirekhodi zerejista zokuba i-R200 ekwiwalethi yakho yeyakho kwaye akukho mabhalana kufuneka akuvumele ukuba uyisebenzise. Umzuzwana inqaku litshintsha izandla, ubunini buyatshintsha nalo.
I-Bitcoin isebenza ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle kokuba i-credential isitshixo sabucala kuneqhekeza lekotoni eprintiweyo. Iincwadi endizigcinayo phambi kwabathengi zichaza ngokucacileyo: i-asethi ye-asethi ngulowo ubunini bakhe bumiselwa ngokuphathwa, apho ulawulo lusekwe ngokubamba ubungqina obufunekayo, kwaye kwimeko yeBitcoin ukuba isiqinisekiso sisitshixo sabucala. Nabani na ophethe isitshixo ubambe ixabiso. Akukho balamleli kwaye akukho registries ngendlela kukho phantse yonke enye into onayo.
Thelekisa oko kunye nezinye iipotfoliyo eziqhelekileyo zaseMzantsi Afrika. Izabelo zakho zihlala kwindawo yokugcina imali ngokuchasene negama lakho. Iiyunithi trust zakho ziphethwe ngumtyunjwa egameni lakho. Irandi kwi-akhawunti yakho yebhanki ngokusemthethweni yimali yebhanki, ebolekwa kuwe xa uyifuna, yiyo loo nto i-frozen account ikufowuna ingekuko ukuqhekeza. Yonke loo nto ixhomekeke kwiziko elihlala linyibilikile kwaye lihlala lithembekile. Ubunini bakho ngumgca okwileja yomnye umntu kwaye kukho umntu onokuyilungisa loo leja. I-Bitcoin yakhiwe ngokukodwa ukususa loo kuxhomekeka. Yi-asethi yokuqala enqabileyo, eyimveli yedijithali, engeyiyo eyongameleyo: uhlobo lwemali olunokuthi lugcinwe ngaphandle komlondolozi, luhanjiswe ngaphandle kwemvume kwaye lungqinwe ngaphandle kwegunya lokucoca eliphakathi.
Ukugcinwa kubini
Akukho Bitcoin isiqingatha-omnini.
Le yeyona nto abantu bakufumanisa kunzima ukuyamkela kuba ayifani neze nemali abakhule nayo. NgeBitcoin akukho mhlaba ophakathi. Mhlawumbi ubambe izitshixo okanye omnye umntu ubambe. Akukho mabango angaphelelanga, akukho lungelo lamaphepha kwaye akukho kugcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kolawulo lokwenene. Isitshixo sabucala yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kugcino lweBitcoin, kuba nabani na onayo unokuhambisa okanye achithe iingqekembe zemali kunye nolawulo lwesitshixo kukulawula imali. Eso sisivakalisi esingaqhelekanga kumgcini-mali ophakanyiswe kwiingxelo kunye neenombolo ze-akhawunti, apho ubunini buhlala buyinto engqinelwa liziko egameni lakho. Apha isiqinisekiso sisitshixo esandleni sakho kwaye akukho nto yimbi.
Ugcino lwemveli lwakhiwe phezu kwetrasti enikezelwe ngabathunywa. Umphathi wengxowa-mali uxhomekeke ebhankini, inkampani ixhomekeke kumbhalisi, usapho luxhomekeke kwinkampani yetrasti, kwaye ukufikelela kulawulwa kwindawo esembindini ngelixa uxanduva kusabelwana ngalo. I-Bitcoin iphula loo modeli kwingcambu. Ukuba umgcini ubamba izitshixo zakho, awuyibambi i-Bitcoin yakho. Ukuba ubambe izitshixo zakho, akukho mgcini unokungena ngokuzolileyo emva kwakho. Akukho sitshixo sokubuyela umva kwaye akukho kukhutshwa kweziseko zophuhliso. Obo kungabikho ngongoma.
Ke xa iinkozo zakho zihlala kutshintshiselwano, awugcinanga i-Bitcoin. Utshintshise iBitcoin ngesithembiso. I-app ibonisa ibhalansi kwaye ibhalansi ibonakala ngathi yeyakho, kodwa ngokwemigaqo yomthetho ungumboleki ongakhuselekanga wenkampani yabucala kunye neengqekembe zezabo de bakhethe ukuzithumela. Olo rhwebelwano lobunini ukuze lube lula luziva lungenabungozi kude kube mzuzu lungekhoyo.
Ngelixa i-abstraction iba ngumphunga
I-FTX ngowona mfanekiso ucocekileyo okhe wabonwa ngabantu baseMzantsi Afrika ngexesha lokwenyani. NgoNovemba ka-2022 utshintshiselwano lwafaka isicelo sokubhanga malunga neebhiliyoni ezisibhozo zeedola ezilahlekileyo. Inethiwekhi yeBitcoin ayizange igqithe. Yahlala ivelisa ibhloko rhoqo ngemizuzu elishumi yonke, ingenamdla kumdlalo weqonga eBahamas. Into eyasilelayo yayiyinkampani, ebiphethe iidipozithi zabathengi njengeyayo kwaye izifake kwingalo yorhwebo emanyeneyo ngaphandle kwemvume yomntu. Imali abathengi bakholelwa ukuba yeyabo ngokukhuselekileyo yayisele ichithwe kwenye indawo.
Abathengi ababebambe iBitcoin kwiFTX babambe ibango elixabisa kwiBitcoin. Xa inkampani ingena phantsi, ibango lahamba nalo. Ukubuyisela kwakhona kuye kwahamba kwiinkundla iminyaka kwaye kubasebenzisi abaninzi kuthetha ilahleko epheleleyo. Kwakungekho nto yayingaqhelekanga ngayo. Yayisisiphumo esiqhelekileyo sokuthembela kummeli ngaphandle kwembopheleleko yokubamba i-asethi.
Ipateni indala kuneFTX kwaye iyaqhubeka iphindaphinda. Ugcino oluxhomekeke kumthengisi lutsala kude kulawulo olungundoqo kwaye lubonelela ngokulula endaweni yokucaca, kwaye kwintlekele, nokuba kukwaphulwa kwe-cyber, ubuqhophololo okanye ukuthinjwa okusemthethweni, ezo zinto zitsalwayo ziyaba ngumphunga. Iingqekembe azizange zibe apho isikrini sathi ziphi. Ndibeke ukusilela kwiinkcukacha ezithe vetshe isiqwenga sam sokuba kutheni imali esembindini ihlala ifuna ibheyile, kuba inkqubo iyafana nokuba iziko liyi-crypto exchange okanye ibhanki. Xa omnye umntu elawula i-asethi, iimpazamo zomnye umntu ziba yilahleko yakho.
Umbuzo ofanele uzibuze wona
Nalu uvavanyo endilubeka ebantwini ngekofu. Ukuba utshintshiselwano olusebenzisayo lwanyamalala ngobusuku, ngaba usenomnikazi weBitcoin yakho?
Ukuba impendulo yakho ixhomekeke kuloo nkampani ihlala i-solvent, iphendula ii-imeyile kwaye iqhubekiselalisa ukurhoxa kwakho, ngoko awunayo i-Bitcoin ngendlela eyenzelwe ukuba ibe yeyakho. Unayo i-IOU. Isenokuba nembeko. Zininzi. Kodwa nokuba iyahlonitshwa ayisiyiyo eyakho ukuthatha isigqibo kwaye ngumngcipheko wokuba i-Bitcoin iwucime.
Ubunini obuthe ngqo buyimva yayo yonke loo nto. Iingqekembe zakho zikhona kwi-Isixokelelwano seebloko nokuba yintoni na eyenziwa yinkampani okanye isilele ukwenza. Iqhosha labucala liyawavula. Akukho myalelo wenkundla, akukho jaji ebhangayo, akukho sigqibo sebhodi kwaye akukho mnxeba unakho ukodlula imathematika. Oko kungashukumi yinto kanye eyenza i-Bitcoin ibe yi-asethi yomphathi kunokuba ingene kwisiseko sedatha, kwaye kungenxa yoko uqeqesho olufunayo alukhethi.
Ubunini obuthe ngqo busebenza njani
Xa useta isipaji, isixhobo sivelisa ibinzana lembewu, ngokuqhelekileyo amagama ali-12 okanye angama-24 ngokulandelelana okusisigxina. Loo magama luhlobo olufundeka ngumntu lweqhosha lakho labucala. Nabani na obabambeyo unokwakha kwakhona isipaji sakho kuso nasiphi na isixhobo naphi na emhlabeni, ngaphandle kokucela ibhanki, ukutshintshiselana okanye kum imvume. Nabani na ongazibambiyo, kuquka nawe emva kokufuduka ngokungakhathali kwindlu, akanako.
Isipaji se-hardware sigcina esi sitshixo singaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kwisixhobo esincinci esizinikeleyo, kude ne-malware ilaptop yakho ethe cwaka iqokelelwe kuyo iminyaka. Ibinzana lembewu ngokwayo lixhaswa ngokwahlukileyo, libhalwe ephepheni okanye ligxininiswe kwintsimbi, kwaye isixhobo kunye ne-backup akumele ihlale kwidrowa enye. Kulapho uxanduva luluma khona. Lahla zombini isixhobo kunye ne-backup kwaye i-Bitcoin ihambe kakuhle. Akukho kusetwa kwakhona kwegama lokugqitha, akukho kungena kwe-PIN elityelweyo kwaye akukho mntu unokufowunela. I-Bitcoin, ngeendlela ezininzi, i-asethi yokuqala yokugcina efumanekayo nakubani na kwaye eyokuqala inokuzimela ngaphandle kokulalanisa. Akukho vault, akukho satifikethi, akukho mthetheleli. Imathematika nje, ufihlo kunye nokuziphatha. Olo kutshintshwa koxanduva ukusuka kwiziko ukuya kumntu yinto eyenza ibe namandla kwaye yintoni eyenza ukuba ifune ngokuphefumula okufanayo, yiyo loo nto ndihamba abathengi ngokuseta kunokuba ndibathumelele uluhlu lokutshekisha. Ndigquma oomatshini ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni indlela abemi boMzantsi Afrika abazenzela ngayo ngokufanelekileyo.
I-Multisig yee-holdings ezikugcina ungalali ebusuku
Isitshixo esinye bubunini bokwenyani kodwa ikwayinqaku elinye lokusilela. Iphulukene nayo okanye ibiwe kwaye yonke into ihamba kwangoko. Kwisikhundla esithobekileyo loo mngcipheko uyalawuleka ngononophelo. Kudlule ubungakanani obuthile isakhiwo kufuneka sithwale uqeqesho.
Ukuseta i-2-of-3 ye-multisignature iyakwenza oko. Izitshixo ezintathu zikhona, naziphi na ezimbini zinokugunyazisa ukuthengiselana, kwaye zihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze libe ezi ngqekembe isela bekuya kufuneka lilahle izitshixo ezibini ngaxeshanye. Ukuze uphulukane nofikelelo ngengozi kuya kufuneka ukuba uphulukane nezimbini ngaxeshanye. Isiganeko esinye asikwazi ukuliphelisa ibali.
Esi sisakhiwo emva kweVault ye-SimplB. Ubambe izitshixo ezibini kwizixhobo ezisuka kubenzi abahlukeneyo kwaye ndibambe isithathu kwisitshixo sokubuyisela esinomkhewu womoya, esisetyenziselwa ukukunceda ufumane kwakhona okanye ukusayinela ilifa lakho. Uvelisa ezakho izitshixo kunye nam ndikhokela inyathelo ngalinye kwaye andizange ndibabone okanye ndibachukumise, ke akukho ziko elinye elikhe lilawule iBitcoin yakho. Umendo welifa uyilwe ukususela kusuku lokuqala kunokuba ubotshwe emva koloyiko, kwaye kulapho kubaluleke khona, ngaphezu kokuba abantu abaninzi beqonda de usapho lungakwazi ukufikelela kwiingqekembe zemali zesalamane esibhubhileyo.
Elo nqaku lokugqibela lifanelwe ngumzuzwana, kuba indalo ekhuselayo xa usaphila ijikela usapho lwakho ngephanyazo ungeyiyo. Ibhanki iya kunikezela ibhalansi kumntu obhalwe phantsi ukuze abe ilifa obonisa amaphepha afanelekileyo. Inethiwekhi yeBitcoin ayinanto yokubambisa ukunika nantoni na. Iileta zokuphumeza azithethi nto kwisitshixo sabucala kwaye umyolelo awunako ukuguqulela umyolelo omnye. Ukuba indlela yofikelelo ayizange ibhalwe phantsi ngelixa wonke umntu esaphila, iingqekembe zemali zilahleka ngokulula, ngaphakathi ngokupheleleyo kwipropati ngenjongo yomsebenzi kwaye ngokusisigxina ngaphandle kokufikelela ngaxeshanye. Ulungiselelo lwe-2-of-3 luyisombulula ngokuzolileyo, kuba ukubuyisela nayiphi na enye yee-backups zakho kwanele ukuba isitshixo sam sokubuyisela sisayine ecaleni kwayo kwaye sikhulule iingqekembe kumyalelo welifa lakho.
Ubunini buthetha nto ngaphandle kofikelelo. I-asethi ye-asethi enendlela yokubuyisela ebhaliweyo yinguqulelo yale nto isindayo kuwe. Lowo ngumahluko phakathi kokubamba iBitcoin kwaye uyibambe nje okwangoku.
Ukushiya utshintshiselwano kwaye ungene kwizitshixo zakho lelinye lawona manyathelo alandelayo athathwa ngumnini weBitcoin, kwaye linyathelo apho impazamo ezolileyo ixabisa kakhulu. Ukuba ungathanda ukuyenza kube kanye kwaye uyenze ngokufanelekileyo, qala ngesicelo esifutshane kunye nencoko kwaye ndiya kukuhamba ngenguqulelo ehambelana nobungakanani bokubamba kwakho.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni i-asethi yomthwali?
I-asethi ye-asethi yeyokuba ubunini buvela kubumnini kunerekhodi elibhalisiweyo. Imali ngumzekelo wemihla ngemihla: nabani na obambe inqaku ubambe ixabiso. I-Bitcoin isebenza ngendlela efanayo, kunye nesitshixo sabucala njengesiqinisekiso. Nabani na olawula isitshixo ulawula i-Bitcoin kwaye akukho ziko kufuneka liqaphele okanye liqinisekise ukuba ubunini ukuba bube yinyani.
Ngaba i-Bitcoin yam kutshintshiselwano ngokwenene yeyam?
Hayi ngendlela ocinga ngayo. Xa ubambe ibhalansi kutshintshiselwano ubambe ibango ngokuchasene naloo nkampani, ngelixa utshintshiselwano lubambe ezona zitshixo. Ngokwemigaqo yomthetho ungumbolekisi ongakhuselekanga. Ukuba iyatshona, igqekeziwe okanye imise ukutsalwa kwemali, ibango lakho alinakufezekiswa. I-FTX ngowona mzekelo ucacileyo wamva nje waloo mngcipheko udlala ngokupheleleyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa ndilahlekelwa igama lam lembewu?
Ukuba ulahlekelwa zombini ibinzana lakho lembewu kunye ne-wallet yakho ye-hardware, i-Bitcoin ayinakufikelelwa ngokusisigxina. Akukho kusetha kwakhona kwaye akukho mgca wenkxaso, elicala le-flip yobunini bokwenyani. Yiyo loo nto abanini abanzulu begximfiza amagama kwintsimbi, bagcine i-backup kude nesixhobo kwaye bavavanye ukubuyiswa ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na imali yokwenyani ihambe.
Yintoni isipaji semultisig?
I-wallet ye-multisig idinga ngaphezu kwesinye isitshixo sabucala ukugunyazisa nayiphi na intengiselwano. Kwi-2-of-3 yokuseta amaqhosha amabini kwamathathu kufuneka asayine. Akukho sitshixo sinye inqaku elinye lokusilela, ke ukuphulukana nelinye akuphulukani neBitcoin yakho kwaye isela eliba umntu alikwazi ukuyihambisa. Ikhusela ilahleko yengozi kunye nobusela ngaxeshanye.
Inceda njani i-SimplB ngokugcinwa?
Ndinceda abemi boMzantsi Afrika basuke kwibhalansi yotshintshiselwano baye kubunini bokwenene ngesantya esibafaneleyo. Kwizikhundla ezincinci oko kuthetha ukuzigcina kwi-hardware-wallet kunye ne-backup evavanyiweyo ngokufanelekileyo. Kwizikhundla ezinkudlwana iVault yi-2-of-3 multisig enendlela yelifa eyakhiwe ukusuka kusuku lokuqala, ukuze i-Bitcoin yakho ihlale iyeyakho kwaye ihlale ifikeleleka nakwisizukulwana sonke.
Ziziinkozo zemali, hayi isithembiso
I-SimplB inceda abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bathenge, bakhusele kwaye bamise i-Bitcoin ngokuthobelayo, njengoMmeli woBugqwetha we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).
Bhukha umnxeba wokufunyanwa