I-Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Race: Lapho Imi khona ngo-2025
Umjaho we-Bitcoin ozimele usuvele uqhutshwa, futhi iningi lenkundla lingene kuwo ngengozi. I-United States, i-El Salvador neBhutan zihlezi ngaphambili, ngayinye ifike ngomgwaqo ohlukile. INingizimu Afrika ayikho kulo mjaho futhi isimemezele ukuthi ngeke izimisele ukuwungenela. Lelo gebe yisizathu sokuthi ngigcine ikhadi lamaphuzu eligijimayo, ngoba isethulo esisethwe phesheya sishintsha ingxoxo enginayo namaklayenti lapha.
Ukhiye wokuthatha
NgoMashi 2025 i-oda lesigungu saseMelika senza ngokusemthethweni i-Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, imali elinganiselwa ku-198,000 uhulumeni wase-US ayeseyithathile ngokudliwa kobugebengu kanye nomphakathi. Lo myalelo wawusho ngokusobala ukuthi i-United States ngeke idayise lezo zinhlamvu zemali. I-El Salvador ibambe cishe i-6,000 kusukela ekuthengeni okungaguquki kusukela ngo-2021. I-Bhutan ibambe i-11,700 elinganiselwa ku-11,700 nge-surplus hydropower. I-Pitoli ayinawo umgomo onjalo, kodwa indlela yokuhamba ifanele ukuqondwa ngaphambi kokuba unqume ukuthi wenzeni ngemali yakho.
I-United States ibuyele esikhundleni esikhulu kunazo zonke
Umnikazi weBitcoin omkhulu kunabo bonke akakaze athenge uhlamvu lwemali. IWashington yaqongelela isitaki sayo ngendlela isikhiya sobufakazi samaphoyisa esiqongelela ngayo imali, ngokuthathwa, futhi yakwenza lokho isikhathi esingaphezu kweshumi leminyaka ngaphandle kwecebo elingaphezu kokuthengisa imali etholwe ngamanani.
Amacala eSilk Road kanye nokutholwa kohlamvu lwemali oluboshelwe ku-akhawunti ye-Hack Bitfinex ka-2016 iningi layo. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-2025 izinhlangano zikahulumeni zazihlezi ezinhlamvu zemali ezingaba ngu-198,000, zisabalele eminyangweni embalwa engakaze iphathe ukubanjwa njengenye into ngaphandle kwempahla eshaqiwe emiswe kulayini elinde ukulahlwa.
Khona-ke uhlaka lwaphenduka. NgoMashi 2025 umyalo wesigungu wasungula i-Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, wayifaka imali ngohlamvu lwemali oluphuciwe futhi wayala izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuthi zihlole igunya lazo lokuhambisa noma iyiphi enye i-Bitcoin eziyibambe endaweni efanayo. Amagama abaluleke kakhulu kwakuwumusho ocacile kulo mbhalo: i-United States ngeke ithengise i-Bitcoin efakwe ku-Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. Yaqhubeka futhi yatshela iminyango kaMgcinimafa kanye Nezohwebo ukuthi ithole izindlela ezingathathi hlangothi zesabelomali zokuthola okwengeziwe, okuyindlela enesizotha yokusho ukuthi qongelela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali yabakhokhi bentela, futhi iphepha elilodwa lenqubomgomo yaseMelika elixhunywe kulowo mzamo libonisa ngokusobala ukwazisa kweBitcoin njengendlela yokunciphisa umthwalo wokubuyisela imali eyizigidigidi ezikweletini zombuso ngamanani angcono. Lokho kuyinto engavamile ukuthi uhulumeni ayibhale phansi. Eshumini leminyaka edlule isiphakamiso esifanayo besizophathwa njengokuzigqaja okuqeda umsebenzi eWashington. Manje isihlezi kumephu yomgwaqo wenqubomgomo lapho umuntu onezikweletu ezinkulu emhlabeni enquma, ngokusemthethweni nangokubhala phansi, ukuthi le mpahla ifanele ukugcinwa kunokuba idayiswe.
Izifundazwe azizange zilinde ukuthi isimo sikahulumeni sixazulule. I-Texas ne-Wyoming zithuthele ukuze zivikele amalungelo ezimayini nawokugcina kanye nokumisa amalungiselelo azo okugodla, futhi uchungechunge lwezinye izifundazwe lwafaka izikweletu ezifanayo. Uchungechunge oluvamile luyisiphakamiso esilula: ucezu lwezimali zomphakathi lungase lugcinwe kangcono ku-Bitcoin kunemali lapho ukwehla kwamandla emali kuguguleka buthule kanye nephepha likaMgcinimafa elikhokha ngaphansi kwalezo zindleko zokuguguleka.
Yileyo ngxenye engingeke ngiyigcizelele. Ibhizinisi elincane elikhetha ukubamba i-Bitcoin liwuphawu olunamandla kunohlamvu lwemali lukahulumeni kazwelonke elingakaze likhethe ukuluthenga. I-Texas ayizange ibambe isikhundla sayo. Yazindla ngendlela yayo yokufuna eyodwa, okuyisenzo esihlukile futhi esenziwe ngamabomu kakhulu kunokwenza ngokusemthethweni ilokha yobufakazi, futhi iwuhlobo lwesinqumo esivame ukukopishwa uma untanga oyedwa ohloniphekile esebeke ubungozi bokuhamba kuqala.
I-El Salvador yahamba kuqala futhi yathatha ukugxekwa kuqala
I-El Salvador yamukela i-Bitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni ngoSepthemba 2021, izwe lokuqala ukwenza kanjalo, futhi iye yathenga kancane kancane kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ukubamba manje sekunezinhlamvu zemali ezingaba ngu-6,000.
Ukukhishwa bekungamatshe. Isikhwama se-Chivo sombuso sakhubeka ngaphandle kwesango futhi i-International Monetary Fund yaphikisana ngokuzwakalayo nangokuphindaphindiwe, ikhuluma ngokukhathazeka kwezezimali komnotho omncane wamadola. I-San Salvador yaqhubeka ithenga kukho konke. Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kubalwa njengempumelelo kusancike ngokuphelele ekutheni iyiphi imethrikhi oyikhethayo, kodwa yenze okuthile okungekho phepha elimhlophe elingakwenza: kukhiqize idatha ebukhoma, yeminyaka eminingi yokuthi kwenzekani uma inkosi ibeka i-Bitcoin eshidini layo lebhalansi futhi yenqaba ukucwayiza. Leyo sethi yedatha yayingekho ngaphambi kuka-2021, futhi yonke inkonzo yezezimali enesisindo sombuzo manje isithola ukuyifunda mahhala.
IBhutan ingene ngomnyango ongemuva
IBhutan yakhetha umzila othule kunawo wonke. Kunokuba ithenge emakethe evulekile iguqule amandla kagesi aphehlwa ngamanzi angaphezulu kwaba uhlamvu lwemali, ngokusebenzisa ingalo yayo yokutshala imali yesifundazwe, yakha iBitcoin elinganiselwa ku-11,700 yombuso wabantu abangaphansi kwesigidi.
I-logic inhle. Amandla kagesi asezintabeni ashibhile futhi avame ukumosheka lapho isidingo sasekhaya siphansi. Izimayini ziguqula amandla anciphile abe yimpahla ewuketshezi yomhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-rupee yezindawo zokushintshisana zangaphandle. Esizweni esincane esinamandla amaningi kanye negumbi elincane lezezimali, kuyindlela yokuqongelela imali egciniwe okungekho umakhelwane omkhulu oyilawulayo, futhi ikwenza lokho kunoma yiliphi ishadi lentengo yemakethe evulekile.
INingizimu Afrika kufanele ithole lelo phuzu lokugcina lithakazelisa, uma kubhekwa ubudlelwano bethu nogesi. I-Bhutan iphendule amandla engeziwe yaba impahla kazwelonke. Sichithe ingxenye engcono yeshumi leminyaka siguqula amandla anganele kwaba inkinga kazwelonke. Ukuqhathanisa akulungile emininingwaneni futhi angiphakamisi imayini yombuso noma yini, kodwa kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi indlela ye-energy-to-Bitcoin iyindlela yamasu yangempela yamazwe anokufaka okukodwa esiye sazabalaza kakhulu ukukunikeza ngokuthembekile.
Izizwe eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu manje zibambe i-Bitcoin ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Abanye bayibamba ngamabomu.
Abaningi abakwenzi. I-United Kingdom ihlezi phezu kwezinhlamvu zemali ezibanjiwe ezibalelwa ku-61,000 futhi isichithe iminyaka idingida ukuthi yenzeni ngenqwaba egunjini lobufakazi, inkulumo-mpikiswano ekhiqize amakholomu amasentimitha amaningi kakhulu kunenqubomgomo. Izimoto zokutshala izimali ezizimele ezindaweni ezifana ne-UAE ne-Norway zithwala ukuchayeka okungaqondile ngezinkampani ezinazo esikhundleni sanoma iyiphi inqubomgomo ye-Bitcoin eshiwo eyazo. Iphethini iphinda cishe kuzo zonke izikali engizibukayo. Ukunqwabelana okuthulile kufika kuqala futhi imfundiso, uma ifika, iza ixhugela ngemuva kwakho.
I-agumenti ethembekile futhi ephikisana ne-sovereign reserve
Ikesi elivuna icala legolide, elibuyekeziwe. Amabhange amakhulu abambe igolide amakhulu eminyaka ngesizathu esisodwa esidlula yonke imfashini kuthiyori yephothifoliyo: akuyona isikweletu somuntu futhi akekho uhulumeni oyedwa ongayiphrinta. I-Bitcoin yenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokuphatheka kangcono, ukuqinisekiswa okusheshayo kanye nokuhlinzeka okufinyelele ezigidini ezingu-21 futhi okungeke kuxoxiswanane ngayo phezulu. Isimo esiyibambe emjikelezweni wokugcina ngabe siyibuke idlula zonke ezinye izindlela ebhodini.
Ngithola leyo mpikiswano iheha. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ukuphikisa kuyiqiniso futhi kufanele ukusho ngaphandle kokunyakaza.
I-Bitcoin ihamba kanzima ngezikhathi ezimfushane, futhi inqolobane eshintshashintshayo emakethe ifaka inkimbinkimbi ezinzile, igunya eliwuketshezi elakhiwe nxazonke. Ukubamba impahla okungezona ezizimele encike kunethiwekhi yomhlaba yethula ukuncika okungokwesiko okugciniwe okungathwali. Futhi kunezindleko zezombangazwe zokufika kusenesikhathi ezingahlangene nakancane nentengo: ungqongqoshe wezeziMali owabayo bese ebona ukuhoxa uphatha leso sinqumo ngendlela yokuthi ukubamba iphepha eliyisicefe likaMgcinimafa kungalokothi kudalule. Akukho kulokhu okubulalayo kuleli cala, kodwa ukuzenza sengathi abantu bazikhulumela ezikhundleni abangakwazi ukuzibamba ngonyaka omubi. Ngenza inguqulo egcwele yale mpikiswano, ukulinganisa kanye nakho konke, ku icala lokugcinwa kwamasu.
Ithiyori yomdlalo isancike ngendlela eyodwa, noma kunjalo. Ukunikezwa kulungisiwe, ngakho-ke ukuthenga kusenesikhathi ishibhile ngokwezibalo kunokuba uthole ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi abahambisi bokuqala bathola ukubhala izindinganiso zokugcinwa kanye nokubalwa kwezimali okuzotholwa yiwo wonke umuntu olandelayo. Leso yisimo esingesihle ukuthi ohamba sekwephuzile abe kuso.
Kukhona isici sokuzivikela kuso futhi, esithola ukunakwa okuncane kunendaba yokwazisa. Ngo-2022 i-Ukraine yaxhasa ngezimali ingxenye yokuzivikela kuzwelonke ngokuthumela ikheli le-Bitcoin futhi yabuka amashumi ezigidi zamaRandi efika phakathi nezinsuku, evela kubanikeli emazweni amaningi, lingekho ibhange phakathi elikwazi ukulimisa noma libambezele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi esinye isiqephu esixazululwe, siphendule umbuzo wokuthi ingabe impahla isebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yangempela. Inqolobane ongayidlulisela emngceleni ngenkumbulo yakho, okungekho bhange elingabambisene naye elingakwazi ukukubamba, iwuhlobo oluhlukile lomshwalense oya egolideni endaweni engaphansi noma amadola ku-akhawunti omunye umuntu angagunyaza.
Lapho iNingizimu Afrika imi khona ngempela
Akekho umuntu ePitoli obhala umthethosivivinywa wokugodla. Isimo se-Reserve Bank siwukubuka ukuthuthukiswa kwempahla ye-crypto nokuhlala siqaphile, futhi amandla okulawula ezwe asengene kubahlinzeki besevisi abanikeza amalayisense esikhundleni sokuthola leyo mpahla. I-Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) imemezele ama-crypto assets njengomkhiqizo wezezimali ngaphansi koMthetho Wezeluleko Zezezimali kanye Nomphakathi Wezinsizakalo (FAIS) ngo-Okthoba 2022, owadonsela ukuhwebelana, abadayisi nezeluleko ohlakeni olusemthethweni. Lowo ngumbuzo ohlukile kowokuqongelela umbuso, futhi yilowo iNingizimu Afrika ekhethe ukuwuphendula kuqala.
Ngicabanga ukuthi lowo myalelo ulungile, noma ngabe kusho ukuthi asibambe lutho.
Umthetho ngaphambi kokwaba wukulandelana okuphusile, futhi kushiya umuntu waseNingizimu Afrika endaweni enhle ngokungavamile. Ungakwazi ukwakha indawo yokugcina i-Bitcoin namuhla, ngaphakathi kohlaka olunelayisensi, umtshali-zimali waseMelika ayengakwazi ukukusho ngokwethembeka ngaphambi kokuba ama-ETF afike ngo-2024. Uhlanga oluzimele lunesisindo esincane lapha njengenqubomgomo futhi njengesignali: wonke uhulumeni owengeziwe ophethe i-Bitcoin wenza kube nzima kolandelayo ukuthi azulise impahla njenge-fringe, futhi abalawuli basekhaya bavame ukuvakashela kabusha uhlaka lwabo lapho ontanga yabo sebethuthile. Ngilandele ukuthi lolo shintsho lwesikhungo lubuyela kanjani kumakhasi ebhalansi ayimfihlo ku ukwamukelwa kwesikhungo seBitcoin, futhi isisho sendawo sayo sesivele sisohlwini, nge Inkampani yokuqala yase-Afrika esohlwini lwe-JSE ye-Bitcoin ukunikeza imali egunyaziwe umnyango owawungekho ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ezedlule.
Kumuntu ngamunye, akukho kulokhu okudinga ikomiti. Isizathu sokulinganisa i-Bitcoin akukhona ukuthi iWashington manje iyiphethe; wukuthi irandi lilokhu lenza okwenziwa yimali engafakwanga. Ngaphinda nga-oda ubhasikidi ofanayo wegrosa ePlettenberg Bay ngokuhlukana kancane konyaka ngawubuka ukhuphuka usuka cishe ku-R1,000 uya ku-R1,400 ngaphandle kwesimemezelo esinanyathiselwe. Ikhadi lamaphuzu elizimele liwumongo owusizo. Owakho ubhasikidi uyimpikiswano yangempela, futhi yiwona okufanele akunyakazise.
Ukulinda uphawu olusemthethweni lwaseNingizimu Afrika nakho kuyisu. Idumile futhi inenzuzo yokungalokothi ubukeke iyiziwula ngesikhathi esifushane. Yilona nje elibizayo.
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe uhulumeni wase-US ungumnikazi we-Bitcoin?
Yebo. Iqoqe cishe izinhlamvu zemali ze-198,000 ngokudliwa kobugebengu kanye nomphakathi, ikakhulukazi amacala eSilk Road kanye nokubuyiselwa okuhlobene nokugebenga kwe-Bitfinex ka-2016. NgoMashi 2025 i-oda lesigungu sasungula i-Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, sayenza imali ngalolo hlamvu lwemali olushaqiwe futhi sathi i-United States ngeke idayise i-Bitcoin egcinwe endaweni yokulondoloza. Umyalelo ofanayo waqondisa iminyango yoMgcinimafa kanye Nezohwebo ukuthi ithole izindlela ezingahambisani nesabelomali zokuthola okwengeziwe.
Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwethenda ye-Bitcoin yase-El Salvador kube yimpumelelo?
Kuncike kumethrikhi. I-El Salvador iphethe cishe izinhlamvu zemali ezingu-6,000 futhi iye yathenga kancane kancane kusukela yamukela i-Bitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni ngo-2021. I-IMF yaphikisa kaningi futhi izwe kamuva lasingatha ezinye zezimfuneko zamathenda asemthethweni njengengxenye yesivumelwano soxhaso. Okungephikiswane ngakho ukuthi ikhiqize idatha yokuqala ebukhoma, yeminyaka eminingi esethwe ku-Bitcoin ephethe umbuso, lapho yonke iminyango yezezimali enesisindo sombuzo manje ifundwa.
Ingabe iNingizimu Afrika ingake ibambe iBitcoin njengempahla egciniwe?
Asikho isiphakamiso samanje. Uhlaka lweBhange Lombuso lugxile emalini yangaphandle kanye negolide, futhi umzamo wokulawula weNingizimu Afrika usungene ekunikezeni abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo amalayisensi esikhundleni sokuthola leyo mpahla. Ukushintsha ukufaka i-Bitcoin kuzodinga ushintsho olukhulu lwenqubomgomo kanye nomthetho okungenzeka ukuthi ube nawo. Ukucabanga kwami kokuthi amashidi ebhalansi ayimfihlo lapha azohamba isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba osemthethweni enze, kanye nabaqondisi abanesisindo esingakwazi ukufunda. I-Bitcoin njengempahla yebhizinisi ye-treasury.
Ingabe ukutholwa okuzimele kuyayithinta intengo ye-Bitcoin?
Ukuqongelela kunciphisa uhlamvu lwemali olutholakala ezimakethe ezivulekile, okuvame ukusekela intengo uma isidingo sikhona. Umthelela omkhulu cishe awuqondile: uma ohulumeni bebamba i-Bitcoin kuba nzima kakhulu kwabanye ohulumeni ukuyivala noma ukuyikhawulela, okunweba imakethe ekwazi ukubhekana nayo. Yomibili imiphumela ilandela ekuhlinzekeni okujwayelekile kanye nesidingo kunanoma yisiphi isithembiso ngekusasa.
Yakha eyakho indawo yokulondoloza ngaphambi kokuba amakomiti enze
I-SimplB isiza abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukuthi bathenge, bavikele futhi bahlele i-Bitcoin ngendlela ehambisanayo, njengoMmeleli Wezomthetho we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).
Bhukha ikholi yokutholwa