Ukwamukelwa Kwesikhungo SeBitcoin: Kusho Ukuthini Futhi Kungani Kubalulekile

Umthengi oseceleni weBitcoin ushintshile. Kusukela i-American spot exchange-traded fund (ETF) yagunyaza ngoJanuwari 2024, abantu ababhala amasheke abaphathi bempahla, izinkampani ezisohlwini nabaphatheli bempesheni, hhayi nje abantu abanombono oqinile. Lesi siqeshana sibeka ukuthi lokho kushintsha empeleni kwenzani empahleni engaguquki, kungani ukugcinwa kuyingxenye ehlukanisa i-allocator ebucayi esihlokweni, kanye nokuthi kusho ukuthini kuma-balance sheets aseNingizimu Afrika.

Kungani umthengi eshintshile nokuthi kungani lokho kubalwa

Esikhathini esiningi sempilo yeBitcoin umthengi oseceleni kwakungumuntu ozimele onombono oqinile kanye nesheke elincane. Lowo mthengi wakha isisekelo futhi anginalutho ngaphandle kokuhlonipha abasekuqaleni. Abantu ababhala amasheke manje bahlukile. Bafunda amamemo okukhuthala, baphendula abaphathiswa futhi bahlukanise amashumi ezigidi ngesikhathi.

Idethi yehinge kulula ukuyiqamba. Ngomhla ziyi-10 kuMasingana 2024 umlawuli waseMelika wagunyaza indawo eyishumi nanye imikhiqizo edayiswa ngokuhwebelana nge-Bitcoin ngesinqumo esisodwa, futhi ngokokuqala ngqá umphathi wempesheni noma umphathi wengcebo angathenga ukuchayeka kweBitcoin ngamapayipi afanayo asevele ewasebenzisele ukulingana. Ekupheleni kwalowo nyaka lezo zimali zaziphethe izinhlamvu zemali ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-1.08 futhi zathwala cishe izigidigidi eziyi-100 zamaRandi aseMelika. Enkulu kunazo zonke yafinyelela esikalini kwathatha iminyaka yomkhiqizo wegolide olinganayo ukwakha. Ukugeleza kwesikhwama akukaze kuziphathe ngale ndlela phambilini.

Ukunikezwa akukwazi ukuphendula. Ikhephu yizinhlamvu zemali eziyizigidi ezingu-21 futhi uhhafu wokukhishwa omusha njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mangaki amagumbi okuhlala anquma ukuthi afuna ukungena. Uma umthengi onesineke omkhathizwe eside ehlangabezana nempahla isimiso sayo sokukhiqiza esinqunyiwe ngekhodi, inani ukuphela kwento esele ikhululekile ukuthi ihambe. Ngilandele umkhondo walokho kushayisana Ukutholwa kweBitcoin kwesikhathi esizayo kanye necala lokulondolozwa kwamasu, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi akukho okuye kwathambisa isiphetho.

Ukuphindaphinda amanani kuvame ukulandela. Hhayi ohlelweni noma ubani ongakuthengisa, futhi hhayi ngendlela eqondile, kodwa isiqondiso asiyona into engaqondakali.

I-Bitcoin ifundwa njengempahla yomgcinimafa, hhayi ukuhweba

Ukushintsha okuthakazelisa kakhulu akuwona usayizi wokugeleza. Ushintsho emabhodini emibuzo abuzwayo. I-Bitcoin ayisakalwa kuphela njengento yokuhweba ukuze uthole inzuzo esheshayo, ebanjwe isizini futhi ithengiswe embuthanweni wokuqala onzima. Ikalwa njengemali yezimali, ihlezi kukholomu yengqondo efanayo nezigodlo inkampani enazo ngokuzikhethela kanye nokuvikela ekopheni kancane kwemali engakhishwa ngokuthanda kwayo.

IJaji i-Bitcoin njengohwebo nokuguquguquka kuqhuba yonke ingxoxo. Yahlulele njengendawo yokugcina yesikhathi eside futhi imibuzo ishintsha ngokuphelele: iyivelakancane kangakanani, iphatheka kanjani, ingakanani uketshezi ngosayizi, futhi ihlala kude kangakanani ngaphandle kwemishini yokuhlanza eguguleka ibhalansi ye-fiat unyaka nonyaka. Leyo imibuzo yengcebo futhi inezimpendulo zengcebo.

Inkampani eyenza leli cala laduma kakhulu bekuyinkampani yesoftware yaseMelika iMicroStrategy, selokhu yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Strategy, eyaqala ukuguqula ishidi layo lebhalansi ngo-2020 futhi manje seliphethe cishe izinhlamvu zemali ezingama-479,000. Iphinde yanikeza imakethe ibhodi lamaphuzu. Esikhundleni semali etholwayo ngesabelo ngasinye ibika ukukhula kwe-Bitcoin ephethwe ngesheya ngalinye, isilinganiso esiziba intengo ngokuphelele futhi sibuze kuphela ukuthi ingabe isabelo ngasinye sisekelwa uhlamvu lwemali oluningi kunangonyaka odlule. Leyo yindlela eqotho yokwahlulela noma iyiphi inkampani eyakhelwe phezu kwalo modeli, futhi ngingena emshinini, i-premium nakho konke, kweyami ukubuyekezwa kwezinkampani zezimali ze-Bitcoin.

Ukugeleza kukuqinisa kanjani ukunikezwa okungakwazi ukwanda

Abanikazi abakhulu benza okuthile okuthengiswayo okungajwayelekile. Bathenge bese behlala. Izinhlamvu zemali ezihamba eshidini lebhalansi yebhizinisi noma esikhwameni sesikhathi eside ngokuvamile azikhishelwa ngaphandle nangaphakathi emakethe nyanga zonke. Zigcinwa, ngokuvamile iminyaka, endaweni elinganiselwe emashumini eminyaka. Lokho kuhoxisa ukunikezwa echibini elitholakala kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi kwenza lokho ngokuthula.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2025 izinkampani ezisohlwini phakathi kwazo zazibambe izinhlamvu zemali ezingaba ngu-914,000, cishe u-4.4% wayo yonke into eyoke ibe khona, futhi ukuqoqwa kwezinkampani kwase kuphindeke kabili esikhathini esingangonyaka owodwa. Engeza izimali ezihlezi phezu kwalokho. Abanakekeli benkampani yangaphandle manje sebevikelekile emalini ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye kulo lonke ibhizinisi, uhulumeni, isikhwama kanye nempahla egoqwe, ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yesamba esitholakalayo, esikutshela ukuthi ingakanani i-Bitcoin engene buthule endaweni yokugcina esezingeni lesikhungo.

Kunomphumela wesibili onesisindo esilingana nesokuqala. Isabelo esisodwa esibalulekile sinikeza isivikelo kokulandelayo. Ibhodi lempesheni elibuka ontanga ethatha indawo encane lithola ingxoxo yangaphakathi ilula, futhi inkampani esohlwini ebona oqhudelana naye edalula ukuthi ubani ophethe i-oda eyakhe isifundo phakathi nekota. Akekho ofuna ukuba phambili. Cishe wonke umuntu uzimisele ukuba ngowesibili. Ukutholwa kwalolu hlobo akuvamile ukufika kukodwa. Ifika ngamagagasi, ngalinye lehlisa izindleko ezidumayo zamagagasi angemuva kwawo.

Imali eyongayo kakhulu isiqala ukunyakaza

Uma izinkampani bekungabathengi bokuqala bezikhungo, abahlinzeki ngemuva kwazo yibona okufanele babhekwe, ngoba imisebenzi yabo ihamba kancane ngokuklama. Uma indikimba ephendula abathathe umhlalaphansi noma kumnikazi wobukhosi ifaka ngisho umugqa omncane empahleni entsha, ngokuvamile iye yasinda enqubweni yokugunyaza isikhathi eside kunalokho obekungabekezelelwa yinoma iyiphi i-hedge fund.

Izinombolo zokuqala zinesizotha futhi yilokho iphuzu. Kukhona kakade enyakatho yezigidi ezingu-480 zamadola aseMelika emali yempesheni yaseMelika etshalwe endaweni ye-Bitcoin noma amathuluzi ahlobene, futhi isikhwama somcebo esizimele eGulf savula isikhundla ngama-ETF ngasekupheleni kuka-2024. Setha ngokumelene nobukhulu balawo makhasi ebhalansi, imigqa ihlanganisa amaphutha. Lokhu akuwona ukubheja okuchaza iphothifoliyo. Ziyizinzwane. Kodwa kusukela kulolu hlobo lwemali yindlela isigaba esihlonishwa ngayo, ngoba ikomidi elilandelayo akusadingeki kube ngelokuqala ekamelweni ukuthi yebo.

Imali yomhlalaphansi yaseNingizimu Afrika ingaphansi koMthethonqubo 28, olawula ukuthi yiziphi izimali zempesheni ezingase zibambe futhi awukho umzila ohlanzekile wezimpahla eziqondile ze-crypto okwamanje. Yingakho nje imoto esohlwini izuza indawo yayo lapha, njengoba isikhwama esivunyelwe ukuba namasheya avamile singafinyelela ukuchayeka kwe-Bitcoin ngokusebenzisa i-equity wrapper kuyilapho umnyango oqondile uhlala uvaliwe. Lo mshini awuphelele futhi unezindleko zawo, kodwa yindlela imali egunyazwe ukuthi ifike kuqala ngayo noma kuphi.

Umbuzo wokugcinwa kwawo uthi umsebenzi wangempela uhlezi kuphi

Uma isikhungo siphendula ukuthi siyibambe i-Bitcoin, ingena ngqo embuzweni onzima wokuthi kanjani. Lena ingxenye ehlukanisa i-allocator ebucayi esihlokweni. Ukubamba i-Bitcoin ngendlela efanele kusho izilawuli zangaphakathi, izinqubo zokusayina, ukutakula kwenhlekelele, ukuhlela ukulandelana kanye nokwehlukaniswa okuhlanzekile kwemisebenzi, iziyalo ezifanayo noma yimuphi umnakekeli wenani obelokhu ewudinga.

Ingqalasizinda isikhule yahlangabezana naleso sidingo. Ngemva kokuwa kwe-FTX imboni yamukela ubufakazi bokuthi izigodi zokufakazelwa njengezinga elisebenzayo, futhi ngo-2025 ngaphezu kwengxenye yohlamvu lwemali ephethwe ukushintshaniswa kwahlala ngaphansi kohlobo oluthile lwalo, ukujika okubukhali kusukela lapho izinto zazimi khona ngo-2022. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2026 i-World Bank Rulebook ibeka i-Crudential futhi idalula uhlaka lwemvume ye-crypto esungulwe njengebhange lokubuyisela kabusha ibhange. ukunikeza ilungelo lokugcina ngaphandle kokusungula imithetho lapho behamba.

I-Bitcoin ingakwazi ukuzibamba, ibanjwe ngokubambisana noma ibekwe nomnakekeli oqeqeshiwe, futhi impendulo efanele incike kugunya, ubukhulu bendawo ebekiwe nokuthi ubani okufanele azizwe evikelekile. Mayelana nokubamba izinto ezibucayi ngikhetha ilungiselelo lapho umnikazi egcina ukulawula okhiye kunokuba abanikeze isisonga. Yilokho iVault yakhelwe, ukusethwa kwe-multisig lapho iklayenti liphethe okhiye behadiwe ababili futhi ngibambe ukhiye wokutakula kuphela, ukuze kungabikho idivayisi eyodwa futhi akekho nomkhiqizi oyedwa ongalahlekelwa isikhundla sakho.

INingizimu Afrika inamandla amaningi kunalokho abantu abaningi abakuqaphelayo

Akekho umuntu ePitoli obhala inqubomgomo ye-Bitcoin reserve. Lokho leli zwe elinakho, okuyivelakancane kunalokho elizwakalayo, ukucaciswa kokulawula: i-FSCA yamemezela imikhiqizo ye-crypto assets ngaphansi koMthetho we-FAIS ngo-Okthoba 2022, ukuze isikhungo saseNingizimu Afrika sisebenze ngaphakathi kohlaka olunelayisensi kunokulinda abameli ukuthi baqedele ukuphikisana ngezincazelo.

Amashidi ebhalansi ayimfihlo yilapho indaba yangempela ihlala khona. Izinkampani zaseNingizimu Afrika zibambe cishe amathriliyoni amabili emali egcinelwe ukheshi, iningi lazo lihola imali encane kunaleyo elahlekelwa irandi ngokwemibandela yangempela lisalindile. Akukhona konke lokho okungokukaBitcoin, futhi noma ngubani okutshela ngenye indlela uthengisa okuthile. Amabhizinisi adinga imali yokusebenza, ama-buffers, imali yokukhokha kanye nentela kanye nabaphakeli. Kodwa uma ngisho nocezu oluphansi lwedijithi eyodwa lwalezo zimali ezigciniwe luthuthela empahleni eyivelakancane phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, umthelela ekucabangeni kweshidi lebhalansi kungaba okwangempela, futhi imali yempesheni nesabelomali ehlezi ngemuva kwalezo zinkampani ayikaqali ukubukeka. Manje kukhona isibonelo sasendaweni esohlwini, engifake kuso Inkampani yokuqala yase-Afrika esohlwini lwe-JSE ye-Bitcoin, futhi ishintsha ingxoxo isuke kokuthile iye kokuthile umqondisi angakhomba kuyo.

Imali engenzi lutho izizwa iphephile. Esikhathini eside esanele sokubamba kubiza buthule.

Ukubuka okude, nalokho engizokwenza empeleni

Impahla yemali yomhlinzeki ongaguquki ayidingi ukuthi wonke umuntu abe umnikazi wayo ukuze inyukele phezulu. Idinga inani elikhula kancane labanikezeli abanamandla abafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo: ukuthi ukungayibambi ingozi enkulu kunokuba ubambe okunye. Iningi labaphathi bengcebo emhlabeni abasaphethe lutho. Amagunya empesheni ayivumelayo ayaqala ukubhalwa. Ijika liqhubeka kahle futhi akukho lapho selizoqedwa khona.

Eyami indawo, njengoba uzobe usuyiqagelile manje, ukuthi ngingamane ngibe umnikazi wempahla kunokuba ngifake isimangalo kuyo. Isikhwama sikunikeza inani futhi sigcina uhlamvu lwemali. Ubunikazi obuqondile bukunikeza into uqobo lwayo, enezakhiwo ezingezona ezizimele ezikwenze kwafaneleka ukuthengwa kwasekuqaleni, futhi akukho neyodwa ingozi yenkampani ebekiwe okufanele iyisuse. Esikhungweni esikala isabelo, ngingaqhuba ucwaningo ngendlela efanayo nebhange elikhulu elisebenzisa igolide lalo: ukuthenga ngaphandle kwedrama, ukubamba ngaphandle kwezinqamuleli futhi ngibhale yonke into ukuze isikhundla sisinde ekucwaningweni kwamabhuku noma ukuguqulwa kobuholi. Uma uhlala ebhodini eliphendula lokhu, noma umane ufuna izinombolo zihanjwe ngokuphikisana nomsebenzi wakho, ungakwazi bhukha ingxoxo yengcebo ye-Bitcoin futhi sizokwenza lokho kanye, kanye, ngasese.