I-Multi-Signature Bitcoin Custody: Isebenza Kanjani Futhi Kungani Ibalulekile

Isihluthulelo esisodwa yinto eyodwa engahamba kabi. Ukugcinwa kwamasignesha amaningi kuthatha lelo phuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka futhi kusakazwe kokhiye abambalwa abahlukaniswe ngokwehlukana, ngakho-ke akukho divayisi elahlekile, akukho ukweba futhi akekho umuntu onesidingo ongahambisa i-Bitcoin yakho yedwa. Ekusetheni okungu-2-of-3 okhiye ababili kwabathathu kufanele basayine ngaphambi kokuthi i-satoshi inyakaze. Nansi indlela umqondo we-m-of-n osebenza ngayo ngempela nokuthi kungani kuyisakhiwo engifinyelela kuso uma ukubamba kufanele kuvikelwe.

Okusho ukuthi m-of-n empeleni

I-Multisig imfushane yokusho amasignesha amaningi, futhi umqondo ongaphansi kwayo mdala. Isheke elidinga amasignesha abaqondisi ababili i-multisig. Isisefo esinokhiye ababili esiphethwe abantu ababili i-multisig. I-Bitcoin imane yenza into efanayo kusofthiwe, ngokomdabu, ngaphandle kwebhange phakathi.

Isifinyezo sithi m-of-n. Udala okhiye abangu-n sebebonke futhi udinga ukuthi u-m wabo asayine ngaphambi kokuthi noma iyiphi i-Bitcoin inyakaze. I-wallet engu-2-of-3 inokhiye abathathu futhi idinga noma yibaphi ababili. I-3-of-5 inokhiye abahlanu futhi idinga noma yibaphi abathathu. Izinombolo ziwukudayela okushintshayo phakathi kwezingozi ezimbili eziqhudelanayo: zimbalwa kakhulu ezidingekayo futhi isela lidinga okuncane ukuze lintshontshe, kudingeka eziningi kakhulu futhi maningi amathuba okuthi uzivalele ngaphandle. Cishe kubo bonke abanikazi abazimele kanye nezikhungo eziningi engisebenza nazo, 2-of-3 uhlala phakathi nendawo enengqondo yalokho kudayela. Ikunikeza ukhiye oyisipele ngaphandle kokuguqula konke okwenziwayo kube umhlangano wekomiti.

Ukhiye owodwa ngokwawo awunawo amandla kulokhu kusetha. Yilokho iphuzu lonke.

Qhathanisa nesikhwama semali yesiginesha eyodwa, okuwukhiye owodwa onemajini enguziro wephutha. Lahla imbewu futhi izinhlamvu zemali zihambile unomphela. Ayithole isela bahambe ntambama. Ngihamba ngokwenza ukugcinwa kokhiye owodwa ngendlela efanele kumhlahlandlela wami wokuya Ukuzimela kwe-Bitcoin eNingizimu Afrika, futhi ezimpahleni ezincane isikhwama se-hardware esimiswe kahle siwukuphepha okuthembekile. I-Multisig yilokho ophothula kukho lapho ukhiye owodwa uqala ukuzwa njengesisindo esiningi kuchungechunge olulodwa.

Izindlela ezine ukhiye owodwa uyafa

Kuyasiza ukucacisa ukuthi yini engahambi kahle, ngoba i-multisig ayiwona umshwalense ongabonakali. Iphendula ukwehluleka okune okuphathekayo, futhi ngike ngabuka konke okune kwenzeka kubantu phakathi neminyaka kusukela ngo-2016.

Ukhiye ungalahleka. Umlilo ocwaningweni, izikhukhula eGeorge ngemuva kobusika obumanzi, i-hard drive enikezelayo ngaphandle kokusekela, ipuleti lembewu elashabalala lapho kuthuthwa indlu. Ukhiye ungantshontshwa, ngokoqobo endaweni ephephile noma ngokwedijithali kukhompuyutha ephathekayo ephethe uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha buthule. Isihluthulelo singathathwa ngamandla, okuwukwehluleka abantu abangathandi ukucabanga ngakho: umuntu owaziyo ukuthi ubambe i-Bitcoin efika esangweni lakho futhi enze isicelo mathupha. Futhi ukhiye ungamane uphile umnikazi wawo, ushiye izindlalifa ezaziyo ukuthi i-Bitcoin ikhona kodwa ingenayo indlela yokungena. Yonke lezo ziphetha ngokulahlekelwa unomphela ngokhiye owodwa. I-Multisig iphula iketango kuzo zozine, ngoba akukho mcimbi owodwa futhi ayikho indawo ebambe ngokwanele ukuhambisa izinhlamvu zemali.

Icala lokuphoqwa yilona okufanele lihlale nalo, ngoba abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bazi kangcono kunabaningi. Ukhiye owodwa inkinga yesibhamu kuye-ekhanda: noma yini oyiphethe, ungenziwa ukuthi uyinikele khona lapho. Okungu-2-ka-3 onokhiye ohlukene ngokwendawo ophethwe umnakekeli ushintsha isibalo ngokuphelele. Ngeke ukwazi ukuqedela ukudlulisa uwedwa ngaphansi kokucindezelwa, futhi ilungiselelo elibucayi lokugcinwa kwengane yakhela esinyathelweni sokuqinisekisa ukuze kukhishwe isiginesha eyenziwe ngaphansi kosongo. Ongeke ukwazi ukukukhiqiza ngokufunwa, akekho ongakuthatha kuwe esangweni lakho.

Isakhiwo esingu-2-of-3 sisebenza kanjani ekusebenzeni

Kukhiqizwa okhiye abathathu, ngamunye ngomshini waso, ngamunye ubhalwe phansi futhi ugxivizwe kahle epuletini lensimbi kunokuba lishiywe ephepheni elishisayo. Izihluthulelo azihlanganiswa. Zakhiwe ngokwehlukana futhi zihlala ngokwehlukana, futhi noma yiziphi ezimbili zazo zingagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngenkathi enye yazo ingasebenzi.

Uhlelo oluvamile lokusebenzisana lomnikazi waseNingizimu Afrika luhlukanisa ukulawula okufana nalokhu. Ubambe okhiye ababili kwabathathu kumishini yehadiwe, ukuze ugcine ukulawula kwangempela okuhlangene futhi ungakwazi ukuhambisa i-Bitcoin yakho ngaphandle kokucela imvume yomuntu. Umnakekeli olawulwayo uphethe ukhiye wesithathu njenge-ejenti yokutakula kanye nefa. Ngenxa yokuthi amasiginesha amabili ahlala edingeka futhi umnakekeli uba neyodwa kuphela, lowo mgcini akakwazi ukuhambisa i-Bitcoin yakho. Lona umehluko phakathi kokugcinwa ngokubambisana kanye nokunikeza amakhoyini akho enkampanini: uthola i-backstop ngaphandle kokunikezela ngokulawula. Kungumehluko engiwuveza ngokugcwele ukuzibophezela ngokumelene nelungelo lokushintshisana.

Manje landelela ukuhlaselwa kwaleso sakhiwo. Ukuze lintshontshe i-Bitcoin isela kufanele lenze ebucayini okhiye ababili ngesikhathi esisodwa, idivayisi yakho yehadiwe kanye nokhiye wokutakula womgcini, isibonelo, okuyithagethi enzima kakhulu kunokunqamula oyedwa. Ukuze ulahlekelwe ukufinyelela ngengozi kuzodingeka ukuthi ulahlekelwe okhiye ababili kanye nenkumbulo yokuthi uzithola kanjani. Ukuyithatha ngempoqo, othile kuzofanele aphoqelele ababambeli ababili abahlukene ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Yonke indlela eqeda isikhwama semali esinokhiye owodwa iba yinde ngendlela enengqondo, futhi eminingana ingasebenzi.

Ukulahlekelwa ukhiye owodwa kuyeka ukuba yinhlekelele futhi kuba umsebenzi. Usabambe ipheya elawulayo, noma wena kanye nomgcini ndawonye nisula umkhawulo, ngakho izimali zithuthela endaweni engaphansi entsha enokhiye abasha kuyilapho kungavezwa lutho. Uyiphatha ngokukhululeka kunokuba uthuke, okuwumehluko ongokomzwelo wonke umklamo owuthengayo.

Ukukhetha isilinganiso

Abantu bayabuza ukuthi kungani u-2-of-3 hhayi into enokhiye abaningi. Impendulo eqotho ukuthi isilinganiso siwukwahlulela ngempilo yakho, hhayi indawo yonke. I-2-of-3 ibekezelela ukulahlekelwa yinoma yimuphi ukhiye oyedwa futhi idinga ukuthotshiswa okubili ukuze kwebiwe. Phusha uye ku-3-of-5 futhi uthola ukumelana nokweba okuthe xaxa kanye nezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo: izindawo ezinhlanu okufanele zigcinwe, izipele ezinhlanu ezingehlisa isithunzi, izinto ezinhlanu okufanele uzichaze kumafa. Abanikazi abaningi abazimele kanye nezikhungo eziningi engisebenza nazo zihlinzekwa kangcono ngokhiye abambalwa abagcinwe ngokuziphatha kwangempela kunokhiye abaningi abaphathwa ngobudlabha.

Okhiye abengeziwe abakona ukuphepha okwengeziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Imodi yokwehluleka engiyibonayo iwukuthi abantu bafinyelela ku-m-of-n eningiliziwe bese, ngenxa yokuthi kuyinkinga, ukugcina izipele ezimbili kusisefo esifanayo. Lokho kuhlehlisa yonke into. Okungu-2-ka-3 okuhlanzekile nokhiye abahlukaniswe ngempela kudlula oku-3-of-5 okuhlaba umxhwele okugoqeka buthule endaweni eyodwa. Ukuvikeleka ozokugcina unakho ukuphela kokuphepha okubalulekile.

Kungani i-geography iwukuphepha, hhayi ubuhle

I-Multisig isebenza kuphela uma okhiye behlala ngokwehlukana. Umzuzu lapho zonke izipele zembewu ezintathu zigcina ekhabetheni elilodwa, isakhiwo sidilika sibuyele endaweni eyodwa yokwehluleka ukugqoka imvunulo. Ngakho isiyalo sesitoreji asikona ukucolisiswa ongakukhetha. Yisibambiso ngokwaso.

Umthetho osetshenziselwe ukugcinwa kwesikhungo iminyaka awubuthuntu: ungalokothi ugcine noma yiziphi izipele zembewu ezimbili ndawonye. Ukhiye ngamunye ukhiqizwa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, uvaliwe emoyeni kunoma yimuphi umshini oxhumeke ku-inthanethi, kulokho abaphathi abakhulu abakwenza ngokusemthethweni njengomcimbi obalulekile nofakazi kanye nohlu lokuhlola. Imbewu ngayinye ingena ensimbini ehlala isikhathi eside kunephepha. Bese izipele zihlakazeka ezindaweni ezihlukene, ezivikelekile nezihlukene ngokwendawo, ukuze ukugqekeza okukodwa, umlilo owodwa noma isikhukhula esisodwa singalokothi sifinyelele isibalo. Ukhiye owodwa wasekhaya eKapa, omunye osesefeni yehhovisi e-Sandton, ukhiye wokutakula nonondweba yisimo engisimise izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Kunesizathu esiqondile saseNingizimu Afrika sokugcina okhiye abaningi bendawo. Uma ubambe okhiye abaningi ngaphakathi ezweni, i-Bitcoin ithathwa njengempahla ehlala endaweni esikhundleni se-offshore. Enkampanini noma enkampanini eye yaba wusizo ngempela, ngoba okwamanje ingenye yezindlela ezihlanzekile zokuba umnikazi we-Bitcoin uzivikele wena ngaphandle kokucela imvume ku-Reserve Bank imvume yokuyisa ingcebo iye ogwini. UDomicile ulandela okhiye, nezikhiye zihlala lapha.

Cishe wonke umuntu osetha i-multisig eyedwa ukhohlwa ucezu olulodwa futhi lubhidlize buthule. Eceleni kwamagama embewu udinga ifayela lokumisa isikhwama, isichazisi sitshela isofthiwe yokutakula ukuthi yiziphi izihluthulelo ezakha isikhwama semali. Lahla lelo fayela futhi isethi ephelele yemisho yembewu isakushiya uvaleleke ngaphandle. Ukusetha okuphethwe kubamba leso sichazi ngokuphephile eduze kokhiye wokutakula, ngakho imephu nesiginesha kukhona kokubili ngosuku ozidinga ngalo.

Ifa liyayeka ukuba umdlalo wokuqagela

I-Bitcoin inenkinga yefa ebhaliwe, futhi i-multisig yokuzenzela ingenza kube kubi kakhulu kunokuba kube ngcono. Umabi wefa obhekene nezikhwama zehadiwe ezifihliwe, imishwana yembewu eminingana, izindlela zokutholwa kanye nefayela lokumisa elingekho kungabhubhisa yona kanye i-Bitcoin abazama ukuyihlenga.

I-multisig ehlanganyelwe ivala lelo gebe ngamabomu. Ngenxa yokuthi umgcini usevele ebambe ukhiye owodwa, ifayela lokumisa isikhwama semali nolwazi lobuchwepheshe, umuntu ovala ifa lakho akumele aqonde i-Bitcoin nhlobo. Babuyisa omunye wemisho yakho yembewu egcinwe ngokuvikelekile, bawethule kumphathi, kanye nezimpawu ezihambisanayo zokhiye zomgcini ukuze bafinyelele umkhawulo ongu-2-of-3 futhi bakhulule izinhlamvu zemali kubazuzi bakho. Alikho igama lembewu okumele libhalwe encwadini yefa, okuyinhlanhla, ngoba incwadi yefa iba incwadi yomphakathi ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwefa. Ngibeke ukuthi yini ngempela abafayo ababhekana nayo kwenzekani ngeBitcoin yakho uma ushona eNingizimu Afrika.

Kungani izikhungo kanye nama-trust ahlala ku-multisig

Amahhovisi omndeni, ama-trustee kanye namabhodi ezinkampani asebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho yokubusa ukhiye owodwa ongeke uyenelise. Emidala kunayo yonke yaleyo mithetho iwukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi: akekho umuntu okufanele abambe amandla ahlangene phezu kwezimpahla ezibucayi. Izimali zendabuko zikusebenzisa ngokugunyazwa okukabili, izinqubo zokuhlola umenzi kanye neziyalezo ezisayinwe ngokubambisana kuma-akhawunti asebhange.

I-Multisig iletha ngqo lokho kulawula ngokomdabu, nge-cryptography kunenqubomgomo. Akekho umphathiswa, umqondisi noma ilungu lekomidi lokutshalwa kwezimali elingahambisa umgcinimafa lilodwa, ngoba yonke imali esetshenzisiwe idinga amasignesha amabili azimele. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi lawo masiginesha aqoshwa ku-Bitcoin Uchungechunge lwamabhulokhi ngokwayo kunokuba afihlwe kulogi yangasese, ilungiselelo lishiya umkhondo wokuhlola osobala, oqinisekiswayo. Umcwaningi mabhuku anganikezwa ukufinyelela kokubuka kuphela, aqinisekise ukuthi isikhwama semali sidinga amasiginesha amabili kwamathathu futhi ahlole ibhalansi ngesikhathi sangempela, ngaphandle kokuthola amandla okusayina. Lokho kukhanya kwe-on-Iketanga yingakho nje amabhizinisi alawulwayo ethanda ukukhetha i-multisig yeskripthi kunezixazululo ezikhiqiza amasiginesha ngaphandle kochungechunge futhi angashiyi irekhodi lomphakathi lokuthi ubani okugunyaze lokho. Iguqula inqubomgomo yenhlangano ibe isiqiniseko sezibalo.

Ukukhethwa okufanayo kuka-2-of-3 phezu kokuthile okusindayo njengo-3-of-5 kwenziwa ngamabomu. Inikeza izikhungo ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuphinda kuncishiswe isidingo segunya lazo kuyilapho igcina ukuthengiselana kuyasebenza kunokuba kuvaliwe. Inguqulo ephethwe yi-SimplB yakho konke lokhu i I-SimplB Vault, i-2-of-3 eyakhelwe kumadivayisi amathathu avela kubakhiqizi abathathu abahlukene, lapho ubamba khona okhiye ababili futhi ngibambe oyedwa ukuze uthole kuphela. Leso sihloko sihlanganisa umkhiqizo ngokuningiliziwe. Lena imayelana nesimiso esingaphansi kwayo.