Umdyarho woBuchule weBitcoin: Apho ume khona ngo-2025
Umdyarho weBitcoin eyongamileyo sele uqhutywa, kwaye uninzi lwentsimi lungene ngengozi. IUnited States, i-El Salvador neBhutan zihleli ngaphambili, nganye kuzo ifike ngendlela eyahlukileyo. UMzantsi Afrika awukho kugqatso kwaye ubhengeze ukuba awunanjongo zokuwungenela. Eso sikhewu sisizathu sokuba ndigcine ikhadi lamanqaku elibalekayo, kuba umzekelo obekwe phesheya uyatshintsha incoko endinayo nabathengi apha.
Ukuthathwa okungundoqo
Ngo-Matshi ka-2025 umyalelo wesigqeba waseMelika wenza ngokusesikweni iSicwangciso seBitcoin Reserve, esenziwa njengenkunzi malunga ne-198,000 yeengqekembe urhulumente wase-US wayesele ehluthe ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye noluntu. Lo myalelo wachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba iUnited States ayiyi kuthengisa ezo ngqekembe. I-El Salvador ibambe malunga ne-6,000 ekuthengeni okuzinzile ukususela ngo-2021. I-Bhutan ibambe i-11,700 eqikelelwayo kunye ne-surplus hydropower. I-Pitoli ayinayo loo mgaqo-nkqubo, kodwa indlela yokuhamba ifanele ukuqondwa phambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba wenze ntoni ngemali yakho.
I-United States ibuyele kwisikhundla esikhulu kunazo zonke
Oyena mnini weBitcoin omkhulu ozimeleyo akazange athenge ingqekembe yemali. IWashington yaqokelela isitayile sayo ngendlela isitshixo sobungqina bamapolisa siqokelela imali, ngokubamba, kwaye ikwenzile oko isithuba esingaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka kungekho sicwangciso ngaphandle kwefandesi imali efunyenweyo.
Iimeko zeSilk Road kunye nokubuyiswa kwemali ebotshelelwe kwi-akhawunti ye-Hack ye-Bitfinex ye-2016 uninzi lwayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-2025 ii-arhente zomdibaniso zazihleli malunga neengqekembe ezimalunga ne-198,000, zisasazeke kumasebe ambalwa angazange aphathe ukubanjwa kwayo nantoni na ngaphandle kwepropathi ephakwe emgceni elindele ukulahlwa.
Emva koko ifreyimu yajika. NgoMatshi ka-2025 umyalelo wesigqeba waseka i-Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, wayenza imali ngengqekembe ehluthiweyo waza wayalela ii-arhente zomdibaniso ukuba zivavanye igunya labo lokuhambisa nayiphi na enye iBitcoin abayibambe kwindawo yogcino efanayo. Amagama abaluleke kakhulu yayisesona sivakalisi sicacileyo kuxwebhu: iUnited States ayisayi kuthengisa iBitcoin efakwe kwiStrategic Bitcoin Reserve. Yaya phambili kwaye yaxelela iSebe lezeMali kunye neRhwebo ukuba lifumane iindlela zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ezingathathi hlangothi zokufumana okungakumbi, okuyindlela echubekileyo yokuthi qokelela ngaphandle kokuchitha imali yomhlawuli werhafu, kunye nephepha lomgaqo-nkqubo waseMelika elinye elincanyathiselwe kuloo mzamo ngokuphandle imifuziselo yoxabiso lweBitcoin njengendlela yokunciphisa umthwalo we-refinancing yeetriliyoni kwityala lombuso ngamaxabiso angcono. Yinto engaqhelekanga leyo ukuba urhulumente ayibhale phantsi. Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo ingcebiso efanayo ngeyayiphathwa njenge-eccentricity ephela eWashington. Ngoku ihleli kumgaqo-nkqubo wendlela oyena mntu unetyala elikhulu kwihlabathi ethatha isigqibo, ngokusesikweni nangokubhaliweyo, ukuba le asethi ifanelekile ukuyigcina kunokuba ifandesi.
Amazwe awazange alinde ukuba isikhundla somdibaniso sizinze. I-Texas kunye ne-Wyoming zafudukela ukukhusela amalungelo emigodi kunye nokugcinwa kunye nokumisa amalungiselelo abo okugcina, kwaye uthotho lwamanye amazwe lufake amatyala afanayo. Umsonto oqhelekileyo sisindululo esilula: isiqwenga semali kawonke-wonke sinokubanjwa ngcono kwiBitcoin kunemali ethe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ityumke ngokuzolileyo kunye nephepha likaNondyebo elihlawula ngaphantsi kweendleko zokhukuliseko.
Leyo yinxenye endingazukuyicacisa. Iqumrhu eliphantsi elizimeleyo elikhetha ukubamba iBitcoin luphawu olunamandla kunorhulumente wesizwe ofumana ingqekembe yelifa engazange likhethe ukuyithenga. I-Texas ayizange ibambe isikhundla sayo. Yaqiqa indlela yayo yokufuna enye, isenzo esahlukileyo nesabom ngakumbi kunokuba sisemthethweni isitshixa sobungqina, kwaye luhlobo lwesigqibo esithande ukukhutshelwa xa intanga enye ehloniphekileyo ithathe umngcipheko wokuhamba kuqala.
I-El Salvador yahamba kuqala kwaye yathatha ukugxekwa kuqala
I-El Salvador yamkele iBitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni ngoSeptemba ka-2021, ilizwe lokuqala ukwenza oko, kwaye ithengwe ngokuthe ngcembe ukusukela ngoko. Ukubamba ngoku kuhlala malunga ne-6,000 yeingqekembe.
Unikezelo lwalunzima. I-wallet ye-Chivo ye-state yakhubeka ngaphandle kwesango kwaye i-International Monetary Fund yachasa ngokuvakalayo nangokuphindaphindiweyo, ikhankanya iinkxalabo zokuzinza kwemali kwi-dollar encinci yezoqoqosho. ISan Salvador yaqhubeka ithenga kuyo yonke loo nto. Nokuba uvavanyo lubalwa njengempumelelo luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekubeni yeyiphi i-metric oyikhethayo, kodwa yenze into engenaphepha elimhlophe: ivelise idatha ephilayo, yeminyaka emininzi eseti malunga nokuba kwenzeka ntoni xa umlawuli ebeka i-Bitcoin kwiphepha lakhe lomncono kwaye ala ukuqhwanyaza. Le seti yedatha yayingekho ngaphambi kowama-2021, kwaye yonke isebe lezemali elinobunzima bombuzo ngoku liyayifunda simahla.
IBhutan yangena ngomnyango ongasemva
IBhutan yakhetha eyona ndlela ithuleyo kuzo zonke. Kunokuba ithenge kwimarike evulekileyo iguqule amandla ombane angaphezulu kwingqekembe, ngengalo yotyalo-mali yelizwe, yakha iBitcoin eqikelelwa kwi-11,700 kubukumkani obungaphantsi kwesigidi sabantu.
Ingqiqo icacile. Amandla ombane afumaneka eNtabeni asebenza ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ahlala ebaleka xa imfuno yasekhaya iphantsi. Ukumbiwa kwemigodi kuguqula amandla athintelweyo abe yi-asethi engamanzi yehlabathi ngaphandle kokuchitha irupeethi koovimba botshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Kwisizwe esincinci esinamandla amaninzi kunye negumbi elincinci lezemali, yindlela yokuqokelela uvimba ongekho ummelwane omkhulu olawulayo, kwaye ikwenza oko nakweyiphi na itshathi yexabiso lemarike evulekileyo.
UMzantsi Afrika kufuneka uyifumanise inqaku lokugqibela elinika umdla, xa kujongwa ubudlelwane bethu nombane. IBhutan yajika amandla entsalela yaba yi-asethi yesizwe. Sichithe eyona nxalenye ingcono yeshumi leminyaka sijike amandla angonelanga kwintlekele yesizwe. Uthelekiso alunabulungisa kwiinkcukacha kwaye andicebisi umgodi wombuso nantoni na, kodwa sisikhumbuzo sokuba indlela ye-energy-to-Bitcoin yindlela yobuchule bokwenyani kumazwe anegalelo elinye esiye sasokola kakhulu ukubonelela ngokuthembekileyo.
Amazwe alishumi elinesibhozo okanye anjalo ngoku abambe iBitcoin ngendlela enye okanye enye. Abanye bayibamba ngabom.
Abaninzi abakwenzi oko. I-United Kingdom ihleli malunga ne-61,000 yeingqekembe ezithinjiweyo kwaye ichithe iminyaka ixoxa malunga nokuba mayenze ntoni na ngemfumba kwigumbi lobungqina, ingxoxo evelise ii-intshi zekholamu ezininzi kakhulu kunomgaqo-nkqubo. Izithuthi zotyalo-mali ezizimeleyo kwiindawo ezifana ne-UAE kunye neNorway zithwala ubhengezo olungathanga ngqo ngeenkampani eziziphetheyo kunokusebenzisa nawuphi na umgaqo-nkqubo weBitcoin owakhe. Ipateni iphinda phantse kuwo wonke umlinganiselo endiwujongayo. Ukuqokelelana okuzolileyo kufika kuqala kwaye imfundiso, ukuba ifikile konke, iza kuqhwala emva kwayo.
Ingxoxo enyanisekileyo kunye nechasa ugcino oluzimeleyo
Ityala elixhasayo lityala legolide, lihlaziywe. Iibhanki ezikumbindi zibambe igolide kangangeenkulungwane ngenxa yesizathu esinye esidlula yonke ifashoni kwithiyori yepotfoliyo: ayiluxanduva lomntu kwaye akukho rhulumente mnye unokuprinta. I-Bitcoin yenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokuphatheka ngcono, ukuqinisekiswa ngoko nangoko kunye nonikezelo olugcinwe kwi-21 yezigidi kwaye akunakuxoxwa ngayo phezulu. Urhulumente oyibambe kumjikelo wokugqibela ngewuyibukele igqitha kuyo yonke enye indlela ebhodini.
Ndiyifumana loo ngxoxo ikholisa. Ndikwacinga ukuba inkcaso iyinyani kwaye kufanelekile ukuyichaza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
I-Bitcoin ihamba nzima ngamaxesha amafutshane, kwaye uvimba oguquguqukayo kwisiseko samanqaku ukuya kwimarike wenza nzima ukuzinza, isigunyaziso solwelo esisembindini sakhiwe ngeenxa zonke. Ukubamba i-asethi engeyiyo eyongamileyo exhomekeke kuthungelwano lwehlabathi yazisa ukuxhomekeka koovimba bemveli abathwaliyo. Kwaye kukho indleko yezopolitiko ukuba kwangethuba into engenanto yakwenza nexabiso: umphathiswa wezemali owabayo aze abone ukuthotywa kwesigqibo eso ngendlela yokuba ukubamba iphepha likaNondyebo elikruqulayo lingaze liveze. Akukho nanye kuloo nto ibulalayo kweli tyala, kodwa ukwenza ngathi ikude yindlela abantu abathetha ngayo kwizikhundla abangenakuzibamba kunyaka ombi. Ndenza inguqulelo epheleleyo yale ngxabano, ukulinganisa kunye nazo zonke, ngaphakathi ityala logcino lweqhinga.
Ithiyori yomdlalo isangqiyame ngendlela enye, nangona kunjalo. Ubonelelo lulungisiwe, ngoko ke ukuthenga kwangoko kunexabiso eliphantsi ngokwezibalo kunokuba ufumane emva kwexesha, kwaye abahambisi bokuqala nabo bafumana ukubhala ugcino kunye nemigangatho yogcino-zincwadi ekuya kuthi wonke umntu oyilandelayo ayifumane njengelifa. Leyo yimeko engathandekiyo yokuba umntu ohamba emva kwexesha abekho.
Kukho umlinganiso okhuselayo kuyo ngokunjalo, lowo ufumana ingqalelo encinci kunebali lokuxabisa. Ngo-2022 iUkraine yaxhasa ngemali inxalenye yokhuselo lwelizwe ngokuthumela idilesi yeBitcoin kwaye yabukela amashumi ezigidi zeedola efika ngeentsuku, evela kubaxhasi kumazwe aliqela, kungekho bhanki embindini ekwaziyo ukuyimisa okanye ukuyicothisa. Nokuba yeyiphi enye into eye yalungiswa, iphendule umbuzo wokuba ingaba i-asethi isebenza phantsi koxinzelelo lokwenyani. A reserve ungakwazi ukuya ngaphaya komda kwinkumbulo yakho, ukuba akukho bhanki ebhalelana unako ukubamba, luhlobo olwahlukileyo inshorensi ukuba igolide evault okanye iidola kwi-akhawunti omnye umntu angenza isohlwayo.
Apho uMzantsi Afrika umi khona
Akukho mntu ePitoli ubhala i-reserve bill. Ukuma kwe-Reserve Bank kukubukela uphuhliso lwe-asethi ye-crypto kwaye uhlale ulumkile, kwaye amandla olawulo lwelizwe aye kubanikezeli beenkonzo zelayisensi kunokuba afumane i-asethi. I-Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) yachaza asethi ye-crypto njengemveliso yezemali phantsi koMthetho weeNgcebiso zezeMali kunye noMthetho weeNkonzo zoMphakathi (FAIS) ngo-Oktobha 2022, oye watsala ukutshintshiselana, abarhwebi kunye neengcebiso kwisakhelo esisemthethweni. Lowo ngumbuzo owahlukileyo kuqokelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ngulowo uMzantsi Afrika ukhethe ukuwuphendula kuqala.
Ndicinga ukuba loo myalelo uchanekile, nokuba oko kuthetha ukuba akukho namnye.
Ummiselo phambi kolwabiwo lulandelelwano olufanelekileyo, kwaye ushiya ummi waseMzantsi Afrika kwindawo elungileyo ngokungaqhelekanga. Unokwakha i-Bitcoin reserve namhlanje, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esinelayisensi, apho umtyali-mali waseMelika akakwazanga ukubanga ngokunyanisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba i-ETF ifike ngo-2024. Uhlanga oluzimeleyo lulinganisa apha ngaphantsi njengomgaqo-nkqubo nangaphezulu njengomqondiso: wonke urhulumente owongezelelweyo ophethe i-Bitcoin wenza kube nzima ukuba olandelayo atshangise i-asethi njenge-fringe, kwaye abalawuli basekhaya bavame ukuphinda baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde babuyele. Ndilandele ukuba utshintsho lweziko lubuyela njani kwi-balance sheets yabucala ukwamkelwa kweziko Bitcoin, kwaye imbonakalo yobulali yayo sele idwelisiwe, nge Inkampani yokuqala yaseAfrika edweliswe nguJSE yeBitcoin ukunika inkunzi egunyazisiweyo umnyango owawungekho kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo ezidlulileyo.
Kumntu, akukho nanye kwezi efuna ikomiti. Isizathu sokulinganisa i-Bitcoin asikho ukuba iWashington ngoku iyibambe; kukuba irandi iqhubela phambili isenza into eyenziwa yimali engafakwanga. Ndaphinda ndaodola kwaloo bhaskithi yegrosari ePlettenberg Bay isithuba esingaphezu konyaka xa iqelelene ndayibona inyuka ukusuka malunga ne-R1,000 ukuya kwi-R1,400 kungekho saziso siqhotyoshelweyo. Ikhadi lamanqaku elizimeleyo liluncedo kwimeko. Eyakho ingobozi yeyona mpikiswano, kwaye yeyona ifanele ukushukuma.
Ukulinda umqondiso osemthethweni waseMzantsi Afrika ikwalicebo. Yinto eyaziwayo kwaye inenzuzo yokungaze ubonakale usisidenge ngexesha elifutshane. Yeyona ibizayo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngaba urhulumente waseMelika ungumnikazi weBitcoin?
Ewe. Iqokelele malunga neengqekembe ze-198,000 ngokuhluthwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kunye noluntu, ngokukodwa amatyala eSilk Road kunye nokubuyiselwa okubophelelwe kwi-2016 Bitfinex hack. Ngo-Matshi ka-2025 umyalelo wesigqeba waseka i-Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, wayifaka imali kwingqekembe ethinjiweyo kwaye wathi iUnited States ayiyi kuthengisa i-Bitcoin egcinwe kwindawo yokugcina. Umyalelo ofanayo wayalela iSebe lezeMali kunye neRhwebo ukuba lifumane iindlela ezingathathi hlangothi zokufumana ngaphezulu.
Ngaba uvavanyo lwethenda yethenda yase-El Salvador yase-El Salvador iphumelele?
Kuxhomekeke kwimetric. I-El Salvador ibambe malunga neengqekembe ze-6,000 kwaye ithenge ngokuthe chu ukususela ekuthatheni i-Bitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni ngo-2021. I-IMF yachasa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ilizwe kamva lamodareyitha ezinye zeemfuno zethenda ezisemthethweni njengenxalenye yesivumelwano senkxaso-mali. Into engaphikiswayo kukuba ivelise idata yokuqala ephilayo, yeminyaka emininzi ebekwe kwi-Bitcoin ebambeleyo, apho yonke inkonzo yezemali enobunzima bombuzo ngoku ifundwayo.
Ngaba uMzantsi Afrika ungaze uyibambe iBitcoin njenge-asethi yogcino?
Akukho siphakamiso sangoku. Inkqubo-sikhokelo ye-Reserve Bank igxile kwimali yamazwe angaphandle negolide, kwaye iinzame zolawulo loMzantsi Afrika ziye zangena ekunikezeni iimpepha-mvume ababoneleli ngeenkonzo endaweni yokufumana loo mpahla. Ukutshintsha ukubandakanya iBitcoin kuya kufuna utshintsho olukhulu lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nomthetho onokwenzeka. Ingcinga yam yokusebenza yeyokuba amaphepha ebhalansi abucala apha aya kuhamba ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba igosa lenze, kunye nabalawuli abanobunzima bokufunda. I-Bitcoin njenge-asethi ye-treasury yenkampani.
Ngaba ukuthathwa komntwana ngokusemthethweni kuyalichaphazela ixabiso leBitcoin?
Ukuqokelela kunciphisa ingqekembe ekhoyo kwiimarike ezivulekileyo, ezithande ukuxhasa ixabiso ukuba imfuno ibambe. Isiphumo esikhulu mhlawumbi asithanga ngqo: xa oorhulumente bebambe iBitcoin kuba nzima kakhulu kwabanye oorhulumente ukuba bayivale okanye bayithintele, nto leyo eyandisa imarike enokulungiseka. Zombini iziphumo zilandela kubonelelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nemfuno kunaso nasiphi na isithembiso malunga nekamva.
Yakha eyakho indawo yogcino phambi kokuba iikomiti zenze
I-SimplB inceda abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bathenge, bakhusele kwaye bamise i-Bitcoin ngokuthobelayo, njengoMmeli woBugqwetha we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).
Bhukha umnxeba wokufunyanwa