IBitcoin's Future Adoption kunye neStrategic Reserve Case

Iprothokholi kaSatoshi ayizange ihambe ukususela ngoJanuwari 2009. Ejikelezileyo, phantse yonke into ine: imarike eyachukumisa i-$ 2.5 yezigidigidi ngo-2025, i-ETF yebala ifunxa ingqekembe ngaphezu kokuveliswa kwabasebenzi basezimayini kunye noorhulumente bebhala i-Bitcoin kumgaqo-nkqubo wokugcinwa osemthethweni. Ndabhala incwadi malunga naloo ndibaniselwano. Olu luguqulelo olufutshane, olulungiselelwe abemi boMzantsi Afrika ukuba benze isigqibo malunga nokuba ithetha ukuthini kubo.

Kutheni ukwala kweBitcoin ukuguqula kuyo yonke into

I-Saifedean Ammous yakha uMgangatho weBitcoin malunga ne-paradox eyenza umsebenzi onzima kuyo yonke incoko yeBitcoin. I-asethi itshintshe ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na kwimbali yezemali. Ixabiso, ukungabikho kwemali, ukufikelela, konke kuguqulwe ngaphaya kokuqondwa. Iprothokholi engezantsi ayitshintshi nto.

Ikepusi isengama-21 ezigidi zemali. Isiqingatha sisafika rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine kanye ngokwekhowudi. Ubungqina bomsebenzi zisahleli kwileja.

Zonke iinzame zokujika loo mithetho aziphumelelanga. Imfazwe yobungakanani bebhloko ye-2017 yayiyeyona nto isondeleyo i-Bitcoin iye yafumana ingxaki yomgaqo-siseko, kunye nabasebenzi basezimayini abakhulu kunye namashishini anzima atyhala utshintsho abaninzi abasebenzisi ababengafuni. Abasebenzisi baphumelele. Ukusukela ngoko imarike iye yaphatha inkani yeprothokholi njengophawu oluza kuxatyiswa kunokuba kube nesiphene ekufuneka silungiswe. Ndiyibeka ngolu hlobo kwi-The Strategic Reserve: I-Bitcoin yinkqubo yemali enemithetho kodwa akukho balawuli.

Ngoku jonga kwelinye icala leleja. Imali yase-US ikhule ngaphezu kwe-40% phakathi kuka-2020 kunye no-2023. IBhanki yaseNgilani kunye ne-ECB baqhube iinguqulelo zabo zenkqubo efanayo. Imbali ende ye-fiat ayicacanga malunga nokuba ikhokelela phi: nawuphi na umgaqo wemali onokutshintshwa ekugqibeleni utshintshiwe, phantse usoloko uzuza umniki ngeendleko zomnini.

I-Bitcoin isuse ukhetho. Oko kususwa yimveliso.

Kukude kangakanani ukwamkelwa kweBitcoin?

Impendulo enyanisekileyo ihlala kude kunokuba abantu abathandabuzayo bacinge kwaye kwangaphambi kokuba i-maximalists ibange.

Ihinge yayinguJanuwari 2024, xa i-US ivuma indawo yeBitcoin ETFs. Iqela lophando likaFidelity libale malunga ne-1.3 yezigidi zemali ngaphakathi kwezo zithuthi ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2026, malunga ne-6.4% yayo yonke into ejikelezayo. Eyona ngxowa-mali inkulu iqokelele i-75 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngaphantsi kweminyaka emibini. Imveliso yegolide elinganayo yayifuna phantse iminyaka esixhenxe ukuze ifikelele kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ukuqukuqela kweNgxowa-mali akuzange kuhambe ngolu hlobo ngaphambili.

Iinkampani zahamba kuqala. I-MicroStrategy yaqala ukuguqula yonke i-treasury reserve ibe yi-Bitcoin ngo-2020, isabelo esaqala ngaphezu kwe-500 yezigidi zeedola kwaye sakhula de inkampani yalawula ngaphezu kwe-1% ye-21 yezigidi. I-Tesla ilandele i-$ 1.5 yezigidigidi. Ibhlokhi ithengwe ngokwezigaba. La manyathelo akhangeleka engenankathalo ngelo xesha nakwangoko, leyo yindlela abaphatha ngayo oovulindlela babo.

Iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo ezingamashumi amane anesithoba ngoku ziphethe ngaphezu kwe-1,000 yeingqekembe nganye kwaye kunye zilawula ngaphezulu kwesigidi. Yongeza imali kwiinkampani kwaye kufutshane ne-12% yazo zonke ii-Bitcoin ezijikelezayo zihlala namaziko awayengekho kule marike kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo. Uninzi lolo qokelelo lwenzekile emva kowama-2023, olufanele ukuhlala nalo okomzuzwana. Ubume bobunini beBitcoin butshintshe kakhulu kwiminyaka emibini kunakwishumi langaphambili.

Unikezelo alunakuphendula. Phantse i-166,000 yeengqekembe ezintsha ziya kombiwa ngo-2026 kwaye indlu yophando i-Bitwise ilindele ukuba ii-ETF zodwa zifunxe ngaphezulu kwazo zonke.

Emva koko qwalasela into engekenzeki. Uninzi lwabaphathi bobutyebi behlabathi abakabambi nto. Izigunyaziso zomhlalaphantsi ziyaqala ukubhalwa. Abanikezeli bezabelo abazimeleyo ngaphandle kwamazwe athinjwa abakaqalisi. Ndilandele ubuchwephesha bolu tshintsho ukwamkelwa kweziko Bitcoin kwaye isiphelo siye saqiniswa kuphela ukususela: xa inkunzi yesigulana idibana nobonelelo olusisigxina, ukubuyisela amaxabiso kuyeka ukuba ngumcimbi wokuba.

Ithetha ukuthini uvimba weqhinga

Iibhanki eziphambili zigcina igolide ngesizathu esinye esisinda kuyo yonke ifashoni kwithiyori yepotfoliyo. Ayilotyala lamntu. Akukho rhulumente unokuyishicilela ibekho kwaye akukho qela lingasilela kuyo. Xa imali ngokwayo iyinto ethandabuzekayo, indawo yokugcina kufuneka iphile ngaphandle kwenkqubo ekhuphe imali. Yiyo loo nto oovimba begolide basinda ekupheleni komgangatho wegolide ngo-1971. Ingqiqo ayizange ixhomekeke kumgangatho, kuphela ekunqongopheni.

I-Bitcoin yenza umsebenzi ofanayo nakweyiphi na isayizi, eyona ngxabano endiyichithe ukwenza incwadi. Igolide inika ukhuseleko lobuchule nanini na xa amaziko esonakala kodwa ifuna iivaults, abahlaseli kunye nabakhapha abaxhobileyo. I-Bitcoin igcina ukhuseleko ngelixa ilahla i-friction. Ihlala kwimizuzu kuneentsuku kwaye iyahlula ukuya kutsho kwiindawo ezisibhozo.

Uvimba uchazwa ngenjongo endaweni yobukhulu. Yinxalenye yobutyebi ongayiceliyo ukuyenza kwikota elandelayo. Ndiyibeka ngokucacileyo encwadini: imali yeqhinga ayenzelwanga ukwenza, yenzelwe ukuzingisa. Isicwangciso sokugcina silinganiswa kumashumi eminyaka.

Isakhelo siyatshintsha nomntu oyibambileyo. Kumfundi ogcina imali kumashumi eminyaka umngcipheko wokulawulwa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kumntu odla umhlala-phantsi kukutyhileka kwelinye iqela. Kusapho ukuthembana kukuqhubekeka kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ingqekembe efanayo iphendula zontathu, yiyo loo nto ndihlala ndixelela abathengi ukuba i-Bitcoin ayikho malunga nokuqikelela, imalunga nokugquma.

Umphuhlisi oneminyaka engama-22 ubudala eLagos unokubamba i-asethi efanayo ngokuthe ngqo ngokwemigaqo efanayo nengxowa-mali yobutyebi obuzimeleyo kwiGulf. Akukho mpahla egciniweyo kwimbali enike loo nto.

Oorhulumente abayeka ukulinda

Kangangeminyaka ityala lobukhosi lalihlala kumaphepha amhlophe. Emva koko yayeka ukuba yithiyori ngokungxama.

IUnited States yabuyela kwisikhundla sayo. Ngokuhluthwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kunye noluntu, amatyala eSilk Road kunye nentloko ye-Bitfinex yokubuyiswa kwe-hack phakathi kwabo, ii-arhente zomdibaniso ziqokelele malunga ne-198,000 yeingqekembe ngaphandle kwesicwangciso ngaphaya kwefandesi elandelayo. NgoMatshi ka-2025 umyalelo wesigqeba wajika ingozi yaba ngumgaqo-nkqubo. Yaseka iStrategic Bitcoin Reserve, yayenza imali eyinkunzi ngengqekembe ehluthiweyo kwaye yachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba iUnited States ayisayi kuthengisa iBitcoin efakwe kwindawo yokugcina. Yaya phambili kwaye yayalela uNondyebo kunye noRhwebo ukuba bafumane iindlela ezingathathi hlangothi zokufumana ngaphezulu. I-Texas yawisa umthetho wayo wokugcinwa kwelizwe kwangaloo nyaka. Oyena mntu unetyala elikhulu ehlabathini wenze isigqibo, ngokusesikweni nangencwadi ebhaliweyo, ukuba le asethi ifanelekile ukuyigcina kunokuba ifandesi.

I-El Salvador yahamba kuqala, yamkela i-Bitcoin njengethenda esemthethweni ngoSeptemba ka-2021 kwaye ithenga ngokuthe chu ukusukela ngoko, indawo ngoku emalunga ne-6,000 yeingqekembe. I-IMF yachasa ngokuvakalayo nangokuphindaphindiweyo. ISan Salvador yaqhubeka ithenga. IBhutan yakhetha eyona ndlela ithuleyo kuzo zonke. Ingalo yayo yotyalo-mali yelizwe imigodi yeBitcoin ngamandla ombane asele ethe xhaxhe ebeya kuthi ngenye indlela aqhubele phambili ekuchithekeni, ekwakheni ukubanjwa okuqikelelwa kwiingqekembe ze-11,700 kubukumkani babantu abangaphantsi kwesigidi. Kwanoorhulumente abangenawo umgaqo-nkqubo babambe ii-asethi. I-United Kingdom ihleli malunga ne-61,000 yeingqekembe ezithinjiweyo ngelixa ixoxa malunga nokuba mayenze ntoni ngazo. Izithuthi zobutyebi obuzimeleyo kwi-UAE naseNorway zithwala ubhengezo olungathanga ngqo ngotyalo-mali lwazo. Ipateni iphinda kwisikali ngasinye: ukuqokelelana okuzolileyo kuqala, imfundiso kamva.

Ngo-2022 iUkraine yaxhasa ngemali inxalenye yokhuselo lwelizwe ngokuthumela idilesi yeBitcoin kwihlabathi. Kwafika amashumi ezigidi zeerandi ngeentsuku nje ezimbalwa. Nokuba yeyiphi enye into engqinwe sesi siqendu, yazinzisa iingxabano malunga nokuba ingaba i-asethi isebenza phantsi koxinzelelo.

Ithiyori yomdlalo ayikhululeki kubasusi kade. Ubonelelo lunqunyanyisiwe, ngoko ke ukufumana kwangethuba kunexabiso eliphantsi ngokwemathematika kunokubambisa. Amazwe asekuqaleni nawo afumana ukubhala imigangatho yogcino kunye neyokubalwa kwayo wonke umntu uya kufumana ilifa. Elinye iphepha lomgaqo-nkqubo waseMelika ngoku libonisa ukuxatyiswa kweBitcoin njengendlela yokuhlawula amatyala e-federal ngaphandle kokunyuswa kwerhafu, ingcebiso eyayiza kuphelisa imisebenzi eWashington kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Ndigcina ikhadi lamanqaku lokubaleka ugqatso lweqhinga logcino lweBitcoin kwaye ibifuna ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kunokuba bendilindele xa ndiyibhala.

Apho uMzantsi Afrika umi khona

Akukho mntu ePitoli ubhala i-reserve bill. Into uMzantsi Afrika onayo kukucaciswa kwemithetho, kunqabile kunokuba uvakala. I-Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) ibhengeze iimveliso zezemali ze-crypto asethi phantsi kwe-Financial Advisory and Intermediary Act Act (FAIS) ngo-Oktobha 2022, inika eli lizwe ulawulo lwelayisenisi ngelixa uninzi lwehlabathi lusaphikisana ngeenkcazo. Ummiselo wafika phambi kolwabiwo. Lowo ngumyalelo ochanekileyo. Kukwathetha ukuba umntu waseMzantsi Afrika unokwakha indawo yogcino namhlanje ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esinephepha-mvume, into ekungekho mntu waseMelika anokuyithetha phambi kuka-2024.

Amaphepha ebhalansi abucala ngomnye umcimbi. Iinkampani zaseMzantsi Afrika zihleli malunga neetriliyoni ezi-2 zeerandi koovimba bemali, uninzi lwayo yamkela ngaphantsi kwelahleko yerandi. Ulawulo lotshintshiselwano luze longeze into endiyibonayo ukuba ingahoywa rhoqo kakhulu: I-Bitcoin ebanjwe ekuhlaleni kunye nomboneleli wenkonzo ye-asethi ye-crypto elawulwayo ayibalelwa kwimida yotyalo-mali lwangaphandle, ngelixa ukuthumela ingqekembe yemali kude nonxweme ngaphandle kwemvume yangaphambili yeBhanki enguVimba kunokuthathwa njengokungagunyaziswanga kwangaphandle. I-asethi eziphatha njengemali ye-offshore, ngokwemigaqo yolawulo, yeyasekhaya. Ndabeka i-boardroom case epheleleyo I-Bitcoin njenge-asethi ye-treasury yenkampani kunye ne-JSE ngoku ine-precedent ephilayo kuyo Inkampani yaseAfrika yokuqala edweliswe nguNondyebo weBitcoin.

Ityala lomntu ngamnye alifuni komiti. Ndivule iThe Strategic Reserve ndinegrosari ePlettenberg Bay. Emva kwesithuba esingaphezu konyaka ndiphinde ndavula i-Checkers Sixty60 app kwaye ndaphinda ndaodola ingobozi enye. Yayixabisa malunga ne-R1,000. Ngoku ixabisa i-R1,400. Akukho sihloko sibhengezwe oko. Akukho ntetho yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ikhankanyiweyo. Irandi yenze nje into eyenziwa yimali engafakwanga kwaye igrocery yam igcine amanqaku.

Ukulinda umqondiso osemthethweni kwakhona sisicwangciso. Yeyona ibizayo.

Ukwakha indawo yogcino phambi kwekomiti

Imigaqo iyancipha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa nantoni na. Uvimba wekhaya uthobela i-physics efanayo neyesizwe, kunye neekomiti ezimbalwa. Umgaqo wam wokusebenza awutshintshanga kwiminyaka: uthatha isigqibo sokuba yimalini, ndiyaqinisekisa ukuba awuphulukani nayo.

Xa siqhuba oko kuthetha isicwangciso senyanga sokugcina imali esuka kwi-R1,000 kubantu abasakha ngokucothayo. Kuthetha ukufudukela ekuzigcineni xa isikhundla sigqithile malunga ne-R10,000, kuba umngcipheko wokutshintshiselana ngenqaku uqalisa ukodlula ukulungelwa. Ukubamba ngokunzulu kuthetha i Vault, edibanisa i-Trezor kunye ne-Ileja ene-Coldcard isitshixo sokubuyisela ukuze kungabikho sixhobo esinye okanye umenzi onokuhluleka. Ndenza ezintlanu kwezo setu ngenyanga kwaye akukho ngaphezulu, ekubeni ukugcinwa oluleqisiweyo yindlela abantu abalahlekelwa ngayo iingqekembe. Abathengi abakhulu bathengiselana phezu kwekhawuntara nakweyiphi na isayizi, kunye namaxwebhu aphathwa ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kwe-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).

Omnye ulwahlulo ubala ngaphezu kokuba abathengi abaninzi becinga. Ingxowa-mali yotshintshiselwano (ETF) ikunika ukuvezwa kwexabiso ngelixa omnye umntu egcina ingqekembe. Ubunini obuthe ngqo bukunika into ngokwayo, kunye neepropati ezingezizo ezizimeleyo ezithethelela ukuthengwa kwasekuqaleni. Uvimba owakhelwe phezu kwesithembiso somphathi wengxowa-mali uzuza ilifa lomngcipheko weqela lomphathi, nto leyo kanye kanye umngcipheko okhoyo ukuze ususwe.

Nokuba ingakanani na, indlela yokuziphatha iyafana neyebhanki enguvimba. Thenga ngaphandle kwedrama. Bamba ngaphandle koondlela-mfutshane. Bhala yonke into ukuze isikhundla siphumelele kuphicotho-zincwadi okanye kwilifa.

Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe, iprotocol igcine zonke izithembiso ezenzileyo. Oorhulumente sele beqalisile ukuyihlawula imbuyekezo yokuqokelela. Umbuzo oluncedo osele awukho ukuba i-curve yokwamkelwa iyaqhubeka kodwa ngubani ophethe isiqwenga se-21 yezigidi ngaphambi kokuba ixabiso libonise ngokupheleleyo loo rekhodi.