Ukugcinwa kweBitcoin yeSiginitsha ezininzi: Isebenza njani kwaye kutheni ibalulekile

Esinye isitshixo yinto enye enokonakala. Ukugcinwa kweesignisha ezininzi kuthatha loo ndawo yokusilela kwaye isasazeke kwizitshixo ezininzi ezigcinwe ngokwahlukeneyo, ke akukho sixhobo silahlekileyo, akukho busela kwaye akukho mntu unemfuno onokuhambisa i-Bitcoin yakho yedwa. Kuseto lwe-2-of-3 amaqhosha amabini kwamathathu kufuneka asayine phambi kokuba i-satoshi ihambe. Nantsi indlela imbono ye-m-of-n esebenza ngayo kwaye kutheni ilulwakhiwo endifikelela kulo kanye ukubamba kufanelekile ukukhuselwa.

Yintoni i-m-of-n eneneni ithetha

I-Multsig imfutshane kwi-multi-signature, kwaye ingcamango engaphantsi kwayo indala. Itshekhi efuna utyikityo lwabalawuli ababini yi-multisig. Isefu enezitshixo ezibini eziphethwe ngabantu ababini yimultisig. I-Bitcoin yenza into efanayo kwisoftware, ngokwemveli, ngaphandle kwebhanki phakathi.

I-shorthand ngu-m-of-n. Wenza izitshixo ze-n zizonke kwaye ufuna i-m yazo isayine phambi kokuba nayiphi na i-Bitcoin ihambe. I-wallet ye-2-of-3 inezitshixo ezintathu kwaye idinga naziphi na ezimbini. I-3-of-5 inezitshixo ezihlanu kwaye idinga naziphi na ezintathu. Amanani ludawuli olujika phakathi kwemingcipheko emibini ekhuphisanayo: imbalwa kakhulu efunekayo kwaye isela lifuna okuncinci ukuba libile, kuyafuneka kakhulu kwaye uzivalele ngaphandle. Phantse wonke umnini wabucala kunye namaziko amaninzi endisebenza nawo, i-2-of-3 ihlala kumbindi onengqondo wolo dawuli. Ikunika isitshixo esisecaleni ngaphandle kokuguqula yonke intengiselwano ibe yintlanganiso yekomiti.

Esinye isitshixo ngokwaso asinamandla kolu cwangciso. Yiloo ngongoma yonke.

Thelekisa isipaji esiqhelekileyo somsayino omnye, esisitshixo esinye esinomda wempazamo. Lahleka imbewu kwaye iingqekembe zimke ngonaphakade. Maliyifumane isela kwaye bemkile ngaloo mvakwemini. Ndihamba ngokwenza ugcino lwesitshixo esinye ngokufanelekileyo kwisikhokelo sam ukuya Ukugcinwa kweBitcoin eMzantsi Afrika, kunye neendawo ezincinci zokubamba isipaji se-hardware esisekwe kakuhle lukhuseleko olunyanisekileyo. I-Multsig yinto ophumelele kuyo xa isitshixo esisodwa siqala ukuziva ngathi ubunzima obuninzi kumsonto omnye.

Iindlela ezine isitshixo esinye siyafa

Kuyanceda ukucacisa malunga nokuba yintoni engahambi kakuhle, kuba i-multisig ayiyo-inshurensi engabonakaliyo. Iphendula iintsilelo ezine ezibambekayo, kwaye ndizibukele zone zisenzeka ebantwini kule minyaka idlulileyo ukusukela ngo-2016.

Isitshixo sinokulahleka. Umlilo kwisifundo, umkhukula eGeorge emva kobusika obumanzi, i-hard drive enika i-backup, ipleyiti yembewu eyanyamalala kwindlu yokufuduka. Isitshixo sinokubiwa, nokuba ngokoqobo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo okanye ngokwedijithali kwilaptop ephethe i-malware. Isitshixo sinokuthathwa ngamandla, oko kukungaphumeleli kwabantu abancinci abathanda ukucinga ngako: umntu owaziyo ukuba ubambe i-Bitcoin efika esangweni lakho kwaye enze isicelo kumntu. Kwaye isitshixo sinokuphila ngaphandle komnini waso, sishiya iindlalifa ezaziyo ukuba i-Bitcoin ikhona kodwa ayinayo indlela yokungena. I-Multisig iphula ikhonkco kuzo zonke ezine, kuba akukho siganeko esinye kwaye akukho ndawo ibambe ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa iingqekembe.

Ityala lokunyanzeliswa lelona lifanelekileyo ukuhlala nalo, kuba abemi boMzantsi Afrika bayayazi imeko ngakumbi kunabaninzi. Isitshixo esisodwa yingxaki yompu ukuya entloko: nantoni na oyibambileyo, unokwenziwa ukuba uyinikele kwalapho. I-2-of-3 enesitshixo esahlukileyo ngokwejografi esibanjwe ngumgcini sitshintsha icalculus ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwenyama awukwazi ukugqiba utshintshiselwano uwedwa phantsi konyanzeliso, kwaye ilungiselelo elinzulu lokugcina lakha kwinqanaba lokuqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo ukukhupha utyikityo olwenziwe phantsi kwesoyikiso. Ongenako ukuvelisa xa ufunwa, akukho mntu unokukuthabatha kuwe esangweni lakho.

Indlela i-2-of-3 isakhiwo esisebenza ngayo ekusebenzeni

Kwenziwa izitshixo ezithathu, ngalinye likwisixhobo salo, ngalinye libhalwe phantsi kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ligximfizwe kwipleyiti yentsimbi kunokuba lishiywe kwiphepha elitshayo. Izitshixo azizange zihlanganiswe. Zidalwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye zihlala ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye naziphi na ezimbini zazo zinokugunyazisa inkcitho ngelixa enye yazo ingasebenzi.

Ulungiselelo lwentsebenziswano efanayo yomnini waseMzantsi Afrika lwahlula ulawulo olufana nolu. Ubambe izitshixo ezibini kwezi zintathu kwizixhobo zehardware, ke ugcina ulawulo lokwenyani olusecaleni kwaye unokuhambisa eyakho iBitcoin ngaphandle kokucela imvume yakhe nabani na. Umgcini olawulwayo ubamba isitshixo sesithathu njenge-arhente yokubuyisela kunye nelifa. Ngenxa yokuba iisignesha ezimbini zisoloko zifunwa kwaye umgcini ukhe waba nenye kuphela, loo mgcini akanakuze ahambise i-Bitcoin yakho. Lo ngumahluko phakathi kokugcinwa ngokubambisana kunye nokunikezela ngeengqekembe zakho kwinkampani: ufumana i-backstop ngaphandle kokunikezela ngolawulo. Ngumahluko endiwutsalayo ngokupheleleyo ukuzigcina kuthelekiswa notshintshiselwano ngokugcina.

Ngoku landela uhlaselo oluchasene neso sakhiwo. Ukweba i-Bitcoin isela kufuneka lilahlekise izitshixo ezibini ngaxeshanye, isixhobo sakho sehardware kunye nesitshixo sokubuyisa somgcini, umzekelo, eyona nto inzima kakhulu ekujoliswe kuyo kunokuba ibambe enye. Ukuphulukana nofikelelo ngengozi kuya kufuneka ulahlekelwe zizitshixo ezibini kunye nenkumbulo yendlela yokuzifumana. Ukuyithatha ngokunyanzeliswa, umntu kuya kufuneka anyanzelise ababambeli ababini abahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Yonke indlela ephelisa i-wallet eneqhosha elinye iba nentsingiselo ixesha elide, kwaye ezininzi azinakwenzeka.

Ukuphulukana nesitshixo esinye kuyeka ukuba yintlekele kwaye kube ngumsebenzi. Usabambe isibini esilawulayo, okanye wena kunye nomgcini kunye nokucima umgubasi, ukuze imali ifudukele kwigumbi elitsha elinezitshixo ngelixa kungekho nto yakha yavezwa. Uyiphatha ngexesha lokuphumla kunokuba uphakuzele, nto leyo umahluko ngokweemvakalelo oluthengwa luyilo lonke.

Ukukhetha umlinganiselo

Abantu babuza ukuba kutheni i-2-ye-3 kwaye ingeyiyo into enezitshixo ezininzi. Impendulo enyanisekileyo kukuba umlinganiselo sisigwebo malunga nobomi bakho, hayi indawo yonke. I-2-of-3 inyamezela ukulahlekelwa kwaso nasiphi na isitshixo esinye kwaye idinga ukulungelelaniswa kwezimbini ukuba zibiwe. Tyhila ukuya kwi-3-of-5 kwaye ufumana ukuxhathisa ubusela obungakumbi kunye neendawo ezininzi ezihambayo: iindawo ezintlanu zokugcina, ii-backups ezintlanu ezinokuthobisa, izinto ezintlanu zokuchazela umenzi. Uninzi lwabanini babucala kunye namaziko amaninzi endisebenza nawo abonelelwa ngcono ngamaqhosha ambalwa agcinwe ngoqeqesho lokwenyani kunezitshixo ezininzi ezilawulwa ngokungenankathalo.

Izitshixo ezingaphezulu ayilokhuseleko oluthe kratya ngokuzenzekelayo.

Imowudi yokusilela endiyibonayo ngabantu bafikelela kwi-m-of-n ebanzi kwaye ke, kuba yingxaki, ukugcina ezimbini zee-backups kwisefu enye. Loo nto ilungisa yonke into. I-2-of-3 ecocekileyo enezitshixo ezahlulwe ngokwenene ibetha i-3-of-5 enomtsalane ethi cwaka kwindawo enye. Ukhuseleko oya kulugcina lukhuseleko kuphela olubalulekileyo.

Kutheni ijografi ilukhuseleko, hayi ubuhle

I-Multisig isebenza kuphela ukuba izitshixo zihlala zodwa. Umzuzwana zonke ezintathu ii-backups zembewu ziphela kwidrowa enye, isakhiwo siyawa sibuyela kwindawo enye yokusilela ekunxibeni isinxibo. Ngoko ke, indlela yokugcina izinto ayilokhetho lokucoca. Lukhuseleko ngokwalo.

Umthetho wogcino lweziko osetyenzisiweyo iminyaka awubuthuntu: ungaze ugcine naziphi na ii-backups zembewu ezimbini kunye. Isitshixo ngasinye senziwa ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, sivaliwe emoyeni kuwo nawuphi na umatshini oqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi, apho abagcini abanzulu benza ngokusesikweni njengomsitho ophambili kunye namangqina kunye noluhlu lokutshekisha. Imbewu nganye iya kwintsimbi eyomeleleyo kunephepha. Emva koko ii-backups zisasazekile kwiindawo ezahlukileyo, ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezahlulwe ngokwejografi, ukuze ukuqhekezwa okukodwa, umlilo omnye okanye isikhukula esinye singaze sifike kwikhoram. Esinye isitshixo sasekhaya eKapa, esinye kwisefu ye-ofisi eSandton, isitshixo sokubuyisela kunye nomgcini sisimo endisimise ngaphezu kwexesha elinye.

Kukho isizathu esikhethekileyo saseMzantsi Afrika sokugcina uninzi lwezitshixo zasekhaya. Xa ubambe uninzi lwezitshixo ngaphakathi elizweni, iBitcoin iphathwa njenge-asethi elawulwa ekuhlaleni endaweni ye-offshore. Kwinkampani okanye ithemba elibe luncedo lokwenene, kuba ngoku yenye yeendlela ezicocekileyo zokuba neBitcoin yakho uzigcinele ngokwakho ngaphandle kokucela kuqala kwi-Reserve Bank imvume yokususa ubutyebi kude nonxweme. UDomicile ulandela izitshixo, nezitshixo zihlala apha.

Phantse wonke umntu owenza i-multisig eyedwa uyalibala isiqwenga esinye kwaye imoshakele ngokuzolileyo. Ecaleni kwamagama embewu ufuna ifayile yokumisela isipaji, isichazi sixela isoftware yokubuyisela ukuba zeziphi izitshixo ezenza isipaji. Lahla loo fayile kwaye iseti epheleleyo yamabinzana embewu isakushiya uvaleleke ngaphandle. Useto olulawulwayo lubamba inkcazo ngokukhuselekileyo ecaleni kwesitshixo sokubuyisela, ngoko ke imephu kunye notyikityo zikho zombini mhla uzifuna.

Ilifa liyayeka ukuba ngumdlalo wokuthelekelela

I-Bitcoin inengxaki yelifa ebhaliweyo, kwaye uzenzele ngokwakho i-multisig ingayenza ibe mandundu kunokuba ibengcono. Umabi ojongene nezipaji zehardware ezifihliweyo, amabinzana embewu aliqela, iindlela zokuvela kunye nefayile yoqwalaselo engekhoyo inokutshabalalisa eyona Bitcoin bazama ukuyihlangula.

I-multisig ehlangeneyo ivala loo msantsa ngabom. Ngenxa yokuba umgcini sele ebambe isitshixo esinye, ifayile yoqwalaselo lwewalethi kunye nolwazi lobugcisa, umntu ovala ifa lakho kufuneka aqonde iBitcoin kwaphela. Bafumana enye yamabinzana akho embewu agcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo, ayinike umgcini, kunye neempawu ezingundoqo zomgcini ukuze ufikelele kwi-2-of-3 threshold kwaye ukhulule iingqekembe kubaxhamli bakho. Akukho gama lembewu lifuna ukubhalwa kumyolelo, nto leyo enethamsanqa, kuba umyolelo uba luxwebhu loluntu ngexesha lolawulo lwelifa. Ndachaza eyona nto bajongana nayo abaphumeleleyo kwenzeka ntoni kwiBitcoin yakho xa usifa eMzantsi Afrika.

Kutheni amaziko kunye neetrasti zomhlaba kwi-multisig

Ii-ofisi zosapho, abaphathiswa kunye neebhodi zeenkampani zisebenza phantsi kwemithetho yolawulo enokuthi iqhosha elinye lingakwazi ukwanelisa. Owona mdala kule migaqo kukwahlulwa kwemisebenzi: akukho mntu kufuneka abe negunya elicalanye phezu kwempahla enzima. Iimali zemveli zinyanzelisa oko ngokugunyaziswa kabini, iinkqubo zokutshekisha kunye nezigunyaziso ezityikityayo kwii-akhawunti zebhanki.

I-Multisig inikezela ngqo olo lawulo ngokwemveli, kwi-cryptography kunenkqubo. Akukho mphathiswa, umlawuli okanye ilungu lekomiti yotyalo-mali elinokuthi lihambise i-treasury yodwa, kuba inkcitho nganye idinga iisignesha ezimbini ezizimeleyo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ezo zisayino zirekhodwa kwi-Isixokelelwano seebloko ye-Bitcoin ngokwayo kunokuba ifihlwe kwi-log yangasese, ilungiselelo lishiya indlela yophicotho ecacileyo, eqinisekisiweyo. Umphicothi-zincwadi unokunikwa ukufikelela kokujonga kuphela, qinisekisa ukuba i-wallet ifuna ngokwenene ezimbini ezintathu zokutyikitya kwaye ujonge ibhalansi ngexesha langempela, ngaphandle kokufumana amandla okusayina. Oko kufihlwa kwe-on-Isixokelelwano samakhonkco yiyo kanye loo nto amaqumrhu alawulwayo ethanda ukukhetha i-script multisig kwizisombululo ezenza utyikityo ngaphandle kwekhonkco kwaye angashiyi ingxelo yoluntu yokuba ngubani ovunywe yintoni. Iguqula umgaqo-nkqubo wombutho ube yingqiniseko yezibalo.

Ukhetho olufanayo lwe-2-ye-3 ngaphezu kwento enzima efana ne-3-of-5 yenziwe ngamabomu. Inika amaziko ucalu-calulo kunye nokuphinda kuncitshiswe imfuno yesigunyaziso sawo ngelixa ugcina utshintshiselwano lusebenza endaweni yokuba luvalwe. Inguqulelo elawulwa yi-SimplB yayo yonke le nto Ixabiso lexabiso le-SimplB, i-2-of-3 eyakhelwe kwizixhobo ezintathu ezivela kubakhiqizi abathathu abahlukeneyo, apho ubambe izitshixo ezimbini kwaye ndibambe enye yokubuyisela kuphela. Elo nqaku ligubungela imveliso ngokweenkcukacha. Lo umalunga nomgaqo ophantsi kwawo.