Ukuzigcina kweBitcoin eMzantsi Afrika: Ithetha ukuthini kunye nendlela yokuyenza ngokufanelekileyo

I-Bitcoin kutshintshiselwano sisithembiso esivela kwinkampani. I-Bitcoin kwi-Ukuzigcinela yipropati ebanjwe ngqo ezandleni zakho. Umahluko uvakala ngokwemfundo de ukurhoxiswa ngumkhenkce, nto leyo eye yenzeka rhoqo ngokwaneleyo, kuquka apha ekhaya, ukuba esona silumkiso indala kushishino iseyeyona iluncedo: hayi izitshixo zakho, hayi iinkozo zakho. Nantsi indlela abantu baseMzantsi Afrika abafunda ngayo ukubamba izitshixo zabo ngendlela eyiyo.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuzigcina

I-Bitcoin yi-asethi yomthwali. Isitshixo sangasese, inombolo ye-256-bit ukuba i-wallet yakho ibonise njengebinzana lembewu ye-12 kumagama angama-24, ayikho igama eliyimfihlo kwi-akhawunti kwenye indawo. Yi-asethi. Nabani na ophethe loo magama ngendlela echanekileyo angachitha i-Bitcoin naphi na emhlabeni ngaphandle kokucela ibhanki, utshintshiselwano okanye mna. Nabani na ongazibambiyo, kuquka nawe emva kokufuduka ngokungakhathali kwindlu, akanako. Ibinzana elicatshulwe ngumntu wonke, hayi izitshixo zakho, hayi iingqekembe zakho zemali, yile nyaniso yokunxiba iimpahla zayo zokusebenza.

Loo nyaniso inye iqhuba zonke izigqibo ezilandelayo.

Xa iBitcoin yakho ihleli kutshintshiselwano, ukutshintshiselana kubambe izitshixo kwaye ubambe ingeniso kwisiseko sabo sedatha. Ngokwemigaqo yomthetho ungumbolekisi ongakhuselekanga wenkampani yabucala. Ibhalansi kwi-app ibonakala njengeyakho. Iziphatha njengeyabo xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle, kuba ukuba nezitshixo yeyona nto ibonwa yinethiwekhi yeBitcoin.

Ukuzigcina nawe asiyonto enye. Isebenza kwi-wallet app elula kwifowuni yakho, ekulungeleyo ukuchitha imali, nge-wallet enye yehardware ukuya kuthi ga kwi-vault ye-multisignature epheleleyo apho kungekho sitshixo sinokuhambisa imali ngokwaso. Inqanaba elifanelekileyo lixhomekeke kubungakanani bendawo yokubamba kunye nokuba inani lokulala lingakubiza kangakanani ukuba linokunyamalala ngaphandle kwesilumkiso.

Iintsilelo zotshintshiselwano eziqhubeka zifundisa isifundo

I-Mt Gox iphathe malunga ne-70% yazo zonke iintengiselwano zeBitcoin kwincopho yayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-2014 malunga ne-850,000 ye-BTC yayinyamalele ngomxube wokhuseleko olubuthathaka kunye nokubola kwangaphakathi. Ababolekisi balinde iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukuze babuyelwe ngokuyinxenye kwaye uninzi lwabo lwaluyekile ukukholelwa ukuba imali ikhona. I-Bitfinex ilahlekelwe phantse kwi-120,000 ye-BTC ngo-2016 nangona iqhuba ilungiselelo le-multisig kunye nengcali yesithathu. I-FTX iye yawa ngoNovemba ka-2022 ngaphandle kokugqekezwa kuyo nayiphi na ingqiqo yobugcisa. Imali yeklayenti yayingekho nje. Ipateni ayikade ithathe umhlala-phantsi: I-Bybit ifumene eyona hacks inkulu yotshintshiselwano olunye kwirekhodi ngo-2025.

UMzantsi Afrika unengeniso yawo kuloo leja. NgoMatshi ka-2021 utshintshiselwano lwasekhaya i-iCE3X lwanqumamisa ukurhweba emva kokunika ingxelo yokungangqinelani kwibhalansi yeBitcoin kunye ne-Litecoin, emva koko yangena ekubhangisweni ngelixa abathengi babeme ngasemva kwamagqwetha. Akukho mntu apha kwakufuneka alandele iingxelo zenkundla yaseTokyo ukuze afunde isifundo. Yayifundiswa ngerandi.

Akukho nanye kule ngxabano yokuba i-Bitcoin yasilela.

Iprothokholi iqhubekisele phambili yonke into yokuwa ngaphandle kokuphoswa yibhloko, umahluko endiwubeke kuwo into esele iqhekeziwe. Iinkampani eziphethe iingqekembe egameni labanye abantu aziphumelelanga, nto leyo luhlobo oludala kakhulu lokusilela ukunxiba uphawu olutsha. Ndibeka iimodeli ezimbini ecaleni ngecala ukuzigcina kuthelekiswa notshintshiselwano ngokugcina. Inguqu emfutshane kukuba ukutshintshiselana yindawo efanelekileyo yokuthenga i-Bitcoin kunye nendawo embi ukuyishiya.

Kukho umaleko wendawo kwingxoxo ngokunjalo. Abemi boMzantsi Afrika sele bephila nolawulo lotshintshiselwano, kunye neebhanki ezithi zikhe zibe ngumkhenkce kuqala ze zibuze imibuzo kamva kunye nerandi ephulukene ne-70% xa ithelekiswa nedola kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini. Isikhundla seBitcoin esizigcine ngokufanelekileyo siyinxalenye yebhalansi yakho apho kungekho mntu wesithathu uhlala phakathi kwakho kunye ne-asethi yakho. Leyo yingxelo yesakhiwo, ayisosimemo sokufihla nantoni na. Abathengi bam babhengeza ukubamba kwabo kwaye balandele imithetho. Izitshixo ukuba zezakho kwaye umrhafi uyahlawulwa zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuthenga nokuseta isipaji sehardware ngokufanelekileyo

I-wallet ye-hardware sisixhobo esincinci esingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi esigcina isitshixo sakho sabucala kude kuyo nayiphi na i-malware oyiqokelele kuyo iminyaka. Lindela ukuhlawula phakathi kwe-R2,000 kunye ne-R10,000. Yithenge ngokuthe ngqo kumvelisi okanye umthengisi oqinisekisiweyo, nokuba oko kubiza ngaphezulu kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide. Ungaze uthenge iyunithi yesandla sesibini kwaye ungaze uthenge ngamaqonga emarike anje nge-eBay okanye i-Takealot, kuba ikhonkco lokubonelela ngehardware liyabanjwa. Isixhobo esonakeleyo sinokufika sine-malware efakiweyo okanye izitshixo zayo sele zikotshwe nguye nabani na ophinde wayipakisha. Jonga ukuba amatywina acocekile kwaye uqhube naluphi na uqinisekiso olujonga umenzi alunikezelayo ngaphambi kokulithemba ngesenti.

Kwiimpawu: Ndimise kwaye ndixhase iiyunithi zeTrezor, Ileja, Coldcard, BitBox kunye neKeystone kwiminyaka kwaye zonke zihloniphekile. Uphawu lubala ngaphantsi kakhulu kunokukhangela kunye noqeqesho olugcinayo oluyilandelayo.

Emva koko kuza ibinzana lembewu, apho abantu abaninzi basilela khona. Ngexesha lokuseta ifowuni izakubonisa amagama ali-12 ukuya kuma-24. Zibhale ephepheni uze uzifake iinombolo ukuze ulandelelwano lusinde. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu loo mazwi kufuneka angaze achukumise nantoni na ngoqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi. Sukubafota. Musa ukuzichwetheza ekhompyutheni ukuze uzigcine kwifayile. Ungazigcini kwinqaku lelifu, umphathi wephasiwedi okanye uyilo lwe-imeyile kuwe. Ibinzana lembewu elibonwe kwiscreen alisakhuselekanga kwaye yonke irandi yesipaji iyakuze iyibambe isengozini. Amasela akasifuni isixhobo sakho. Bayawafuna loo mazwi.

Iphepha lineentshaba zalo. Iyatsha, iyaphela kwaye nabani na eGeorge angangqina ukuba nayo iyakhukula. Kuyo nayiphi na into oyibambayo ungakhathazeka ekuphulukaneni nayo, gximfiza amagama kwipleyiti yentsimbi engenasici. I-backup yentsimbi iyawususa umlilo kunye nezikhukhula kwaye ixabisa malunga netanki yepetroli.

Uninzi lwezipaji ze-hardware nazo zibonelela ngebinzana lokugqithisa, igama elikhethiweyo le-25 elivula i-wallet efihliweyo phezu kwembewu efanayo. Isetyenziswe kakuhle ngumaleko wokhuseleko lokwenyani. Ibinzana lokugqithisa alinamsebenzi kwisela ngaphandle kwamagama embewu ahamba nalo, ngoko ke liyakwazi ukuphila emehlweni acacileyo. Isetyenziswe ngokungakhathali yi-trapdoor, kuba i-passphrase elahlekileyo yenza ukuba i-wallet efihliweyo ingabonakali ngokusisigxina ngaphandle komgca wenkxaso kwifowuni. Ukuba usebenzisa enye, yixhase ngokwahlukileyo kwimbewu kwaye uqinisekise ukuba isicwangciso sakho selifa siyayazi ukuba sikhona.

Vavanya ukuchacha ngaphambi kokuba imali ihambe

Ugcino olungavavanywanga luqikelelo. Phambi kokuba nasiphi na isixa esinentsingiselo singena kwi-wallet, ngqina ukuba uqikelelo luyinyani. Gcina isipaji sokuqala ukufumana idilesi kwindawo efanelekileyo. Sula isixhobo okanye ucime usetyenziso ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko buyisela isipaji ngaphandle kwamagama owabhalileyo. Ukuba i-wallet ebuyisiweyo ivelisa idilesi efanayo yokufumana, i-backup yakho ingqinwe ichanekile. Ukuba ayenzi njalo, usandula ukufumanisa impazamo eyintlekele ngexa ibisekhululekile ukuyilungisa.

Thumela utshintshiselwano oluncinci lovavanyo phambi kolona lukhulu, kuba iintlawulo zeBitcoin azinakuguqulwa kwaye impazamo ye-R200 sisifundo ngelixa impazamo yezigidi ezi-R2 isisiganeko sobomi. Xa uphethe iidilesi, khuphela kwaye uncamathisele okanye uskene ikhowudi yeQR. Ungaze uchwetheze kwakhona idilesi ngesandla. I-malware yeClipboard luhlobo lokwenyani lobusela, ke jonga abalinganiswa bokuqala kunye nokugqibela ngokuchasene noko kuboniswa sisipaji ngaphambi kokuba ucinezele ukuthumela. Nje ukuba uvavanyo lufike, luqinisekise kumhloli webhloko kwaye uhambise ibhalansi.

Andizange ndidibane nomntu ozisolayo ngokuvavanya ukuchacha.

Xa i-wallet enye ye-hardware ayisekho ngokwaneleyo

I-wallet enye ye-hardware inobuthakathaka obunyanisekileyo: igxininisa yonke into kwisitshixo esinye. Ukuba isixhobo kunye nepleyiti yaso yembewu zihlala kwisefu enye, ukuqhekezwa okanye umlilo omnye kuthatha zombini emva kwemini. Kwiindawo ezincinci zokubamba loo mngcipheko uyalawuleka ngoqeqesho kunye nejografi. Kudlule ubungakanani obuthile isakhiwo ngokwaso kufuneka sikuphathele uqeqesho, nto leyo eyenziwa lugcino lwemisayino emininzi. Ndigquma oomatshini ngaphakathi Ukugcinwa kweBitcoin kwemityikityo emininzi. Umgaqo uhambelana nesivakalisi: amaqhosha amaninzi, agcinwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kungekho namnye okwaziyo ukuhambisa imali.

I-SimplB Vault ngumgaqo okwimo elawulwayo, i-2-of-3 multisig apho naziphi na izitshixo ezibini zinokuhambisa i-Bitcoin kwaye akukho qela elinye elinokwenza lodwa. Ubambe izitshixo ezibini kwizixhobo ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo, i-Trezor kunye ne-Ileja, nganye inepleyiti yayo yokugcina intsimbi. Ndibambe isitshixo sesithathu kwi-Coldcard ene-air-gapped kuphela yokubuyisela kunye nenkxaso yelifa. Uvelisa ezakho izitshixo kunye nam ndikhokela inyathelo ngalinye kwaye andizange ndibabone okanye ndibachukumise. Inkqubo yokubuyisela ivavanywa phambi kokuba i-single ihlale ihamba. Izipaji ezimbini kunye neepleyiti ezimbini ziphelela kwiindawo ezine ezikhuselekileyo ezicwangcisiweyo kubomi bakho, ngokulandela umthetho osele usetyenziswe kugcino lweziko iminyaka: akukho zigcina zimbini zembewu ezike zigcinwe kunye. Ukuphulukana naso nasiphi na isitshixo esinye, nokuba kusitsha, ubusela okanye ukulahleka ngokulula, akunakuze kuphulukane neBitcoin. Utshintsha isitshixo esilahlekileyo kwaye ujikelezisa ivault ngexesha lokuphumla kunokuba ube nexhala.

Ndenza iiseti zeVault ezintlanu ngenyanga, ngokubonisana, kuba ukuzenza ngokufanelekileyo kuthatha ixesha.

Ukuzigcina ngokwakho okusindayo

I-Bitcoin egcinwe kakuhle inokuphila ngaphezu komnini wayo okanye inokufa kunye naye. Umahluko ngamaxwebhu. Umyolelo wakho mawungaze ube namagama embewu ngokwawo, kuba umyolelo uba luxwebhu lukawonke-wonke ngexesha lolawulo lwezindlu. Kufuneka iqulathe izalathiso: apho i-backups zigcinwe khona, ukuba ibinzana lokugqithisa likhona ukuba umntu uyakwenza kwaye ngubani omawuqhagamshelwe ngoncedo. Amafa e-Multisig adinga enye into ephantse ilibale ngumntu wonke, ifayile yokumisela isipaji, imephu exelela isoftware yokubuyisela ukuba zeziphi izitshixo ezenza isipaji. Ngaphandle kwayo isethi epheleleyo yamagama embewu anokumshiya ebambekile umenzi-lifa.

IVault yakha indlela yelifa ukusuka kusuku lokuqala. Umntu obhalwe phantsi ukuze abe ilifa akuyomfuneko ukuba abe nobuchule kwaye akuyomfuneko ukuba alandele phantsi zonke izixhobo owakhe wanazo. Ukubuyisela nayiphi na enye yee-backups zembewu yakho kwanele, ngenxa yokuba iqhosha lam lokubuyisela i-Coldcard lidibanisa ecaleni kwayo ukufikelela kumda we-2-of-3 kwaye ukhulule i-Bitcoin kumyalelo welifa lakho. Ndihamba ngenkqubo yezindlu kwenzeka ntoni kwiBitcoin yakho xa usifa eMzantsi Afrika, kuquka oko bajongana nabo abamabi.

Izigidi zemali sele zilahlekile ngonaphakade. Usapho lwakho akufuneki ukuba longeze kumanani.

Apho ukuzimela okukhokelwayo kufanelekile

Isikhundla sam kulula ukusichaza. Nje ukuba i-Bitcoin yakho ixabiseke ngaphezu kwemali obuya kuyishiya ngolonwabo kwisihlalo semoto, izitshixo zezakho kwaye ukuseta kufuneka kwenziwe kube kanye, ngokufanelekileyo. Ndinikezela ngesikhokelo sokuzigcina ngokwakho ukusuka kwi-R10,000. Wenza onke amanqanaba abuthathaka ngezandla zakho ngelixa ndijonge iimpazamo ezithe cwaka: i-backup engaqinisekiswanga, idilesi ayizange ihlolwe, igama lembewu libhalwe ngaphandle kocwangco. I-Onboarding yi-Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FICA) -ethobelayo nge-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933), ngoko ke ubambe izitshixo zakho kunye nokuhlala umhlawuli werhafu othobelayo akazange abe noxinzelelo.

Iimpazamo ekuzigcineni zilayishwe ngaphambili. Phantse yonke into engahambi kakuhle ihamba kakuhle kwangethuba, kucwangciso ngokwalo, kwi-backup engazange ivavanywe, kwifoto ethatyathwe lula. Yiloo nto kanye apho isikhokelo sifumana ukugcinwa kwayo. Emva koko uqeqesho luba yindinisa, nto leyo eluvalelweni lolona ncomelo luphezulu lukhoyo.