Ukhuseleko lwe-Bitcoin: Yintoni ekhoyo kwaye engazange ikhutshwe

Iprotocol yeBitcoin ayizange igqekezwe. Akukho kanye kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu, ngaphezulu kwe-880,000 yeebhloko kunye nayo yonke ingozi kunye norhulumente onobutshaba ophoswe kuyo. Yintoni ephangiweyo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, yi-scaffolding yabantu eyakhiwe ngeenxa zonke: ukutshintshiselana kunye nezipaji zokungakhathali. Xa i-Mt Gox yawa ngo-2014 kwaye malunga ne-850,000 ye-Bitcoin yanyamalala, izihloko zathi i-Bitcoin yagqekezwa. Kwakungenjalo. Inkampani yaba. Lo mahluko omnye uthatha isigqibo sokuba i-Bitcoin yakho ikhuselekile, kwaye yeyona nto ndiyichitha ixesha lam elininzi ndichazela abathengi.

Uninzi lwamagqabaza oluntu luyibuyisela emva oku. Iwubeka ngaphezulu umngcipheko kwiprothokholi, ekufutshane ne-nil, kwaye iwujongela phantsi umngcipheko kumashishini, kulapho phantse yonke irandi ithe yalahleka.

Yintoni inethiwekhi eneneni, kwaye kutheni ibambe

I-Isixokelelwano seebloko yeBitcoin yirekhodi yoluntu yayo yonke intengiselwano eyake yenziwa. Ayigcinwa kwiseva kwenye indawo. Ibanjwa ngaxeshanye ngamashumi amawaka eekhompyuter ezizimeleyo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-nodes, ezisebenza kumazwe angaphezu kwekhulu, ngalinye liphethe ikopi epheleleyo yembali kwaye ngalinye lijonga ibhloko nganye entsha ngokuchasene nemithetho yodwa. Akukho ntloko-ofisi yokugqogqa, akukho tshintsho lwenkosi kwi-flip kwaye akukho matshini omnye ongaphumeleliyo uthatha ukuphumla. Ukonakalisa irekhodi kuya kufuneka ungcolise zonke ngaxeshanye, yonke indawo, ngephanyazo enye.

Olo luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwenqaba, kwaye kufanelekile ukuhlala nalo okomzuzwana.

Ukhuseleko luxhomekeke kwizinto ezimbini ezisebenzisanayo. Eyokuqala yi-cryptography. I-Bitcoin isebenzisa i-SHA-256, i-algorithm ye-hashing ephuma kwi-Arhente yoKhuseleko yeSizwe yaseMelika, kwaye amanani abandakanyekayo ayeke ukuba nengqondo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthelekelela iqhosha elithile labucala ngebhaqo ngamanqam okukhetha inani elichanekileyo kuluhlu lweedijiti ezingama-78. Kwisikali, ibhiliyoni inamanani alishumi. Awuyi kukhubeka kwizitshixo zomntu, kwaye akukho khompyutha enkulu.

Eyesibini ngamandla ekhompyutha ekrwada. Ukubhala kwakhona intengiselwano eqinisekisiweyo umhlaseli uya kufuna ukuba aphume-imisipha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sothungelwano ngaxeshanye, okubizwa ngokuba yi-51%. Uthungelwano ngokwangoku luqhuba ngaphezulu kwe-800 quintillion yokusebenza kwe-hashing ngomzuzwana ngamnye, inani eloyisa amandla adityanisiweyo eenkampani zeteknoloji ezinkulu zehlabathi kunye nayo yonke ikhompyutha enkulu ekwiplanethi idityanisiwe. Abantu abayixhalabeleyo le nto badla ngokufanekisela imeko ekhohlakeleyo. Qhuba amanani kwaye umzamo olungelelanisiweyo ngoorhulumente abakhulu emhlabeni uya kusilela kwi-hardware efunekayo, ungakhathali ukuba uninzi lwabo luya kuhlaselana ngokukhawuleza. Ndachaza kanye ukuba kutheni olo hlaselo iyindlela yokungangeni ndawo ubungqina bomsebenzi buchaziwe. Inguqu emfutshane kukuba yayiza kubiza iibhiliyoni, ithathe ishumi leminyaka yokuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphandle kwendlela emfutshane kwaye akukho khowudi yokukopela, kwaye umzuzu uphumelele ixabiso liya kudilika kwaye lishiye umhlaseli ebambe oomatshini abaphukileyo kunye ne-asethi engenamsebenzi. Uyilo aluceli mntu ukuba anyaniseke. Kwenza ukunyaniseka kube kuphela kwenyathelo elinengeniso.

Ngoko ukuhlaselwa kwe-51% akuzange kwenzeke. U-Ethereum kunye no-Solana bobabini babahluphekile kwiinethiwekhi zabo ezincinci. I-Bitcoin ayinayo, kwaye kwinqanaba layo langoku ayikho ingozi ethembekileyo.

Yintoni kanye kanye ephangiwe

I-Mt Gox ayizange iphumelele ngenxa yokuba umntu waphula i-Bitcoin. Ayiphumelelanga ngenxa yokuba utshintshiselwano lwaseTokyo oluthe ekuncotsheni kwalo lwaphatha malunga ne-70% yazo zonke iintengiso zeBitcoin zaqhuba ukhuseleko lwayo ngentlekele kwaye, ngamanye ama-akhawunti, yayikhutshwa ngaphakathi iminyaka. Iingqekembe ezimalunga nama-850,000 zathathwa kwizipaji zotshintshiselwano. I-Isixokelelwano seebloko yahlala ivelisa ibhloko rhoqo ngemizuzu elishumi yonke, kwaye isabambe irekhodi egqibeleleyo yazo zonke ezi ngqekembe ezihambayo. Abatyalwayo balinde ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi ukuze babuyiselwe inxenye, uninzi lwabo kudala bekholelwa ukuba imali ikhona.

I-Mt Gox yayingeyokuqala kwaye akukho ndawo ikufutshane neyokugqibela. Abaduni bathatha iingqekembe ze-24,000 kwi-Bitfloor kwi-2012 kunye ne-19,000 kwi-Bitstamp kwi-2015. I-Bitfinex ilahlekelwe kufuphi ne-120,000 zemali kwi-2016 nangona iqhuba ilungiselelo le-multisignature kunye nomntu wesithathu. I-FTX ngoNovemba ka-2022 yayingeloqhekezo kuyo nayiphi na ingqiqo yobugcisa kwaphela. Imali yeklayenti yayingekho nje. Ibichithiwe kwaye ingcakaza ngabantu abaqhuba utshintshiselwano, ubuqhophololo bohlobo oludala kakhulu olunxibe uphawu olutsha. Ipatheni ayizange ithathe umhlala-phantsi nayo. I-Bybit yehlelwa lelona sela likhulu lotshintshiselwano kwirekhodi ngo-2025.

Nganye kwezo yayiliziko elisilelayo. Ulawulo lwangaphakathi olungenamandla, ukuthotywa kweendleko kukhuseleko, okanye umntu osebenzisa iimali zabanye abantu njengezakhe. Akukho nanye kuyo echukumise umthetho olandelwayo. Njengoko omnye umbhali watshoyo, ukucinga ukuba ukutshintshiselana ngenkohliso kuthetha ukuba i-Bitcoin ngokwayo isengozini kufana nokucinga ukuba umntu oqhekeza kwibhanki yakho ye-intanethi ngoku ulawula yonke idola ekhoyo. Ayinangqiqo ebusweni bayo, kodwa ibango lenziwa rhoqo.

UMzantsi Afrika unengeniso yawo kwileja

Awudingi ukulandela iingxelo zenkundla yaseTokyo ukuze ufunde esi sifundo. Ifundiswa apha ngerandi.

Iskimu se-BHI Trust sithathe malunga ne-R2.9 yeebhiliyoni kubemi baseMzantsi Afrika kwaye yahlawula abatyali-mali abadala ngeediphozithi ezintsha ngelixa indoda eyayisemva kwayo ixhasa ngezimali indlela yakhe yokuphila, uPonzi othe ngqo onxibe njengendlu yotyalo-mali. Ecaleni kobuqhophololo ngoku kukho igagasi lobuqhetseba obunzulu umlawuli athe waphawula, apho iividiyo ezenziweyo zizenza abantu bokwenyani kunye namaqonga okwenyani, kumema ukuba ufake idiphozithi emva koko unyamalale. Abantu baye bamangalela amaqabane agwetyelwe ngokusemthethweni amagama abo abiweyo kwaye asetyenziswa njengesithiyelo. Intambo eqhelekileyo kuyo yonke into iyafana neNtaba iGox: imali enikezelwe kumntu wesithathu ongeyiyo le nto babonakala beyiyo. I-Bitcoin egcinwe kwizitshixo zakho ihlala ngaphandle kwayo yonke le ndlela yokusilela.

Umahluko ogqiba ngokwenene umngcipheko wakho

Zoba umgca ngokucacileyo kwaye yonke into esezantsi iya iba lula.

Ukuba ubamba i-Bitcoin kutshintshiselwano, awubambi ngokwenene i-Bitcoin. Ubambe ingeniso kwisiseko sedatha yenkampani kwaye, ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, ungumbolekisi ongakhuselekanga waloo nkampani. Umngcipheko wakho yi-solvency yabo, ulawulo lwabo lwangaphakathi kunye nokunyaniseka kwabantu abaqhuba indawo. Iingqekembe zakho zihlala zikhuselekile njengeyona ndawo ibuthathaka yefemu, nokuba yomelele kangakanani na iprotocol engezantsi. Xa kukho into engalunganga, ibhalansi kwi-app ihlala injalo ukuya kuthi ga ngoku ingabi naxabiso.

Ukuba ubambe izitshixo ngokwakho, umngcipheko wotshintshiselwano wehla uye kwi-zero. Akukho mntu unokukukhenkcela, akukho mntu unokuboleka iingqekembe zakho emva komqolo wakho kwaye akukho kuwa eTokyo okanye eBahamas inokufikelela kuwe. Oluphi utshintsho kukuba umngcipheko uhamba emagxeni akho. Nokuba ibinzana lakho lembewu libhalwe phantsi kwaye ligcinwe kwiscreen ngasinye, nokuba isipaji sehardware size sinyanisekile kumvelisi kunokuba sibhuqwe kwiposti, nokuba unogcino oluvavanyiweyo kunye nokuba ungawubona umyalezo wobusela phambi kokuba uwucofe. Ezo ziba yingxaki yakho, kwaye ziingxaki ezinokusonjululwa, kodwa zezakho.

Hayi izitshixo zakho, hayi iinkozo zakho. Ibuthuntu kwaye ichanekile kanye.

Ukuzigcina ngokwakho kususa iqabane kwaye kukunikeze uxanduva

Bamba izitshixo zakho kwindawo ebandayo ebandayo, isipaji se-hardware esigcinwe ngaphandle kweintanethi kunye nembewu egcinwe kwindawo eyahlukileyo, kwaye ube kuphela komntu emhlabeni onokuhambisa loo Bitcoin. Akukho ukwaphulwa kotshintshiselwano naphi na emhlabeni okuchukumisayo. Akukho mboleki-mali othe cwaka ophinda acinge ngeengqekembe zakho ukuze axhase elakhe iphepha. Akukho mlawuli unqumamisa iqonga obuthembele kulo. Siso eso isibongozo, kwaye nabani na obukele ibhanki yoMzantsi Afrika ivala iakhawunti kuqala aze abuze imibuzo kamva, ayisosibheno esothusayo. Ndihamba nge-practical mechanics ndingene ukuzimela eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye ndithelekisa iimodeli ezimbini ngokuthe ngqo ukuzigcina kuthelekiswa notshintshiselwano ngokugcina.

Ixabiso laloo nkululeko kukuba akukho mntu unokufowuna. Lahla isitshixo sakho kuphela ngaphandle kwe-backup kwaye i-Bitcoin ihambe kakuhle, ngaphandle kwesibheno. Inethiwekhi ayizazi ukuba ungubani kwaye ayikhathali. Esi ayisosiphoso umntu alibale ukusilungisa. Yipropathi efanayo kumacala amabini: isizathu sokuba kungabikho mntu unokuthatha iingqekembe zakho seso sizathu sisizathu sokuba kungabikho mntu unokukufumana kwakhona, kwaye nayiphi na inkqubo eyongeze umva wokubuyisela ibiya kongeza indlela yokungena kuye wonke umntu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ukusilela ekuzigcineni phantse zonke zizenzekele kwaye phantse zonke ziyathintelwa. Abantu bagcina ibinzana lembewu kwinqaku lelifu okanye kwifoto, bangalikhuphi ndawo, okanye bacofe ikhonkco kumyalezo owenziwe ukuba ujongeke njengesiqhelo. Iqela likaLazaro lidume ngokukhupha isixa esikhulu kwiprojekthi yokudlala lingasebenzisi nto ingaqhelekanga kunodliwanondlebe lomsebenzi olungeyonyani olufumene i-malware kwilaptop elungileyo. Akukho nanye kuloo nto ubuthathaka beBitcoin. Bubuthathaka bokuziphatha, kwaye uqeqesho lunokufundiswa kwaye lujongwe, eyona nto ininzi endiyenzayo xa ndihleli nomxhasi ngokuseta okokuqala.

Yintoni eyenziwa ngabanini abakhulu kunye namaziko endaweni yoko

Isitshixo esinye sinesiphako esinye esinyanisekileyo. Linqaku elinye lokusilela, kwaye ukubamba okunentsingiselo kuninzi kakhulu ukuphumla kwisixhobo esinye nakwiphetshana elinye.

Impendulo yi-multisignature. Izitshixo ezininzi, zenziwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye zigcinwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye nomgaqo wokuba nayiphi na intengiselwano idinga umda wabo ngaphambi kokuba ihambe, ngokuqhelekileyo isibini kwisithathu. Lahla isitshixo esinye somlilo okanye ubusela okanye ukulibala ngokulula kwaye iBitcoin isakhuselekile kwaye isasetyenziswa kunye nezinye ezimbini. Akukho sixhobo esinye, kwaye akukho mntu omnye, onokwenza yedwa. Olo lwakhiwo lulo oluguqula ulawulo olungundoqo lusuke kuqikelelo oluphazamisayo lube yinto eneneni iziko elinokuyilawula, kunye nenzuzo eyongezelelweyo yokuba ulwamkelo lurekhodwa kwitsheyini ngokwalo njengomzila wophicotho-zincwadi endaweni yokungcwatywa kuvimba weenkcukacha wabucala wenkampani ethile. Ndiyayigubungela indlela eyakhiwe ngayo Ukugcinwa kweBitcoin kwemityikityo emininzi.

I-SimplB Vault yiloo mgaqo kwifom elawulwayo. Ubambe izitshixo ezibini kwizixhobo ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo, nganye ine-backup yayo yentsimbi, kwaye ndibambe isithathu kwisixhobo esivaliweyo somoya ukuze sibuyiselwe kunye nelifa. Kuba ubambe uninzi ungasoloko transact ngaphandle kwam, kwaye kuba ndibambe isitshixo esinye kuphela andinakuze ukuhambisa Bitcoin yakho yedwa. Kukho i-advanteji ezolileyo yaseMzantsi Afrika nalapha. Xa ubambe uninzi lwezitshixo ekuhlaleni, i-asethi ilawulwa ngokusemthethweni apha, evumela ukuba inkampani ikhusele i-Bitcoin ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuya kwi-Reserve Bank imvume yokuyikhupha ngaphandle. Ayisiyonto incinci leyo kuye nabani na onobunzima bokugcinwa kwe-offshore ngokuchasene nokugcina ulawulo ekhaya.

Ukufunda umngcipheko ngendlela efanelekileyo

Abantu abalahlekelwe yimali kwi-Mt Gox babengengamaxhoba e-Bitcoin eyaphukileyo. Babengamaxhoba eshishini elaliqhuba kakubi elaligcine iingqekembe zabo. Abantu abaphulukene nemali kwi-FTX babengamaxhoba obuqhophololo ngabantu abachazwe ngamagama. Kuzo zombini ezi meko iprotocol yenza kanye le nto ibibhalelwe ukuba yenziwe, kwishedyuli, ngaphandle kokubetha.

Beka irekhodi yeBitcoin ngokuchasene neenkqubo esixelelwa ukuba sizithembe endaweni yoko. Iibhanki ziyophulwa, iiprosesa zekhadi ziyavuza kwaye utshintshiselwano luyaphangwa rhoqo. Ilahleko iwela kubathengi abaqhelekileyo abafane babone ukungaphumeleli ukuza de imali sele ihambile. Uthungelwano olungenankokeli olungathembi nto ngaphandle kweemathematika kunye nombane lunerekhodi yokhuseleko olungcono kakhulu kunabalamli abakhelwe phezu kwayo, nto leyo echasene nebali abantu abaninzi abaphethe iintloko zabo.

Ngoko isishwankathelo esinyanisekileyo sifutshane. Iprothokholi imalunga nokhuseleko njengayo nayiphi na into eyenziwa ngabantu. Yonke into esemngciphekweni ihlala kumaleko phakathi kwakho nayo, kwaye olo maleko yenye oya kukhetha yona. Ingaba iBitcoin yakho ikhuselekile ayingombuzo malunga neBitcoin. Ngumbuzo malunga nokuba uthatha isigqibo sokuyigcina phi, kwaye eso sigqibo sesakho ukuba ulunge.