Ukuthobela Ukulawula Ukutshalwa Kwezimali kwe-Bitcoin eNingizimu Afrika

I-Bitcoin isemthethweni eNingizimu Afrika futhi ilawulwa, futhi ingxenye yesibili yalowo musho ingxenye abantu abayiphutha. Ukulawulwa akulona usongo ku-Bitcoin yakho. Yiyona nto ekunikeza indawo lapho ungajika khona lapho ipulatifomu ihluleka. Nali imephu engihamba ngayo amakhasimende: ukuthi ilayisensi ye-FSCA isho ukuthini, ukuthi i-FICA ikubuzani, ukuthi i-SARS ilindeleni nokuthi i-Reserve Bank ibhekephi, konke ngokwemibandela ecacile kanye nezinsuku ezisebenza ngempela.

Lapho i-Bitcoin iba umkhiqizo olawulwayo

Mhla ziyi-19 kuMfumfu wezi-2022 i-Financial Sector Conduct Authority yamemezela izimpahla ze-crypto njengomkhiqizo wezezimali ngaphansi koMthetho Wokululekwa Kwezezimali kanye Nomphakathi Wezinsizakalo. Leso saziso esisodwa, i-General Notice 1350, saphetha cishe iminyaka eyishumi yengxabano mayelana nokuthi i-Bitcoin ihlala ngaphakathi komthetho noma ngaphandle kwayo. Kusukela ngalolo suku noma ubani oweluleka abantu baseNingizimu Afrika nge-Bitcoin noma obathengisela yona wayedinga ilayisense noma wayedinga ukusebenza njengommeleli wefemu eyibambe.

Kulandelwe iwindi lesikhashana. Abaqhubi abakhona baqale kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNhlangulana wezi-2023 kuya zingama-30 kuNovemba 2023 ukuthi bafake isicelo selayisense, futhi labo abakwenzile bangaqhubeka nokuhweba ngenkathi i-FSCA isebenza kulayini. Labo abangazange balahlekelwe ukukhululwa, futhi ukuqhubeka kwaba yindaba yobugebengu. Ngo-Okthoba 2024 umlawuli wayesethole izicelo ezingamakhulu amane futhi wagunyaza ezingamakhulu amabili neshumi nesishiyagalombili kuzo. Angaphezu kwekhulu ahoxisiwe, iningi lawo ngenxa yokuthi umfakisicelo akakwazanga ukuhlangabezana nebha yokusebenza noma ikhono.

Abafana bezinkomo abazange banyamalale ngobusuku obubodwa. Bavele balahlekelwa izaba zokuthi imithetho ayicacile.

Ilayisensi ye-Crypto Asset Service Provider ayilona ibheji olithengayo bese ulilenga odongeni. Iphethe izibopho zangempela: abantu abafanelekile nabafanele ababalulekile, ikhono elibonakalayo lokusebenza, ukuzwakala kwezezimali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe okuqhubekayo okuqondene nezimpahla ze-crypto. I-FSCA ingahlola futhi ingakwazi ukuhoxa. I-SimplB isebenza Njengommeleli Wezomthetho we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933), ngaphansi kwe-CAEP's Isigaba I kanye no-II samalayisensi omhlinzeki wesevisi ye-crypto. Isigaba I sihlanganisa iseluleko kanye nezinsizakalo zokuxhumanisa futhi Isigaba II sihlanganisa ukuphathwa kokuzikhethela, ngakho kunomthwalo wemfanelo osemthethweni ngaphezu kwami wokuthi ngigcina kanjani amarekhodi futhi ngiqhuba kanjani izinqubo zamaklayenti, nezikhulu zokuthobela umthetho ezihlola umsebenzi wami. Ngithola lokho kuqinisekisa esikhundleni sokukhawulela, okungenzeka okukutshela ukuthi ngiwuhlobo olunjani lomsebenzisi.

Awudingi ukuthatha izwi lami ngakho. Irejista ye-FSCA isesidlangalaleni futhi ukusesha kuthatha imizuzu emibili. Ngibhale i-walkthrough egcwele ye ungabheka kanjani ukuthi umhlinzeki we-Bitcoin unelayisensi yangempela, ngoba iqhinga elidala kakhulu kule mboni yiwebhusayithi ethembekile emi phambi kwesakhiwo esingenalutho.

Isifundo sokushintshana okungagunyaziwe sifundisa sekwephuzile kakhulu

Iningi labantu baseNingizimu Afrika lisathenga i-Bitcoin ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngaphandle kwelayisense yendawo, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi umngane uyenzile kodwa akukho okungahambi kahle okwamanje. Ingozi ibonakala kuphela ngosuku olubala ngayo. Uma ukushintshaniswa okungagunyaziwe kwe-offshore kumisa ukuhoxiswa kwemali noma kuvele kunyamalale, awunalutho lapha. I-FSCA ayikwazi ukukuphenya. Alukho uhlelo lwesinxephezelo lwaseNingizimu Afrika ongafaka isicelo ngalo. Noma yimuphi umzamo wokubuyisela imali yakho udlula enkantolo yangaphandle, ehamba kancane, ebizayo futhi ngokuvamile engenazithelo.

I-FTX yenza lowo khonkolo wamaphuzu ngoNovemba 2022. Izigidigidi zezimpahla zamakhasimende zaqhuma intuthu futhi abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ababebanjwe kuyo babengenazo izingcingo zendawo. Ukuqulwa kwamacala kusahamba kahle naseminyakeni eyalandela. Isivikelo selayisense esikunikeza sona asiwona amaphepha okuzenzela wona. Kungumehluko phakathi kokuba nezinketho nokuba nendaba.

Okubuzwa yi-FICA, nokuthi kungani ikuvikela

Vula i-akhawunti nomhlinzeki onelayisensi futhi uzocelwa omazisi, ubufakazi bekheli kanye nobufakazi balapho imali iphuma khona. Ngezinye izikhathi amaklayenti afunda lolo hlu njengezinsolo. Akukona ukugadwa. YiFinancial Intelligence Centre Act eyenza umsebenzi wayo. Abahlinzeki besevisi yempahla ye-Crypto bangezwe kuSheduli 1 yoMthetho we-FIC njengezikhungo ezinesibopho sokuziphendulela ngoDisemba 2022, okwadonsela isisindo esigcwele somthetho omelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali kulo mkhakha. Ukuqinisekisa nokuqapha kuyekile ukuzikhethela ngaleyo nyanga, kuwo wonke umhlinzeki okufanele asetshenziswe.

Umthombo wezimali ukhiqiza ama-imeyili amaningi. Empeleni kusho ukukhombisa lapho imali yavela khona: umlando womholo, isivumelwano sokudayiswa kwesakhiwo, ukwabiwa kwebhizinisi noma incwadi yefa. Imali eqotho ihlale ishiya umkhondo. Ngibeke uhlu oluphelele lwamadokhumenti ku umhlahlandlela wami wokuthobela i-FICA kubathengi be-Bitcoin.

Isendlalelo sokuthobela manje silandela izinhlamvu zemali kanye neklayenti. Ngomhla ziyi-15 Novemba 2024 i-FIC yakhipha i-Directive 9, iletha uMthetho Wokuhamba we-FATF kubahlinzeki baseNingizimu Afrika, futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-30 Ephreli 2025. Lowo mthetho udinga ukuhlonza ulwazi olumayelana nomthumeli nomamukeli ukuze uhambe ngokuhambisana nokudluliswa kwemali phakathi kwabahlinzeki besevisi. Ibhukwana le-Bitcoin lalihlale lilandeleka. Imithetho ezungezile ivele yafinyelela.

Ngibuke isibuyekezo somthombo wezimali sithola abasunguli ababecabanga ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwebhizinisi lomndeni kuzozikhulumela. Akuvamile. Ibhange elithathe imali lifuna indaba efanayo nomlawuli, kuthi ikhasimende eligcine amaphepha lishaye umoya ngesikhathi leli elingazange lichithe amasonto amabili lijaha izincwadi zababhali bama-akhawunti kanye nozakwabo obeseyekile ukuphendula ucingo. Lezo zinsuku ezimbili zihlala zifika ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu, imvamisa lapho kunendali elinde ukukhokha.

Okuthengelwa yilawo maphepha kungubunikazi obungabonakala. Uma i-SARS ibuza ngokudalulwa, irekhodi lihlanzekile. Uma ibhange lihlaba umkhosi idiphozithi enkulu ngemva kokuthengisa, i-provenance iyindawo ephrintiwe. Lapho umabi wefa eqinisekisa ifa lakho, ubunikazi buyiqiniso kunengxabano.

Lokho i-SARS ekulindele ku-Bitcoin

I-SARS iphatha i-Bitcoin njengempahla, ngakho ukuthengisa ngenzuzo kubangela intela yenzuzo enkulu kubatshalizimali abaningi. Thola i-Bitcoin njengenkokhelo yomsebenzi noma njengeholo futhi iyimali engenayo, ekhokhiswa intela ngamanani akho ajwayelekile. Ihwebe ngokuzimisela futhi i-SARS ingase iphathe yonke inzuzo njengemali engenayo esikhundleni semali. Kunoma ikuphi, izinto ezibanjiwe kanye nezinzuzo ziyingxenye yembuyiselo yakho yonyaka, futhi ukungadaluli kunengozi yangempela.

Cabanga ukuthi i-SARS ingabona okungaphezu kwalokho okucabangayo, ngoba ingakwazi. Yakhe ikhono lokuhlaziya ukungena nokuphuma kwamapulatifomu wendawo, futhi iNingizimu Afrika ibhalisele uhlaka lokubika lwe-crypto-asset lweNhlangano Yezokubambisana Nezokuthuthukiswa Kwezomnotho (OECD), ngokuhwebelana okuzenzakalelayo kolwazi phakathi kweziphathimandla zentela kusukela ngo-2027. Amarekhodi omsebenzi, izintengo zokuthenga kanye nezintengo zokuthenga kanye neziqinisekiso zokubamba ziyiziqinisekiso zemvelo ezidinga ukuqinisekiswa okunembile kwelayisensi yokugcinwa. Ngidlula ohlangothini olusebenzayo lwalokhu ku ukuthi kusho ukuthini uhlaka lokubika lwe-crypto-asethi kubanikazi baseNingizimu Afrika. Kunoma yisiphi isikhundla esinengqondo, umsebenzi wentela oziqonda ngobuqotho izimpahla ze-crypto uyifanele imali, futhi ngiyajabula ukukhomba amakhasimende kochwepheshe.

Ukulawulwa kokushintshana, umngcele ongaxazululeki

Nansi inhlabathi isanyakaza, futhi noma ubani okutshela okuhlukile uyaqagela. Ukubamba i-Bitcoin kusemthethweni. Ukuthi i-Bitcoin isebenzisana kanjani nokulawula ukushintshanisa umbuzo ovulekile, futhi i-2026 iyiguqule kusukela kubuchwepheshe yaba yinto okufanele ibhekwe eduze. I-Reserve Bank ikhule ingakhululeki nge-crypto ngesizathu esithile: ukuhlaziya kwayo kukhombisa ukuthi kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMasingana wezi-2019 cishe izigidigidi zamarandi ezingama-R63 zishiye izikhwama ze-Bitcoin zaseNingizimu Afrika zama-wallet phesheya, zingabonakali uhlelo lokulawula ukuhwebelana olwakhelwe amabhange nemingcele.

Impendulo iwuhlaka lwe-Capital Flow Management Regulations olwanyatheliswa ngo-2026, futhi luyashanela. Okusalungiswa kugoqa izimpahla ze-crypto encazelweni yemali, kanye nemali yakwamanye amazwe negolide, futhi kuphathe i-crypto ehlukanisiwe njengempahla yangaphandle ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuthatha noma ukuthumela i-Bitcoin ngaphandle kwezwe, noma ukukhokha umuntu ongahlali kuyo, kungadinga imvume ecacile. Ukubamba okungaphezu komkhawulo uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali angakawasho kuzofanele kumenyezelwe kuMgcinimafa Kazwelonke zingakapheli izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu usuthole ukulawula, kanye nemininingwane yokuthi ukuthole nini futhi kanjani. Ngokwesimo esikuyo le mibhalo ewuhlaka ize inikeze uMnyango Wezezimali amandla ukuthi uphoqelele ukudayiswa kweRandi futhi, ngokusolakala ngokwephula umthetho, ukuba afune okhiye bangasese ngokwabo. Leyo yindlela ende yokuthi impahla yomphathi kumele isebenze, futhi ngibhale ngokwehlukana ngokuthi yini eyenza imithetho ye-crypto ka-2026 ehlukile kukho konke okuphambi kwayo.

Lezi yizinhlaka, hhayi umthetho. Akekho osaboshiwe okusalungiswa okwamanje. Imboni ihlehlele emuva kanzima, iphikisa ngokuthi i-Bitcoin ebanjwe umhlinzeki wendawo onelayisensi kufanele ibhekwe njengempahla yasogwini kuneyangaphandle, ngakho abalondolozi abajwayelekile abaphoqelekile ukuthi basebenzise imali yabo ye-offshore ukuze bakhulise isikhundla esixhaswe ngerandi ekhaya. Khonamanjalo izibonelelo zendabuko nazo zishintshile, njengoba isibonelelo sokuzikhethela sikhuphuke sisuka ku-R1 million saya ku-R2 million ngonyaka kwiSabelomali sika-2026 kanti isibonelelo semali yakwamanye amazwe sihlala ku-R10 million.

Akukho kulokhu okuxazululiwe, futhi yilokho kanye iphuzu. Uma utshala izamba zezinto ezibonakalayo, thatha iseluleko sokulawula ukushintshana ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele, futhi ubambe i-Bitcoin yakho endaweni ethile lapho umthetho wesikhathi esizayo ungalandelwa kunokuba ube kwenye indawo ekushiya ubhekene nakho. Umhlinzeki onelayisense waseNingizimu Afrika ugcina isikhundla sakho sibonakala, sibhaliwe futhi sivikelekile ngenkathi uhlaka luqeda ukukuzungeza.

Kungani ukuthobela kuyindlela eshibhile

Iningi lokwesaba okuzungeze umthetho livela ekucabangeni njengekheji. Ngokusebenza kuseduze nerisidi. Zonke izimfuneko engizichazile zikushiya nento ozoyifuna kamuva: ilayisense ongayiqinisekisa, irekhodi elibhaliwe elifakazela ukuthi imali yayihlanzekile, amarekhodi SARS angawamukela ngaphandle kokulwa kanye nesakhiwo sokubamba esingakwazi ukwamukela umbuso wokulawula ukushintshaniswa. Abantu abahlupheka ngaphansi kwemithetho cishe njalo yibo abazama ukuyizungeza.

Ukuthobela umthetho akuyona intengo yokungena. Kuwubufakazi bokuthi ungowakhona.