I-Bitcoin njenge-bearer asset: Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuba nayo ngokuqondile

Cishe konke ocabanga ukuthi ungumnikazi wakho, empeleni unesimangalo sakho nje kuphela. Amasheya akho, amabhondi akho, ibhalansi ku-app yakho yasebhange: ngakunye kuyisithembiso esivela esikhungweni esingephulwa. I-Bitcoin ihlukile. Iyi-bearer asset, okusho ukuthi ungumnikazi wayo ngokubamba ukhiye oyihambisayo, futhi akekho omi phakathi kwakho nezinhlamvu. Le ngosi imayelana nokuthi liyini lelo phawu nokuthi lifunani kuwe. Ngohlangothi lwezomthetho lwaseNingizimu Afrika, kusukela ekulawulweni kwemali yangaphandle kuya emafeni, sengibhale ingosi ehambisanayo ngokuthi umthetho umi kuphi ngo-2026.

Iyini ngempela i-bearer asset

Ukheshi uyi-bearer asset wonke umuntu aseyiqonda kakade. Obamba iphepha lemali nguye obamba inani. Alukho uhlu olubhala ukuthi u-R200 osesikhwameni sakho ungowakho futhi akekho umabhalane okumele avume ukuthi uwusebenzise. Umzuzu iphepha lemali lishintsha izandla, ubunikazi bushintsha nalo.

I-Bitcoin isebenza ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi ubufakazi wukhiye oyimfihlo kunokuba yisiqeshana sikakotini ophrintiwe. Izincwadi engizigcina phambi kwamaklayenti ziyichaza ngokusobala: i-bearer asset yileyo ubunikazi bayo obunqunywa ngokuba nayo esandleni, lapho ukulawula kusungulwa ngokubamba ubufakazi obudingekayo, futhi endabeni ye-Bitcoin lobo bufakazi wukhiye oyimfihlo. Obamba ukhiye nguye obamba inani. Abekho abalamuli futhi azikho izinhlu zokubhalisa endleleni njengoba zikhona cishe kukho konke okunye ongumnikazi wakho.

Qhathanisa lokho nayo yonke enye ingxenye yephothifoliyo ejwayelekile yaseNingizimu Afrika. Amasheya akho ahlala endaweni yokugcina emaphakathi ngaphansi kwegama lakho. Ama-unit trust akho abanjwe ngummeli egameni lakho. Irandi elise-akhawuntini yakho yasebhange ngokomthetho liyimali yebhange, elibolekwa kuwe uma uyifuna, yingakho i-akhawunti emisiwe iyingcingo hhayi ukugqekeza. Ngakunye kwalokho kuncike esikhungweni esihlala sikwazi ukukhokha futhi sihlala siqotho. Ubunikazi bakho bungumugqa kwileja yomunye umuntu futhi lowo muntu angayichibiyela leyo leja. I-Bitcoin yakhelwa ngqo ukususa lokho kuncika. Iyi-bearer asset yokuqala eyindlala, eyazalelwa kwidijithali, engekho ngaphansi kombuso: uhlobo lwemali olungabanjwa ngaphandle komgcini, oluhanjiswa ngaphandle kwemvume futhi oluqinisekiswa ngaphandle kwanoma yiliphi igunya eliphakathi.

Ukugcinwa kunezinhlangothi ezimbili kuphela

Akukho ukuba ne-Bitcoin ngesigamu.

Le yingxenye abantu abakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukuyamukela ngoba ihluke kakhulu kwezezimali abakhule nazo. Nge-Bitcoin ayikho indawo emaphakathi. Kungaba wubamba izikhiye noma omunye umuntu uyazibamba. Azikho izimangalo ezingaphelele, awekho amalungelo ephepha futhi akukho ukugcinwa okuphephile ngaphandle kokulawula kwangempela. Ukhiye oyimfihlo uyinto eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kwe-Bitcoin, ngoba onaye angahambisa noma asebenzise izinhlamvu ezihambisana naye futhi ukulawula ukhiye kumane kuwukulawula imali. Lowo musho uyaxaka kumuntu owongayo okhule ngamastatimende nangezinombolo zama-akhawunti, lapho ubunikazi buhlala buyinto isikhungo esiyiqinisekisa egameni lakho. Lapha isiqinisekiso wukhiye osesandleni sakho kuphela.

Ukugcinwa kwendabuko kwakhelwe phezu kokwethenjwa okudluliselwe. Umphathi wesikhwama uncike ebhange, inkampani incike kumbhalisi, umndeni uncike enkampanini ye-trust, futhi ukufinyelela kuphathwa maphakathi ngesikhathi umthwalo wabiwa. I-Bitcoin yephula leyo modeli empandeni. Uma umgcini ebamba izikhiye zakho, awuyibambi i-Bitcoin yakho. Uma ubamba izikhiye zakho, akekho umgcini ongangena buthule ngemuva kwakho. Awukho ukhiye wangemuva futhi akukho ukwedlulwa kwengqalasizinda. Lokho kungabikho kuyilo lonke iphuzu.

Ngakho lapho izinhlamvu zakho zihlala ku-exchange, awukayigcini i-Bitcoin. Ushintshanise i-Bitcoin ngesithembiso. I-app ikhombisa ibhalansi futhi ibhalansi ibukeka ingeyakho, kodwa ngokomthetho ungumkweletwa ongavikelekile wenkampani ezimele futhi izinhlamvu zingezayo kuze kube yilapho ikhetha ukuzithumela. Lokho kushintshanisa ubunikazi ngokulula kuzwakala kungenangozi kuze kufike umzuzu okungasenjalo ngawo.

Umzuzu lapho okungabonakali kunyamalala khona

I-FTX iyisibonelo esihlanzeke kakhulu abaseNingizimu Afrika abasibuke ngesikhathi sangempela. NgoNovemba 2022 le exchange yafaka isicelo sokuqothuka cishe namadola ayizigidigidi eziyisishiyagalombili empahla yamakhasimende engekho. Inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin ayizange iphazamiseke nakancane. Yaqhubeka nokukhiqiza ibhulokhi njalo emizuzwini eyishumi kukho konke lokho, inganaki umdlalo owawusenzeka eBahamas. Okwahluleka yinkampani, eyayiphatha amadiphozithi amaklayenti njengawayo futhi iwathululela engalweni yokuhweba ehlobene ngaphandle kwemvume yamuntu. Imali amakhasimende ayekholwa ukuthi iphephile ingeyawo yayisisetshenziswe kwenye indawo kakade.

Amakhasimende ayebambe i-Bitcoin ku-FTX ayebambe isimangalo esilinganiswa nge-Bitcoin. Lapho inkampani iwa, isimangalo sawa nayo. Ukubuyiselwa kuhambe kancane ezinkantolo iminyaka futhi kubasebenzisi abaningi kwakusho ukulahlekelwa okuphelele. Akukho okwakuyinqaba kukho. Kwakungumphumela ojwayelekile wokwethemba umlamuli ongenasibopho sokubamba i-asethi.

Le phethini indala kune-FTX futhi ilokhu iziphinda. Ukugcinwa okuncike kubahlinzeki kususa ukulawula kwezikhiye kubeke ukulula esikhundleni sokucaca, kanti enkingeni, noma kuwukugqekezwa kwe-cyber, inkohliso noma ukuthathwa okusemthethweni, lokho okungabonakali kuyanyamalala. Izinhlamvu zazingakaze zibe lapho isikrini sasithi zikhona. Ngizichaze izehluleko ngokuningiliziwe lapha: ingosi yami yokuthi kungani ezezimali ezimaphakathi zihlala zidinga ukutakulwa, ngoba indlela okwenzeka ngayo iyafana noma isikhungo siyi-crypto exchange noma ibhange. Lapho omunye umuntu elawula i-asethi, amaphutha omunye umuntu aba wukulahlekelwa kwakho.

Umbuzo okufanele uzibuze wona

Nasi isivivinyo engisibeka kubantu sisaphuza ikhofi. Uma i-exchange oyisebenzisayo inganyamalala ebusuku obubodwa, ubungasaba nayo yini i-Bitcoin yakho?

Uma impendulo yakho incike ekutheni leyo nkampani ihlale ikwazi ukukhokha, iphendule ama-imeyili futhi icubungule ukukhipha kwakho, khona-ke awunayo i-Bitcoin ngendlela eyaklanywa ngayo ukuba ibanjwe. Unesithembiso sesikweletu. Singagcwaliseka. Eziningi ziyagcwaliseka. Kodwa ukuthi siyagcwaliseka yini akukhona okwakho ukukunquma futhi leyo yingozi i-Bitcoin ekhona ukuyiqeda.

Ukuba nayo ngokuqondile kuphambene nakho konke lokho. Izinhlamvu zakho zikhona ku-Uchungechunge lwamabhulokhi noma ngabe iyiphi inkampani yenzani noma yehluleka ukwenzani. Ukhiye oyimfihlo uyazivula. Asikho isinqumo senkantolo, alikho ijaji lokuqothuka, asikho isinqumo sebhodi futhi ayikho ingcingo engedlula izibalo. Lokho kungasuseki yikho kanye okwenza i-Bitcoin ibe yi-bearer asset kunokuba ibe wumbhalo kwidathabheyisi, futhi yingakho ukuzikhandla ekufunayo kungeyona into ozikhethelayo.

Kusebenza kanjani ukuba nayo ngokuqondile empeleni

Lapho usetha i-wallet, idivayisi ikhiqiza amagama okubuyisela, ngokuvamile angu-12 noma angu-24 ngokulandelana okumisiwe. Lawo magama ayindlela yokhiye wakho oyimfihlo efundeka ngumuntu. Noma ubani owabambile angakha kabusha i-wallet yakho kunoma iyiphi idivayisi noma kuphi emhlabeni, ngaphandle kokucela imvume ebhange, ku-exchange noma kimi. Noma ubani ongawabambile, kufaka phakathi wena ngemva kokuthutha indlu ngokunganaki, akakwazi.

I-hardware wallet igcina lowo khiye ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi kwidivayisi encane ezinikele, kude ne-malware i-laptop yakho eyiqoqe buthule eminyakeni. Amagama okubuyisela ngokwawo enziwa ikhophi eyahlukile, abhalwe ephepheni noma agxishwe ensimbini, futhi idivayisi nekhophi akufanele neze kuhlale kudrowa elilodwa. Yilapha umthwalo oluma khona. Lahlekelwa yidivayisi nekhophi kokubili bese i-Bitcoin ihamba unomphela. Akukho ukusethwa kabusha kwephasiwedi, alukho uhlelo lwe-PIN ekhohliwe futhi akekho ongamfonela. I-Bitcoin, ngezindlela eziningi, iyi-asethi yokugcina yokuqala etholakala kunoma ubani futhi eyokuqala engazigcinelwa ngaphandle kokuyekethisa. Ayikho i-vault, asikho isitifiketi, akekho umlamuli. Yizibalo, ukubethela nokuzikhandla kuphela. Lokho kudluliselwa komthwalo kusuka esikhungweni kuya kumuntu yikho okuyenza ibe namandla futhi okuyenza ifune okuningi ngomoya munye, yingakho ngihamba namaklayenti ekusetheni kunokuba ngiwathumelele uhlu lokuhlola nge-imeyili. Ngiyichaza indlela yokusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni lapha: indlela abaseNingizimu Afrika abazigcinela ngayo kahle.

I-multisig yokugcinwa okukugcina uphapheme ebusuku

Ukhiye owodwa uwubunikazi bangempela kodwa futhi uyiphuzu elilodwa lokuhluleka. Mlahlekelwe noma untshontshwe bese konke kuhamba kanyekanye. Esikhundleni esincane leyo ngozi ingaphathwa ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kobukhulu obuthile isakhiwo yiso okufanele sithwale ukuzikhandla.

Ukusethwa kwe-multi-signature ye-2-ku-3 kwenza lokho. Kukhona izikhiye ezintathu, noma yiziphi ezimbili zingagunyaza ukuthengiselana, futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukuze antshontshe izinhlamvu isela lizodinga ukuthola izikhiye ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze ulahlekelwe ukufinyelela ngengozi kuzodingeka ulahlekelwe ezimbili kanyekanye. Isigameko esisodwa asisakwazi ukuqeda indaba.

Lesi yisakhiwo esingemuva kwe-SimplB Vault. Ubamba izikhiye ezimbili kumadivayisi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene kanti mina ngibamba owesithathu kukhiye wokubuyisela onegebe lomoya, osetshenziswa kuphela ukukusiza ubuyisele noma ukusayina ngokuhlanganyela ngefa lakho. Uzenzela izikhiye zakho ngesikhathi ngikuqondisa isinyathelo ngasinye futhi angisoze ngizibone noma ngizithinte, ngakho asikho isikhungo esisodwa esike silawule i-Bitcoin yakho. Indlela yefa iklanywa kusukela osukwini lokuqala kunokuba inanyathiselwe ngemva kokwethuka, futhi yilapho kubaluleke khona, ngaphezu kwalokho abantu abaningi abakubonayo kuze kube yilapho umndeni ungakwazi ukufinyelela izinhlamvu zesihlobo esishonile.

Lelo phuzu lokugcina lifanelwe umzuzwana, ngoba ubunjalo be-bearer obukuvikelayo usaphila buphenduka bumelane nomndeni wakho ngomzuzu ongasekho ngawo. Ibhange lizonikeza ibhalansi kumphathi wefa oletha amaphepha afanele. Inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin ayinalo ikhawunta lokudlulisela noma yini. Izincwadi zokuphatha ifa azisho lutho kukhiye oyimfihlo futhi incwadi yefa ayikwazi ukuwuvula. Uma indlela yokufinyelela ingazange ibhalwe phansi ngesikhathi wonke umuntu esaphila, izinhlamvu zimane zilahleke, zingaphakathi ngokugcwele efeni ngezinjongo zentela yefa futhi ngasikhathi sinye zingafinyeleleki unomphela. Uhlelo lwe-2-ku-3 lukuxazulula lokho buthule, ngoba ukuthola noma iyiphi eyodwa yamakhophi akho kwanele ukuba ukhiye wami wokubuyisela usayine ngokuhlanganyela kanye nayo futhi ukhulule izinhlamvu ngomyalelo wefa lakho.

Ubunikazi abusho lutho ngaphandle kokufinyelela. I-bearer asset enendlela yokubuyisela ebhaliwe yiyo inguqulo yalokhu ekusindayo. Lowo ngumehluko phakathi kokubamba i-Bitcoin nokumane uyibambe okwamanje.

Ukusuka ku-exchange uye ezikhiyeni zakho kungesinye sezinyathelo ezinemiphumela emikhulu umbambi we-Bitcoin asithathayo, futhi yisinyathelo lapho iphutha elithule libiza kakhulu khona. Uma ungathanda ukukwenza kanye futhi ukwenze kahle, qala ngesicelo esifushane nengxoxo bese ngikuhambisa enguqulweni efanele ubukhulu balokho okubambile.