Ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho yoTyalo-mali lweBitcoin eMzantsi Afrika

I-Bitcoin isemthethweni eMzantsi Afrika kwaye ilawulwa, kwaye isiqingatha sesibini seso sigwebo yinxalenye abantu abangalunganga. Ulawulo aluyongozi kwiBitcoin yakho. Yeyona nto ikunika indawo yokujika xa iqonga lisilela. Le yimephu endihamba ngayo kubathengi: ukuba lithetha ukuthini iphepha-mvume le-FSCA, yintoni iFICA ibuza kuwe, ilindele ntoni iSARS kunye nalapho iBhanki enguVimba ibheka khona, konke oko kubhalwe ngokucacileyo nangemihla esebenzayo.

Xa iBitcoin yaba yimveliso elawulwayo

Ngomhla we-19 ku-Oktobha 2022 i-Financial Sector Conduct Authority yachaza i-crypto assets njengemveliso yemali phantsi koMthetho weeNgcebiso zeMali kunye ne-Intermediary Services Act. Eso saziso sinye, iSaziso esiPhakathi 1350, saphela malunga neshumi lengxabano malunga nokuba iBitcoin yayihlala ngaphakathi komthetho okanye ngaphandle kwayo. Ukusukela ngaloo mhla nabani na ocebisa abemi boMzantsi Afrika ngeBitcoin okanye obathengisela yona ufuna ilayisenisi okanye kufuneka asebenze njengommeli wefemu eyibambeleyo.

Kwalandela ifestile yotshintsho. Abaqhubi abakhoyo babenokusuka ngomhla woku-1 kuJuni ka-2023 ukuya kwi-30 kaNovemba ka-2023 ukuba bafake isicelo selayisensi, kwaye abo baye benza njalo banokuqhubeka berhweba ngelixa i-FSCA isebenza emgceni. Abo bangazange baphulukane nokukhululwa, kwaye ukuqhubeka kwaba ngumcimbi wolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngo-Okthobha wama-2024 umlawuli sele efumene izicelo ezingamakhulu amane kwaye wavuma amakhulu amabini aneshumi elinesibhozo kuzo. Ngaphezu kwekhulu baye barhoxiswa, uninzi ngenxa yokuba umenzi-sicelo akakwazanga ukuhlangabezana nomsebenzi okanye ibha yobuchule.

Amakhwenkwe awazange atshabalale ngobusuku nje obunye. Bavele baphulukana nesizathu sokuba imithetho ayicacanga.

Ilayisensi yoMboneleli weNkonzo ye-Asethi ye-Crypto ayikho ibheji oyithengayo kwaye uxhonywe eludongeni. Ithwala izibophelelo zokwenyani: kufanelekile kwaye kufanelekile abantu abaphambili, amandla abonakalayo okusebenza, ukulunga kwezemali kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwephesha kwii-asethi ze-crypto. I-FSCA inokuhlola kwaye inokurhoxisa. I-SimplB isebenza njengoMmeli osemthethweni we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933), phantsi kwe-CAEP yeCandelo I kunye ne-II ilayisensi yomboneleli wenkonzo ye-asethi ye-crypto. Udidi I lubandakanya iingcebiso kunye neenkonzo zomlamli kwaye uDidi II lubandakanya ulawulo olunokuvela, ngoko kukho uxanduva olusemthethweni ngaphezulu kwam malunga nendlela endigcina ngayo iirekhodi kwaye ndiqhuba ngayo iinkqubo zabaxumi, kunye namagosa othotyelo ajonga umsebenzi wam. Ndifumanisa oko kuyaqinisekisa kunokuba kube ngumqobo, nto leyo ekuxelela ukuba ndiluhlobo luni lomsebenzi.

Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uthathe ilizwi lam kulo. Irejista ye-FSCA isesidlangalaleni kwaye ukukhangela kuthatha imizuzu emibini. Ndabhala i-walkthrough epheleleyo ye indlela yokujonga ukuba ngaba umboneleli weBitcoin unelayisensi yokwenene, ngenxa yokuba iqhinga elidala kakhulu kule shishini yiwebhusayithi ethembekileyo emi phambi kwesakhiwo esingenanto.

Isifundo ngotshintshiselwano olungenampepha-mvume lusifundisa emva kwexesha

Uninzi lwabantu baseMzantsi Afrika basathenga i-Bitcoin kumaqonga angaphesheya kweelwandle ngaphandle kwelayisenisi yasekhaya, ngokwesiqhelo kuba umhlobo uyenzile kwaye akukho nto igwenxa okwangoku. Umngcipheko ubonakala kuphela ngosuku olubala ngalo. Ukuba utshintshiselwano olungalawulwayo lwe-offshore luba ngumkhenkce ukurhoxiswa okanye luvele lunyamalale, awunakuncedwa apha. I-FSCA ayinakuyiphanda. Akukho sikimu sembuyekezo saseMzantsi Afrika onokuthi ubange ngaso. Naliphi na ilinge lokubuyisela imali yakho lihamba kwinkundla yangaphandle, ecothayo, ebiza imali eninzi kwaye edla ngokungabi nasiqhamo.

I-FTX yenze loo nto ikhonkrithi ngoNovemba ka-2022. Iibhiliyoni kwii-asethi zabathengi ziye zenyuka zaba ngumsi kwaye abantu baseMzantsi Afrika ababanjwe kuyo babengenalo umzimba wasekhaya wokufowunela. Iinkqubo zisaqhubeka nasemva kweminyaka. Ukhuseleko olunikezwa yilayisenisi ayingomaphepha ngenxa yalo. Ngumahluko phakathi kokhetho nokuba nebali.

Yintoni iFICA ebuzayo, kwaye kutheni ikukhusela

Vula i-akhawunti kunye nomboneleli onelayisensi kwaye uya kucelwa amaxwebhu esazisi, ubungqina bedilesi kunye nobungqina bokuba imali ivela phi. Abathengi ngamanye amaxesha balufunda olo luhlu njengesikrokro. Ayikokubeka esweni. YiFinancial Intelligence Centre Act eyenza umsebenzi wayo. Ababoneleli ngenkonzo ye-asethi ye-Crypto bongezwa kwiShedyuli 1 yoMthetho we-FIC njengamaziko aphendulayo ngoDisemba 2022, eyakhupha ubunzima obupheleleyo bomthetho wokulwa nokuthengiswa kwemali kwicandelo. Ukuqinisekisa kunye nokubeka iliso kuyekile ukuzikhethela ngaloo nyanga, kumboneleli ngamnye ofanele ukusetyenziswa.

Umthombo wemali uvelisa eyona imeyile ininzi. Ngokwenza oko kuthetha ukubonisa apho ivela khona imali: imbali yomvuzo, isivumelwano sokuthengiswa kwepropati, ulwabiwo lweshishini okanye ileta yelifa. Imali enyanisekileyo ihlala ishiya umkhondo. Ndibeke uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamaxwebhu ngaphakathi Isikhokelo sam sokuthotyelwa kwe-FICA kubathengi beBitcoin.

Umaleko wokuthotyelwa ngoku ulandela iingqekembe kunye nomxhasi. Ngomhla we-15 ngoNovemba 2024 i-FIC ikhuphe i-Directive 9, izisa i-FATF Travel Rule kubaboneleli baseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye yaqala ukusebenza ngomhla we-30 ku-Apreli 2025. Loo mgaqo ufuna ukuchonga ulwazi malunga nomthumeli kunye nomamkeli ukuhamba kunye nokudluliselwa phakathi kwabanikezeli benkonzo. Ileja yeBitcoin yayisoloko inokulandeleka. Imithetho ejikeleze kuyo ibambekile.

Ndikhe ndabukela ukuphononongwa kwemithombo-mali kufunyanwa ngabaseki abacinga ukuba ukuhanjiswa kweshishini losapho kuya kuzithetha. Ayifane yenjenjalo. Ibhanki ethathe imali ifuna ibali elifanayo nomlawuli, kunye nomxhasi owagcina amaxwebhu ephefumla ngelixa lowo ungazange achithe iiveki ezimbini esukela iileta ezivela kubagcini-mali kunye neqabane langaphambili eliye layeka ukuphendula ifowuni. Loo veki imbini ihlala ifika elona xesha libi kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo xa kukho intengiso elindele ukuzinza.

Yintoni na yonke loo maphepha akuthengayo ubunini obubonakalayo. Xa i-SARS ibuza ukuvezwa, irekhodi licocekile. Xa iflegi yebhanki idiphozithi enkulu emva kokuba uthengise, iprovenance i printout kude. Xa umabi-lifa ephelisa ilifa lakho, ubunini buyinyani endaweni yengxabano.

Yintoni iSARS elindelekileyo kwiBitcoin

I-SARS ithatha i-Bitcoin njenge-asethi, ngoko ukuthengisa ngenzuzo kubangela irhafu yenzuzo enkulu kubatyali-mali abaninzi. Fumana iBitcoin njengentlawulo yomsebenzi okanye njengomvuzo kwaye yingeniso, erhafiswa kwiireyithi zakho eziqhelekileyo. Yirhwebe ngokukhutheleyo kwaye i-SARS inokuyithatha yonke inzuzo njengengeniso kunenkunzi. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, izabelo kunye neenzuzo zezembuyekezo yakho yonyaka, kwaye ukungaxeli kunomngcipheko wokwenyani.

Cinga ukuba i-SARS ingabona ngaphezu kokuba ucinga, kuba iyakwazi. Kuye kwakha amandla okuhlalutya ukuhamba nokuphuma kwamaqonga asekuhlaleni, kwaye uMzantsi Afrika usayine kwi-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) yenkqubo yengxelo ye-crypto-asethi ye-crypto-asethi, kunye notshintshiselwano oluzenzekelayo lolwazi phakathi kwamagunya erhafu ngenxa ye-2027. Iirekhodi zentengiselwano, amaxabiso okuthenga kunye nokugcinwa kokugcinwa kwezinto ezichanekileyo ziqinisekisa ukuba yintoni i-declaration echanekileyo enikezela ilayisensi yendalo. Ndiya kwicala elisebenzayo lale nto yintoni i-crypto-asethi yesikhokelo sokunika ingxelo kubanini baseMzantsi Afrika. Kuso nasiphi na isikhundla esinentsingiselo, igcisa lerhafu eliziqonda ngokunyanisekileyo ii-asethi ze-crypto liwufanele umrhumo, kwaye ndiyavuya ukukhomba abathengi kwiingcali.

Ulawulo lotshintshiselwano, umda ongazinzanga

Apha umhlaba usashukuma, kwaye nabani na okuxelela ngenye indlela uyaqikelela. Ukubamba i-Bitcoin kusemthethweni. Indlela i-Bitcoin isebenzisana ngayo nolawulo lotshintshiselwano ngumbuzo ovulekileyo, kwaye i-2026 iyiguqule kwi-technicality ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokujonga ngokusondeleyo. I-Reserve Bank ikhule ingakhululekanga malunga ne-crypto ngesizathu esithile: uhlalutyo lwayo lubonisa ukuba ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2019 phantse i-R63 yeebhiliyoni ishiye i-wallet ye-Bitcoin yaseMzantsi Afrika ye-wallets kumazwe angaphandle, ingabonakali yinkqubo yolawulo lotshintshiselwano olwakhelwe iibhanki kunye nemida.

Impendulo yidrafti ye-Capital Flow Management Regulations eyapapashwa ngo-2026, kwaye iyatshayela. Iidrafti zokugoqa ii-asethi ze-crypto kwinkcazo yemali eyinkunzi, ecaleni kwemali yangaphandle kunye negolide, kwaye iphathe i-crypto enikezelweyo njenge-asethi yangaphandle ngokungagqibekanga. Ukuthatha okanye ukuthumela i-Bitcoin ngaphandle kwelizwe, okanye ukuhlawula umntu ongeyena umhlali kuyo, kuya kufuna imvume ecacileyo. Ukubamba okungaphezulu komqobo uMphathiswa wezeziMali ongekawuchaza kufuneka kubhengezwe kuNondyebo weSizwe zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu emva kokuba ufumene ulawulo, kunye neenkcukacha zokuba uzifumene nini kwaye njani. Ngokwendlela ezikuyo ngoku idrafti ide ixhobise uNondyebo ukuba anyanzelise ukuthengiswa kwerandi kwaye, ngokurhanelwa ukophulwa komthetho, afune izitshixo zabucala ngokwabo. Leyo yindlela ende kwindlela i-asethi ye-asethi yenzelwe ukusebenza ngayo, kwaye ndibhale ngokwahlukeneyo malunga nokuba yintoni eyenza Imithetho ye-crypto ye-2026 eyahlukileyo kuyo yonke into ephambi kwayo.

Olu luyilo, hayi umthetho. Akukho mntu ubotshelelwe yidrafti okwangoku. Ushishino luhlehle umva ngamandla, luxoxa ukuba iBitcoin ebanjwe kumboneleli wasekhaya onelayisensi kufuneka ibalwe njenge-asethi yaselwandle kuneyangaphandle, ngoko ke abongi abaqhelekileyo abanyanzelwa ukuba bachithe isibonelelo sabo se-offshore ukuze bakhulise indawo exhaswa ngerandi ekhaya. Ngeli xesha izibonelelo zemveli nazo zihambile, isibonelelo esisodwa esinokuvela sinyuke ukusuka kwisigidi esi-R1 ukuya kwi-R2 yezigidi ngonyaka kuHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali luka-2026 kwaye isibonelelo senkunzi yangaphandle sihleli kwi-R10 lezigidi.

Akukho nanye kwezi ezinzisiweyo, kwaye yingongoma kanye leyo. Ukuba utyala imali kwizinto eziphathekayo, thatha iingcebiso zolawulo lotshintshiselwano ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele, kwaye ubambe iBitcoin yakho kwindawo ethile umgaqo wexesha elizayo unokuthotyelwa kunokuba ube kwenye indawo ekushiya utyhileke kuyo. Umboneleli waseMzantsi Afrika onelayisensi ugcina isikhundla sakho sibonakala, sibhalwe kwaye sikhuseleka ngelixa isakhelo sigqibezela ukuyijikeleza.

Kutheni ukuthobela kuyindlela ephantsi

Uninzi loloyiko olujikeleze ummiselo luvela ekuwucingeni njengekheji. Xa usebenza ikufutshane nerisithi. Yonke imfuneko endikuchazile ishiya into oya kuyifuna kamva: ilayisenisi onokuyiqinisekisa, irekhodi elibhaliweyo elibonisa ukuba imali ihlambulukile, iirekhodi ze-SARS zingamkela ngaphandle kokulwa kunye nesakhiwo sokubamba ukuba ulawulo lokutshintsha utshintshiselwano lunokuthatha. Abantu abahluphekayo phantsi kolawulo phantse basoloko bezama ukuyijikeleza.

Ukuthobela ayiloxabiso lokumkelwa. Bubungqina bokuba ulapho.