I-Bitcoin kunye noMmiselo: Yintoni eboniswa bubungqina
Umngcipheko wokulawula abantu bayoyika ngeBitcoin akuwona umngcipheko oboniswa bubungqina. Imixholo yeendaba ithembisa ukuthotywa. Ingxelo ebhaliweyo yeminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo ibonisa okuchaseneyo: ilayisensi, izibhengezo, izigwebo zenkundla kunye nezicwangciso zengxelo, zonke zitsalela i-Bitcoin ngaphakathi komthetho kunokuba ziyityhalele ngaphandle. Oku kukuhamba ngento oyenzileyo uMzantsi Afrika, kunye nemihla, ukuze ukwazi ukukala umngcipheko wokwenyani endaweni yalowo ubucingelwayo.
Ukuthathwa okungundoqo
No state can switch off a network running on tens of thousands of nodes across more than 180 countries. What states can do is regulate the on-ramps, and that is exactly what South Africa has done since 2022: the FSCA declared crypto a financial product, the FIC Act pulled providers under anti-money-laundering law, SARS confirmed the tax treatment and SARB has pushed to fold Bitcoin into exchange control. Two High Court judgments now openly disagree on whether Bitcoin is even "capital". The direction is clarity and containment, not prohibition, and a licensed local provider is how you stay on the settled side of a moving line.
Qala ngento eyenzekayo, hayi into enokwenzeka
Abantu bacinga ngokuvalwa komsebenzi. Into eyaveliswa nguMzantsi Afrika liqela lezaziso zephepha-ndaba.
Ngomhla we-19 ngo-Oktobha 2022 iGunya lokuPhatha kweCandelo lezeMali lipapashe iSaziso esiPhakathi 1350, sichaza i-crypto assets imveliso yemali phantsi koMthetho we-FAIS. Olo xwebhu lunye lwaphela malunga neshumi leminyaka yeengxabano malunga nokuba iBitcoin ihleli ngaphakathi komthetho okanye ngaphandle kwayo, kwaye ikwenzile oko ngokulawula abantu abathengisayo nabacebisa ngayo kunokuba i-asethi oyiphetheyo. Nabani na onika iingcebiso okanye iinkonzo zomlamli kwi-crypto ngoku wayedinga ilayisenisi okanye kufuneka asebenze njengommeli wefemu eyibambe. Ifestile yenguqu yaqala ngomhla woku-1 kuJuni 2023 ukuya kuma-30 kaNovemba ka-2023 ukuze abaqhubi abakhoyo bafake izicelo. Ngo-Okthobha ka-2024 i-FSCA yayifumene izicelo ezingamakhulu amane kwaye yamkelwe amakhulu amabini aneshumi elinesibhozo, kunye nekhulu elinesithandathu larhoxiswa, ubukhulu becala ngabafaki-zicelo abangakwaziyo ukuhlangabezana nebar yokusebenza okanye yokufaneleka. Leyo ayiyomilo yokuqhekeka. Yimilo yeshishini elingeniswa ngaphakathi kwaye lenziwe ukubonisa ukuba linokuziphatha.
Ezona nkcukacha ndizifumana zityhila kakhulu yile nto i-FSCA ishiye ngabom. Abasebenzi basezimayini, abaqhubi be-node kunye nababoneleli abasebenzisana kuphela kwiithokheni ezingenakufungiswa baxolelwe kumnatha welayisenisi, ngokuqiqa ukuba imisebenzi yabo ixhasa inethiwekhi kunokuba bathengise imveliso kumthengi kwaye babeke umngcipheko ophantsi wabathengi. Umlawuli ozoba imigca enyamekileyo malunga nokuba ngubani obanjiweyo nongekhoyo ngumlawuli ozama ukulawula kakuhle, hayi ozama ukugxotha into ethile. Lo mahluko yinkcazo epheleleyo. Ukuthintelwa akukhathazi ngokulinganisa.
Oorhulumente balawula umnyango, kungekhona isakhiwo
I-China yimeko wonke umntu afikelela kuyo. Yabhengeza izithintelo ngo-2017, kwakhona ngo-2021 kwaye kwakhona ngo-2022. Ngalo lonke ixesha ixabiso lawa kunye ne-obituaries yabhalwa, kwaye ixesha ngalinye uthungelwano lugcina ukuvelisa iibhloko kunye nexabiso libuyiselwe, kuba ukuvala ukutshintshiselana akufani nokuvalwa kweprotocol. Ukurhweba kwasuka nje kwasuka elunxwemeni kwaye kwabonana noontanga.
Isizathu sisakhiwo. Inethiwekhi yeBitcoin ayiyonkampani eneofisi onokuthi uyihlasele. Isebenza kumashumi amawaka oomatshini babucala abasasazeke kumazwe angaphezu kwe-180, kwaye akukho gunya linokutshintsha. Into urhulumente anokufikelela kuyo ziziseko ezingundoqo ezibotshelelwe emacaleni: utshintshiselwano, abagcini, ngeli xesha irandi yakho iba yiBitcoin kwaye ibuye kwakhona. Yiloo nto ke abayilawulayo. Esi sisifundo esifanayo esifundiswa yi-intanethi kwiminyaka yoo-1990s, xa amazwe afumanisa ukuba uthungelwano ngokwalo lwalusasazwe kakhulu ukuba lungalawulwa kwaye luluncedo kakhulu ukuba luvalwe, kwaye endaweni yalo yazinza ukuze lulawule urhwebo oluqhuba phezu kwayo. I-Bitcoin ikwindlela efanayo. Awungekhe uvale umthetho olandelwayo, kodwa unganikezela ngelayisenisi obonelela ngeenkonzo ezikujikelezileyo, kwaye yile nto kanye yenzekayo naphi na malunga nayo.
Jonga ngaphandle kwaye ipateni iyaphinda kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. I-European Union yazisa iimarike zayo kwisakhelo se-crypto-assets ukusebenza ukusuka kwi-2023, ulawulo olungqongqo kodwa olucacileyo olunikezela ababoneleli belayisenisi kunokuba bavimbele. I-United States yathatha eyona ndlela inde kwaye yafika kumdibaniso omnye xa ibala le-Bitcoin imali yotshintshiselwano-yavunywa ngoJanuwari 2024, isigqibo esixelele imarike le yiklasi ye-asethi ukuba ilawulwe njengayo nayiphi na enye, kunye nemigangatho yabameli kunye nokugcinwa. I-El Salvador iye yaya phambili kwaye yenza ithenda esemthethweni ye-Bitcoin ngo-2021 ngaphambi kokuba iqokelele njengendawo yokugcina. Iipolitiki ezahlukeneyo, uqoqosho olwahlukileyo, indlela enye yokuhamba. Abo bathandabuzayo ababenexabiso elilinganiselweyo baqhubeka bephosisa.
Umaleko wokuthotyelwa olandele ilayisenisi
Ilayisenisi ngokwayo ayinqandi imali emdaka, ngoko oomatshini abachasene nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali bafika ecaleni kwayo. Izilungiso kuMthetho we-FIC zaqala ukusebenza ngomhla we-19 kunye ne-31 kaDisemba 2022, zongeza ababoneleli ngenkonzo ye-asethi ye-crypto kwiShedyuli ye-1 njengamaziko aphendulayo phantsi kwento entsha 22. Ukususela ngelo xesha ubunzima obupheleleyo be-AML, i-counter-terrorist-financing kunye nomthetho we-proliferation-financing wawela kwicandelo. Ukuqinisekisa, ukubeka iliso kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi kuyekile ukuba yimbeko kwaye kwaba ngumsebenzi osemthethweni.
Emva koko imithetho yaqala ukulandela iingqekembe kunye nomxhasi. Ngomhla we-15 kaNovemba ka-2024 i-FIC ikhuphe i-Directive 9, izisa i-FATF Travel Rule kubaboneleli baseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye yaqala ukusebenza ngomhla wama-30 ku-Epreli 2025. Ukuchonga ulwazi malunga nomthumeli kunye nomamkeli ngoku kuhamba kunye nokudluliselwa phakathi kwabanikezeli benkonzo. Akukho nanye kule nto eyenza i-Bitcoin ibe nzima ukuba nayo. Yenza ukuba umnikezeli osebenzisayo aphendule, kwaye sisizathu sokuba ndihambe wonke umxhasi ngokuzeleyo uMthetho weZiko lezoBukrelekrele bezeMali (FICA) ukhwele phambi kokuba i-satoshi enye ihambe, endiyibeke ngokweenkcukacha kwisiqwenga sam. yintoni efunekayo ukuthotyelwa kweBitcoin eMzantsi Afrika.
Yintoni i-SARS kunye ne-SARB ebekwe kwirekhodi
I-SARS iphatha i-Bitcoin njenge-asethi, kungekhona imali. Thengisa ngenzuzo kwaye irhafu yenzuzo enkulu iyasebenza kubatyali-mali abaninzi. Yifumane njengentlawulo kwaye yingeniso kwiirhafu zakho eziqhelekileyo. Yirhwebe ngokukhutheleyo kwaye yonke inzuzo inokuthatyathwa njengengeniso. Izabelo kunye neenzuzo zezembuyekezo yakho yonyaka, kwaye ingcinga yokuba i-SARS ayikwazi ukubona ukuhamba kwe-crypto sele iphelelwe lixesha. Yakhe amandla okuhlalutya iintshukumo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaqonga asekuhlaleni, kwaye nge-26 kaNovemba ka-2024 uMkomishinala usayine isivumelwano sezizwe ngezizwe phantsi koMbutho weNtsebenziswano yezoQoqosho kunye noPhuhliso (OECD) ye-Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework, kunye nokutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo kolwazi lwerhafu ye-crypto phakathi kwamazwe ngenxa yokuqalisa ngo-2027.
I-Reserve Bank ikwisiphelo esilumkileyo sayo yonke le nto. Isikhundla sayo esilungisiweyo, ekwabelwana ngaso kunye ne-Intergovernmental Fintech Working Group, kukuba i-crypto assets ayithwali isimo sethenda esisemthethweni kwaye ayinakusetyenziselwa ukulungisa izibophelelo ngaphakathi kweziseko zokuhlawula zesizwe. Eso silumkiso asifani nesalelo. Ukubamba i-Bitcoin kuhlala kusemthethweni.
Eyona nto ilandelwe yi-SARB incinci kwaye inomdla ngakumbi: ukuzisa umda we-Bitcoin owela umda phantsi komnatha wolawulo lotshintshiselwano olwakhelwe iibhanki kunye nemida. Isebe lalo lokuJonga imali liye latyhala iminyaka ukuba lilungise uMmiselo woLawulo loTshintsho 10(4) ukuze i-crypto ibale njengenkunzi, isiseko esisemthethweni sokunyanga ukudluliselwa kweBitcoin kumda ngendlela esele iphatha ngayo irandi okanye igolide eshukumayo. Leyo yiprojekthi ye-bureaucrat, isigulane kunye nenkqubo, kwaye ikuxelela ukuba i-Reserve Bank ibona i-Bitcoin njengento yokuzisa kwinkqubo kunokuba ibe yinto enokutshitshiswa. Awuchithi iminyaka uyila imithetho yento ojonge ukuyivala.
Ubungqina bokuba iijaji zisaphikisana
Nantsi inxalenye yezihloko eziphosileyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye bobona bungqina bucacileyo bayo yonke into yokuba oku kusetyenzwa ekuhleni kunokuba kulungiswe ngommiselo. Iinkundla ayikavumelani enye kwenye.
In I-Standard Bank of South Africa v South African Reserve Bank [2025] ZAGPPHC 481, wanikezela ngomhla we-15 kuMeyi 2025, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseGauteng ibambe ukuba i-Imali yekhripto ayibandakanyi "imali" okanye "inkunzi" ngaphakathi kwentsingiselo yeMimiselo yoLawulo loTshintsho lwe-1961, ixhomekeke kwi-Bitcoin ye-decentralized kunye nendalo engabonakaliyo. Kungekudala emva konyaka, kwi Manundhla kunye ne- Another v South African Reserve Bank ngo-1 Juni 2026, enye iNkundla ePhakamileyo yafikelela kwisigqibo esichaseneyo, ibambe ukuba i-Bitcoin yayiyimali kunye nenkunzi kumxholo ophambi kwayo, kwaye ichaza ukuqiqa kwangaphambili njengento engalunganga ngokucacileyo. Iinkundla ezimbini, iimpendulo ezimbini, i-asethi enye. Ndiyacacisa ukuba sithetha ntoni eso sigwebo sokuqala kubaniniyo ekubhaleni kwam i Ityala lolawulo lotshintshiselwano lwe-Standard Bank, kuba inobunzima obuninzi kunokuba abantu abaninzi becinga.
Oko kuphikisana asingombhalo osemazantsi. Yiyo i-catalyst ngqo emva kwe-Draft Capital Flow Management Regulations epapashwe kwi-2026, ezama ukuphelisa ingxabano ngokubhala i-crypto kwinkcazo ye-capital kunye nokuyifaka kulawulo lolawulo lotshintshiselwano, ivuleleke ukuphawula koluntu kude kube yi-30 Juni 2026. Ukuba ubambe iimali eziphathekayo, lo ngumbuzo ophilayo, kwaye ndibhale ngokwahlukileyo malunga nokuba kutheni. imithetho ye-crypto ye-2026 ihluke kuyo yonke into phambi kwabo.
Iijaji ezimbini ezingaboni ngasonye akusosiphithiphithi. Yinkqubo exoxa ngendlela yayo yokufumana impendulo.
Yiloo nto ubungqina bolawulo oluphilayo bubonakala ngathi ngaphakathi. Kumdaka, kuyaphikiswa kwaye kuhamba esidlangalaleni kusetyenziswa igazethi kunye namagumbi enkundla kunokufika ngobusuku njengommiselo. Nabani na okuxelela isiphumo sele silungisiwe, nakweliphi na icala, uqikelela ngaphambi kwerekhodi.
Ukufunda ingozi ngokunyanisekileyo
Ke nantsi ibhalansi, ngaphandle kokujikeleza nangayiphi na indlela. Ngaba urhulumente angenza imithetho ethintelayo, anyanzelise imisebenzi yokubhengeza okanye ayile inkqubo yerhafu engenabuhlobo? Ewe, kwaye iidrafti zika-2026 zibonisa ukuba uzimisele ukuzama. Ngaba inokuvala inethiwekhi oyibambe ngenene iBitcoin yakho? Hayi, kwaye akukho bungqina kwiminyaka emihlanu bubonisa ngenye indlela. Ingozi yokulawula iyinyani kwaye ayikho i-zero, kodwa iphantsi kunokuba yayiyi-2017 kwaye ikhomba ilayisensi kunye nokubhengezwa kunokuthintela.
Ndithi ke njengomntu oyibukeleyo le nto engaphakathi kweli shishini ukusukela ngo-2016, kule minyaka yemali yokufunda xa imithetho yayingacacanga namaqonga ngamakhwenkwe eenkomo. Utshintsho ukusukela ngo-2022 lukhulu kakhulu kwaye luqhuba phantse ngokupheleleyo kwintando yomnini. Ilayisensi onokuyiqinisekisa. Ingxelo ebhaliweyo engqina ukuba imali yayicocekile. Isakhelo serhafu, nokuba ucinga ntoni na ngaso, sibhalwe phantsi. Akukho nanye kwezi ekhoyo kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo.
Inyathelo elisebenzayo lilandela kuloo nto. Sebenzisa umboneleli onelayisensi yendawo ukuze umgaqo oguqukayo ufumane ukuba sele ubonakala kwaye ubhaliwe, gcina iirekhodi zakho zerhafu zicocekile kwaye wazi apho ume khona ulawulo lotshintshiselwano. Abantu abonzakalayo ngummiselo phantse basoloko bengabo bebezama ukuyijikeleza, ingengabo abagcine iirisithi.
Ukuthobela ayisiyonto yoyika abantu. Yirisithi wamkelekile.
Ukuba ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba umboneleli omthembileyo unelayisensi yokwenyani kunokuzithemba, ndibhale uhambo olupheleleyo indlela yokukhangela ukuba umboneleli weBitcoin unelayisensi FSCA, kwaye kuthatha malunga nemizuzu emibini.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngaba iBitcoin isemthethweni eMzantsi Afrika?
Ewe. Ukubamba kunye nokurhweba iBitcoin kusemthethweni eMzantsi Afrika. Ii-asethi ze-Crypto zabhengezwa njengemveliso yezemali phantsi koMthetho we-FAIS ngo-19 Oktobha 2022, olawula ababoneleli kunokuba ilungelo lakho lokuba ngumnikazi we-asethi. I-SARS iqinisekisile unyango lwerhafu kwaye i-SARB iyamkela ukuba ukubamba i-Bitcoin kusemthethweni, nangona inqaba ukuyinika isimo sethenda esisemthethweni. Ukusebenza nomboneleli onelayisensi kugcina umsebenzi wakho ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esilawulwayo.
Ngaba uMzantsi Afrika ungayekisa iBitcoin njengoko yenzayo iTshayina?
Ukuvalwa okuphindaphindiweyo kweTshayina akuzange kwenze i-Bitcoin ingafikeleleki kubemi baseTshayina. Urhwebo lufudukele elunxwemeni kwaye lujongana noontanga, kwaye inethiwekhi ayizange iyeke ukusebenza. Ukuvalwa apha kuya kudibana nodonga olufanayo lolwakhiwo, kuba umthetho olandelwayo usebenza kumashumi amawaka oomatshini akukho rhulumente mnye unokufikelela. Ubungqina beminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo balatha kuMzantsi Afrika olawula ababoneleli endaweni yokuzama ukwalela.
Ngaba ndiyayihlawula irhafu kwiingeniso zeBitcoin eMzantsi Afrika?
Ewe. I-SARS ithatha i-Bitcoin njenge-asethi, ngoko ke irhafu yenzuzo eyinkunzi iyasebenza xa uthengisa ngengeniso kwaye irhafu yengeniso isebenza apho i-Bitcoin ifunyanwa njengengeniso. Urhwebo olusebenzayo lunokutsalwa irhafu njengengeniso kunemali eyinkunzi. NgoMzantsi Afrika usayinwe kwisakhelo sengxelo ye-crypto-asethi kunye nokutshintshiselana kolwazi oluzenzekelayo ngenxa ye-2027, iirekhodi ezichanekileyo zokuthenga zonke izinto ezithengiweyo kunye nentengiso kunanini ngaphambili. Funa iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zerhafu ngesikhundla sakho.
Ingaba iinkundla zaseMzantsi Afrika zigqibe ukuba i-Bitcoin ilawulwa njani?
Akunjalo, nto leyo ngokwayo exelayo. NgoMeyi 2025 iNkundla ePhakamileyo yabanjwa kwityala Standard Bank ukuba Imali yekhripto ayikho imali okanye inkunzi phantsi kwemimiselo yolawulo exchange. NgoJuni 2026 enye iNkundla ePhakamileyo yafikelela kumbono ochaseneyo kwityala likaMangundhla yaze yabiza indlela yokuqiqa kwangaphambili ngokucacileyo ukuba ayilunganga. Olo xinzelelo lungasonjululwanga sisizathu esithe ngqo sokupapashwa kweMigaqo yoLawulo lokuHamba kweNkunzi ka-2026. Book a call ukuxoxa apho uhlala khona.
Ngaba ufuna iBitcoin yakho kwicala elizinzisiweyo lomgca ohambayo?
I-SimplB inceda abantu baseMzantsi Afrika ukuba babambe i-Bitcoin ngokubonakalayo, ebhaliweyo kwaye ngaphakathi kwesakhelo, njengoMmeli osemthethweni we-CAEP Asset Managers (FSP 33933).
Bhukha umnxeba wolawulo lweBitcoin